§55.
5.
Ὁκόταν ἀλγήματα προγένηται, μελαίνης χολῆς καὶ δριμέων ῥευμάτων ἐπιῤῥύσιες γίγνονται· ἀλγέει δὲ τὰ ἐντὸς δακνόμενος·
When pains precede, influxes of black bile and sharp humors occur; and the patient suffers biting pain within.
δηχθεῖσαι δὲ καὶ λίην ξηραὶ γενόμεναι αἱ φλέβες ἐντείνονταί τε καὶ φλεγμαίνουσαι ἐπισπῶνται τὰ ἐπιῤῥέοντα·
The veins, being irritated and becoming too dry, are tensed and, being inflamed, draw the flowing humors to themselves.
ὅθεν διαφθαρέντος τοῦ αἵματος, καὶ τῶν πνευμάτων οὐ δυναμένων ἐν αὐτῷ τὰς κατὰ φύσιν ὁδοὺς βαδίζειν, καταψύξιές τε γίγνονται ὑπὸ τῆς στάσιος, καὶ σκοτώσιες, καὶ ἀφωνίη, καὶ καρηβαρίη, καὶ σπασμοὶ, ἢν ἤδη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίην ἢ τὸ ἧπαρ ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν φλέβα ἔλθῃ·
Hence, as the blood is corrupted and the air is unable to travel its natural passages within it, coldnesses occur from the stagnation, as well as darkness of vision, speechlessness, heaviness of the head, and convulsions, if it already goes to the heart, the liver, or the main vein.
ἔνθεν ἐπίληπτοι γίγνονται ἢ παραπλῆγες, ἢν ἐς τοὺς περιέχοντας τόπους ἐμπέσῃ τὰ ῥεύματα, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν πνευμάτων οὐ δυναμένων διεξιέναι καταξηρανθῇ.
From this, they become epileptic or paralytic, if the humors fall into the surrounding parts and are dried up by the air that is unable to pass through.
Ἀλλὰ χρὴ τοὺς τοιούτους προπυριῶντα φλεβοτομέειν ἐν ἀρχῇσιν εὐθέως, μετεώρων ἐόντων πάντων τῶν λυπεόντων πνευμάτων καὶ ῥευμάτων· εὐβοηθητότερα γάρ ἐστιν·
But one must immediately perform venesection at the beginning for such patients, after first applying heat, while all the distressing air and humors are still suspended; for they are more easily treated then.
καὶ ἀναλαμβάνοντα, καὶ τὰς κρίσιας ἐπιθεωρέοντα, φαρμακεύειν, ἢν μὴ κουφίζηται, ἄνω· τὴν δὲ κάτω κοιλίην, ἢν μὴ ὑποχωρέῃ κλυσμῷ, ὄνου γάλα ἑφθὸν δίδου, καὶ πινέτω μὴ ἔλασσον δώδεκα κοτυλῶν· ἢν δὲ ῥώμη περιέχῃ, πλεῖον ἑκκαίδεκα.
And restoring the patient's strength and observing the crises, if the illness is not alleviated, treat with drugs from above; but for the lower belly, if it does not yield to a clyster, give boiled ass's milk, and let him drink not less than twelve kotylai; and if strength permits, more than sixteen.
§66.
6.
Σύναγχος δὲ γίνεται, ὁκόταν ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ῥεῦμα πολυὺ καὶ κολλῶδες ὥρην χειμερινὴν ἢ ἐαρινὴν ἐς τὰς σφαγίτιδας φλέβας ἐπιῤῥυῇ, καὶ τὸ ῥεῦμα πλεῖον διὰ τὴν εὐρύτητα ἐπισπάσωνται·
Synanche occurs when a large and viscid humor flows down from the head in the winter or spring season into the jugular veins, and the veins, because of their width, draw in more of the humor.
ὁκόταν δὲ ψυχρόν τε ἐὸν καὶ κολλῶδες ἐμφράξηται, τοῦ πνεύματος τὰς διεξόδους καὶ τοῦ αἵματος ἀποφράσσον, πήγνυσι τὰ ξύνεγγυς τοῦ αἵματος, καὶ ἀκίνητον καὶ στάσιμον ποιέει, φύσει ψυχρὸν ἐὸν καὶ ἐμφρακτικόν.
And when, being cold and viscid, it obstructs, blocking the passages of the air and blood, it coagulates the adjacent blood and makes it motionless and stagnant, being itself by nature cold and obstructive.
Διὰ τοῦτο πνίγονται, τῆς γλώσσης ἀποπελιουμένης καὶ στρογγυλουμένης καὶ ἀνακαμπτομένης διὰ τὰς φλέβας τὰς ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσαν· τῆς γὰρ ὑποταμνομένης σταφυλῆς, ἢν δὴ κιονίδα καλεῦσιν, ἑκατέρωθεν φλὲψ παχείη.
Because of this they choke, as the tongue becomes livid, rounded, and bent back because of the veins under the tongue; for on either side of the uvula that is cut (which indeed they call kionis) there is a thick vein.
Ὁκόταν οὖν πλήρεες αὗται ἐοῦσαι ἐς τὴν γλῶσσαν ἐναποστηρίζωνται ἀραιὴν ἐοῦσαν καὶ σπογγοειδέα, διὰ τὴν ξηρασίην ὑπὸ βίης τὸ ἐκ τῶν φλεβῶν δεχομένη ὑγρὸν, ἐκ πλκτείης μὲν στρογγύλη γίνεται, ἐξ εὐχρόου δὲ πελιδνὴ, ἐκ μαλθακῆς δὲ σκληρὴ, ἐξ εὐκάμπτου δὲ ἄκαμπτος, ὥστε ταχέως ἀποπνίγεσθαι, ἢν μή τις ὀξέως βοηθῇ.
Therefore, when these, being full, discharge into the tongue which is loose and spongy, and the tongue, because of its dryness, forcibly receives the liquid from the veins, it becomes rounded instead of flat, livid instead of healthy-colored, hard instead of soft, and inflexible instead of flexible, so that they quickly choke unless one helps swiftly.
Φλεβοτομίην τε ποιεύμενος ἀπὸ βραχιόνων, καὶ τὰς ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσαν φλέβας ὑποτάμνων, καὶ φαρμακεύων τοῖσιν ἐκλεικτοῖσι, καὶ ἀναγαργαρίζων θερμοῖσι, καὶ κεφαλὴν ὑποξυρῶν, καὶ κήρωμα κεφαλῇ καὶ τραχήλῳ περιτιθέναι, καὶ εἰρίοισι περιελίσσειν, καὶ σπόγγοισι μαλθακοῖσιν, ἐν ὕδατι θερμῷ ἐκπιεζεῦντα, πυριῇν· πίνειν τε ὕδωρ καὶ μελίκρητον μὴ ψυχρά· χυλὸν δε προσφέρειν, ὁκόταν ἐκ κρίσιος ἐν ἀσφαλείῃ ἤδη ᾖ.
One should perform venesection from the arms, cut the veins under the tongue, treat with linctuses, gargle with warm liquids, shave the head, apply a cerate to the head and neck, wrap with wool, and apply heat with soft sponges squeezed out of warm water; and let him drink water and hydromel that are not cold; and offer gruel when he is already in safety after the crisis.
Ὁκόταν ἐν θερινῇ ἢ μετοπωρινῇ ὥρῃ ἐκ κεφαλῆς θερμὸν τὸ ῥεῦμα καταῤῥυῇ, καὶ νιτρῶδες ᾖ, ἅτε ὑπὸ τῆς ὥρης δριμὸ καὶ θερμὸν γεγενημένον, δάκνει τοιόνδε ἐὸν, καὶ ἑλκοῖ, καὶ πνεύματος ἐμπίπλησι, καὶ ὀρθοπνοίη παραγίγνεται καὶ ξηρασίη πολλὴ, καὶ τὰ θεωρεύμενα ἰσχνὰ φαίνεται, καὶ τοὺς ὄπισθεν τένοντας ἐν τῷ τραχήλῳ ξυντείνεται, καὶ δοκέει οἱ τέτανος ἐντετάσθαι, καὶ ἡ φωνὴ ἀπέῤῥωγε, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα σμικρὸν, καὶ ἡ ἐντίσπασις τοῦ πνεύματος πυκνὴ καὶ βιαίη παραγίγνεται.
When in the summer or autumn season a hot humor flows down from the head, and it is nitrous, being made sharp and hot by the season, such as it is, it bites and causes ulcers, and fills with air, and orthopnea occurs along with much dryness, and the parts observed appear thin, and the tendons behind in the neck are tensed, and tetanus seems to be stretched, and the voice is broken off, and the breath is small, and the drawing-in of the breath becomes frequent and violent.
Οἱ τοιοίδε τὴν ἀρτηρίην ἑλκοῦνται, καὶ τὸν πλεύμονα πίμπρανται, οὐ δυνάμενοι τὸ ἔξωθεν πνεῦμα ἐπάγεσθαι.
Such patients have their windpipe ulcerated and their lungs inflamed, being unable to draw in the external air.
Τοῖσι τοιουτέοισι δὲ ἢν μὴ ἐς τὰ ἔξω μέρεα τοῦ τραχήλου έκουσίῃ ἀποφέρηται, δεινότερα καὶ ἀφυκτότερα ἐστὶ, καὶ διὰ τὴν ὥρην, καὶ ὅτι ἀπὸ θερμῶν καὶ δριμέων.
For such patients, unless the humor is carried off naturally to the external parts of the neck, the symptoms are more severe and unavoidable, both because of the season and because the humor is from hot and sharp sources.