§1## ΠΕΡΙ ΔΙΑΙΤΗΣ ΟΞΕΩΝ ΝΟΘΑ.
1.
1.
Καῦσος γίγνεται, ὁκόταν ἀναξηρανθέντα τὰ φλέβια ἐν θερινῇ ὥρῃ ἐπισπάσηται δριμέας καὶ χολώδεας ἰχῶρας ἐς ἑωυτά· καὶ πυρετὸς πολὺς ἴσχει, τό τε σῶμα ὡς ὑπὸ κόπου ἐχόμενον κοπιᾷ καὶ ἀλγέει.
Causus (burning fever) arises when the small veins, having become dried up in the summer season, draw sharp and bilious humors into themselves; then a high fever holds the patient, and the body, as if held by fatigue, is weary and in pain.
Γίγνεται δὲ ὡς ἐπιτοπουλὺ καὶ ἐκ πορείης μακρῆς καὶ δίψεος μακροῦ, ὁκόταν ἀναξηρανθέντα τὰ φλέβια δριμέα καὶ θερμὰ ῥεύματα ἐπισπάσηται.
It also arises for the most part from a long journey and long thirst, when the dried-up small veins draw sharp and hot currents.
Γίγνεται δὲ ἡ γλῶσσα τρηχείη καὶ ξηρὴ καὶ μέλαινα κάρτα· καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν νηδὺν δακνόμενος ἀλγέει· τά τε ὑποχωρήματα ἔξυγρα καὶ ὠχρὰ γίγνεται, καὶ δίψαι σφοδραὶ ἔνεισι, καὶ ἀγρυπνίη, ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ παραλλάξιες φρενῶν.
The tongue becomes rough, dry, and extremely black; and the patient suffers biting pain around the belly; the stools become very liquid and pale, and intense thirst is present, along with sleeplessness, and sometimes even delirium.
Τῷ τοιῷδε δίδου πίνειν ὕδωρ τε καὶ μελίκρητον ἑφθὸν ὑδαρὲς ὁκόσον ἐθέλει· κἂν πικρὸν τὸ στόμα γίγνηται, ἐμέειν ξυμφέρει, καὶ τὴν κοιλίην ὑποκλύσαι· ἢν δὲ μὴ πρὸς ταῦτα λύηται, γάλα ὄνου ἑψήσας κάθαιρε.
To such a patient, give to drink both water and boiled, diluted hydromel as much as he wishes; and if the mouth becomes bitter, it is beneficial to vomit and to wash out the lower belly; but if the disease is not resolved by these means, purge by boiling and administering ass's milk.
Ἁλμυρὸν δὲ μηδὲν μηδὲ δριμὺ προσφέρειν, οὐ γὰρ ὒποίσει· ῥοφήματα δὲ, ἕως ἂν ἔξω τῶν κρισίμων γένηται, μὴ δίδου.
Offer nothing salty or sharp, for the patient will not bear it; and do not give gruels until he is past the critical days.
Κἢν αἷμα ἐκ τῶν ῥινῶν ῥυῇ, λύεται τὸ πάθος, κἢν ἱδρῶτες ἐπιγένωνται κριτικοὶ γνήσιοι μετ᾿ οὔρων λευκῶν καὶ παχέων καὶ λείων ὑφισταμένων, κἢν ἀπόστημά που γένηται· ἢν δ᾿ ἄνευ τούτων λυθῇ, ὑποστροφὴ πάλιν ἔσται τῆς ἀῤῥωστίης, ἢ ἰσχίων ἢ σκελέων ἄλγημα ξυμβήσεται, καὶ πτύσεται παχέα, ἢν μέλλῃ ὑγιὴς ἔσεσθαι.
And if blood flows from the nostrils, the disease is resolved, or if genuine critical sweats supervene with white, thick, and smooth-sedimenting urine, or if an abscess appears somewhere; but if it is resolved without these, there will be a relapse of the illness, or pain in the hips or legs will occur, and he will spit thick sputum, if he is to become healthy.
Καύσου γένος ἄλλο.
Another type of causus.
Κοιλίη ὑπάγουσα, δίψης μεστὴ, γλῶσσα τρηχείη, ξηρὴ, ἁλυκώδης· οὔρων ἀπόληψις· ἀγρυπνίη· ἀκρωτήρια ἐψυγμένα.
The belly is loose, full of thirst, the tongue rough, dry, salty; suppression of urine; sleeplessness; cold extremities.
Τῷ τοιούτῳ ἢν μὴ αἷμα ἐκ ῥινῶν ῥυῇ, ἢ ἀπόστημα περὶ τράχηλον γένηται, ἢ σκελέων ἄλγημα, καὶ πτύσματα παχέα πτύσῃ (ταῦτα δὲ ξυστάσης τῆς κοιλίης γίγνεται, ἢ ἰσχίου ὀδύνη, ἢ αἰδοίου πελίωμα), οὐ κρίνεται· καὶ ὄρχις ἐνταθεὶς κριτικόν.
For such a patient, if blood does not flow from the nostrils, or an abscess does not occur around the neck, or pain in the legs, and if he does not spit thick sputum (these things occur when the belly is bound, or there is pain in the hip, or lividity of the genitals), the disease is not resolved; and a tense testicle is also critical.
Ῥοφήματα ἐπισπαστικὰ δίδου.
Give drawing gruels.
§22.
2.
Τὰ δ᾿ ὀξέα πάθεα, φλεβοτομήσεις, ἢν ἰσχυρὸν φαίνηται τὸ νούσημα, καὶ οἱ ἔχοντες ἀκμάζωσι τῇ ἡλικίῃ, καὶ ῥώμη παρῇ αὐτέοισιν.
For acute diseases, perform venesections if the disease appears strong, and those who have it are in the prime of life, and strength is present in them.
Ἢν μὲν οὖν σύναγχος ᾖ, ἐκλεικτοῖσιν ἀνακάθαιρε, εἴτ᾿ ἄλλο τι τῶν πλευριτικῶν· ἢν δὲ ἀσθενέστεροι φαίνωνται, ἢ καὶ πλείω τοῦ αἵματος ἀφέλῃς, κλυσμῷ κατὰ τὴν κοιλίην χρέεσθαι διὰ τρίτης ἡμέρης, ἕως ἂν ἐν ἀσφαλείῃ γένοιτο ὁ νοσέων, καὶ λιμῷ, εἰ χρῄζοι.
If, therefore, it is synanche, purge with linctuses, or if it is any other of the pleuritic diseases; but if they appear weaker, or if you have already drawn off too much blood, use a clyster for the belly every other day until the patient is in safety, and use starvation if he needs it.
§33.
3.
Φλεγμαίνοντα ὑποχόνδρια μὴ πνευμάτων ἀπολήψει, φρενῶν ἐντάσιες, ἢ πνευμάτων προστάσιες, ὀρθοπνοίης ξηρῆς, οἷσι μὴ πῦον ὕπεστιν, ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἀπολήψιος τὰ παθήματα ταῦτα ὑπογίγνεται, μάλιστα δὲ ἥπατος περιωδυνίαι, καὶ σπληνὸς βαρέα, καὶ ἄλλαι φλεγμασίαι τε καὶ ὑπὲρ φρενῶν περιωδυνίαι, καὶ ξυστροφαὶ νουσημάτων, οὐ δύνανται λύεσθαι, ἤν τις πρῶτον ἐπιχειρέῃ φαρμακεύειν· ἀλλὰ φλεβοτομίη τῶν τοιῶνδε ἡγεμονικόν ἐστιν· ἔπειτα δὲ ἐπὶ κλυσμὸν, ἢν μὴ μέγα καὶ ἰσχυρὸν τὸ νούσημα ᾖ· εἰ δὲ μὴ, καὶ ὕστερον φαρμακείης δεῖ· δέεται δὲ ἀσφαλείης καὶ μετριότητος μετὰ φαρμακείης φλεβοτομίη.
Inflamed hypochondria not caused by the retention of air, tensions of the diaphragm, or obstructions of air, dry orthopnea, in which no pus is underlying but these sufferings arise from the retention of air, and especially severe pains of the liver, heaviness of the spleen, and other inflammations and severe pains above the diaphragm, and accumulations of diseases, cannot be resolved if one first attempts to treat them with drugs; but venesection is the principal treatment for such cases; then proceed to a clyster, unless the disease is great and strong; otherwise, there is need of drugs later; but venesection with drugs requires safety and moderation.
Ὁκόσοι δὲ τὰ φλεγμαίνοντα ἐν ἀρχῇ τῶν νούσων εὐθέως ἐπιχειρέουσι λύειν φαρμακείῃ, τοῦ μὲν ξυντεταμένου καὶ φλεγμαίνοντος οὐδὲν ἀφαιρέουσιν· οὐ γὰρ ἐνδιδοῖ ὠμὸν ἐὸν τὸ πάθος· τὰ δὲ ἀντέχοντα τῷ νουσήματι καὶ ὑγιεινὰ ξυντήκουσιν· ἀσθενέος δὲ τοῦ σώματος γενομένου, τὸ νούσημα ἐπικρατέει· ὁκόταν δὲ τὸ νούσημα ἐπικρατήσῃ τοῦ σώματος, τὸ τοιόνδε ἀνιήτως ἔχει.
Those who attempt to resolve inflamed parts immediately at the beginning of diseases with drugs remove nothing from what is tense and inflamed; for the disease, being raw, does not yield; rather, they waste the healthy parts that resist the disease; and when the body becomes weak, the disease prevails; and when the disease prevails over the body, such a case is incurable.
§44 Τὸ δὲ ἄφωνον τινὰ ἐξαίφνης γενέσθαι, φλεβῶν ἀπολήψιες λυπέουσιν, ἢν ὑγιαίνοντι τόδε ξυμβῇ ἄνευ προφάσιος ἢ ἄλλης αἰτίης ἰσχυρῆς·
4.
φλεβοτομέειν οὖν χρὴ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιὸν τὴν ἔσω φλέβα, καὶ ἀφαιρέειν τοῦ αἵματος, κατὰ τὴν ἕξιν καὶ τὴν ἡλικίην διαλογιζόμενον τὸ πλεῖον καὶ τὸ ἔλασσον.
As for someone suddenly becoming speechless, obstructions of the veins cause this distress, if this happens to a healthy person without a pretext or other strong cause; therefore, one must perform venesection on the inner vein of the right arm, and draw off blood, calculating the larger or smaller amount according to the constitution and age.
Ξυμπίπτει δὲ τοῖσι πλείστοισιν αὐτέων τοιάδε· ἐρυθήματα προσώπου, ὀμμάτων στάσιες, χειρῶν διαστάσιες, ὀδόντων τρισμοὶ, σφυγμοὶ, σιηγόνων ξυναγωγὴ, καὶ κατάψυξις ἀκρωτηρίων, πνευμάτων ἀπολήψιες ἀνὰ τὰς φλέβας.
And the following symptoms happen to most of them: redness of the face, fixed gaze of the eyes, distortion of the hands, grinding of the teeth, throbbings, contraction of the jaws, coldness of the extremities, and obstructions of air along the veins.