§1818.
18.
Ὁκόσα δὲ ἀπὸ διαιτημάτων, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἕκαστος ὡς ἂν παρὰ τὸ ἔθος διαιτηθῇ, μάλιστα ἐπισημαίνει.
On the other hand, regarding the symptoms arising from diet, they make themselves felt most of all, for the most part, in whatever way each person may regulate their diet contrary to habit.
Καὶ γὰρ ὁκόσοι ἂν μὴ μεμαθηκότες ἀριστῇν, ἀριστήσωσιν, ὄγκος πουλὺς αὐτοῖσί·
For indeed, in those who are not accustomed to breakfasting, if they breakfast, there arises for them a great swelling of the belly, drowsiness, and fullness.
τῆς γαστρὸς καὶ νυσταγμὸς καὶ πληθώῤη· ἢν δὲ ἐπιδειπνήσωσι, κοιλίη ἐκταράσσεται·
And if they eat supper in addition, the belly is thoroughly disturbed.
ξυμφέρει δὲ τουτέοισιν ἐκλουσαμένοισι καθεύδειν· κοιμηθέντας· δὲ περιπατῆσαι βραδέως συχνὴν περίοδον·
And it is beneficial for these, having bathed, to sleep; and, after having slept, to walk slowly a long distance.
κἢν μὲν λαπαχθῆ, δειπνῆσαι καὶ πιεῖν οἶνον ἐλάσσονα ἀκρητέστερον· ἢν δὲ μὴ λαπαχθῇ, ὑποχρίσασθαι τὸ σῶμα θερμῷ, καὶ ὑδαρέα οἶνον λευκὸν ἢ γλυκὺν, ἢν διψῇ, ἐπιπιόντα ἀναπαύεσθαι·
And if the belly is relieved, let them sup and drink less wine, but unmixed; but if it is not relieved, let them rub the body lightly with something warm, and after drinking some watered-down white or sweet wine, if they are thirsty, let them rest.
ἢν δὲ μὴ ἐγκοιμηθῇ, πλείω ἀναπαύεσθαι· τὰ δ᾿ ἄλλα ὁμοίως τοῖσιν ἐκ κραιπάλης διαιτάσθω.
And if they do not fall asleep, let them rest longer; and as for the rest, let them be regulated in the same manner as those recovering from a hangover.
Τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ πομάτων, ὁκόσα μὲν ὑδαρέα, βραδυπορώτερά ἐστι, καὶ ἐγκυκλέεται, καὶ ἐπιπολάζει περὶ ὑποχόνδρια, καὶ ἐς οὔρησιν οὐ κατατρέχει·
And as for the symptoms from drinks, those that are watery are slower in passage, and wheel around, and float about the hypochondria, and do not run down into urination.
τοιούτου δὲ πόματος πληρωθεὶς, μηδὲν ἔργον ὀξέως διαπρήξῃ, ὁκόσα τῷ σώματι ξυνταθέντι βίῃ ἢ τάχει πονέειν ξυμβαίνει· ὡς μάλιστα δὲ ἡσυχαζέτω, ἕως ἂν καταπεφθῇ μετὰ τῶν σιτίων.
And having been filled with such drink, one should perform no task quickly, of all those in which it happens that the body exerts itself with violence or speed; but let him remain as quiet as possible, until it is digested along with the food.
Ὁκόσα δὲ τῶν πομάτων ἀκρητέστερά ἐστιν ἢ αὐστηρότερα, παλμὸν ἐν τῷ σώματι καὶ σφυγμὸν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ ἐμποιέει, τούτοισι καλῶς ἔχει ἐπικοιμᾶσθαι, καὶ θερμόν τι ἐπιῤῥοφῇν, πρὸς ὅπερ μάλιστα ἡδίστως ἔχουσιν· νηστείη δὲ πονηρὸν πρὸς τὴν κεφαλαλγίην καὶ κραιπάλην.
And whichever of the drinks are more unmixed or more astringent produce throbbing in the body and pulsation in the head; for these, it is well to sleep on top of it, and to sip something warm, whatever they like best; but fasting is bad for headache and hangover.
Ὁκόσοι δὲ μονοσιτεῦσι, κενοὶ καὶ ἀδύνατοί εἰσι, καὶ οὐρέουσι θερμὸν, παρὰ τὸ ἔθος κενεαγγέοντες·
And those who eat only once a day are empty and weak, and pass hot urine, having empty vessels contrary to habit.
γίγνεται δὲ καὶ τὸ στόμα ἁλυκὸν καὶ πικρὸν, καὶ τρέμουσιν ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ, καὶ κροτάφους ἐπιξυντείνονται, καὶ τὸ δεῖπνον οὐ δύνανται πέσσειν, ὅκως περ ἢν ἠριστηκότες ἔωσιν.
And their mouth also becomes salty and bitter, and they tremble in every action, and feel tension in their temples, and are unable to digest their dinner in the same way as if they had eaten breakfast.
Τούτους δὲ χρὴ δειπνέειν ἔλασσον ἢ μεμαθήκασι, καὶ ὑγροτέρην μᾶζαν ἀντὶ ἄρτου, καὶ λαχάνων λάπαθον, ἢ μαλάχην, ἢ πτισάνην, ἢ σεῦτλα· πίνειν δὲ κατὰ τὸ σιτίον οἶνον, ὁκόσον ξύμμετρον, καὶ ὑδαρέστερον, καὶ ἀπὸ δείπνου περιπατῆσαι ὀλίγον, ἕως οὖρα καταδράμῃ καὶ οὐρήσῃ· χρεέσθω δὲ καὶ ἰχθύσιν ἑφθοῖσιν.
And these must sup less than they are accustomed, and eat a moister barley-cake instead of bread, and of vegetables, sorrel, or mallow, or barley-groats, or beet; and let them drink during the meal wine, in moderate quantity and more diluted, and after dinner let them walk a little, until the urine runs down and they urinate; and let them also use boiled fish.
Βρώματα δὲ μάλιστα ἐπισημαίνει· σκόροδον φῦσαν καὶ θέρμην περὶ τὸν θώρηκα, καὶ κεφαλῆς βάρος, καὶ ἄσην, καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἄλγημα εἴη μεμαθηκὸς πρόσθεν, παροξύνειεν ἄν· οὐρητικὸν δὲ, καὶ τοῦτο ἔχει ἀγαθόν· ἄριστον δὲ αὐτοῦ φαγέειν μέλλοντι ἐς πόσιν ἰέναι, ἢ μεθύοντι.
And solid foods show their effects most of all: garlic causes flatulence and heat around the chest, and heaviness of the head, and nausea, and if there were any other pain accustomed to occur before, it might provoke it; but it is diuretic, and this good property it has; and it is best to eat it when about to go to a drinking party, or when drunk.
Τυρὸς δὲ φῦσαν καὶ στεγνότητα καὶ σιτίων ἐξαψιν ποιέει, τό τ᾿ὠμὸν καὶ ἄπεπτον· κάκιστον δὲ ἐν ποτῷ φαγέειν πεπληρωμένοισιν.
And cheese causes flatulence, constipation, and burning of food, being raw and indigestible; and it is worst to eat it during drinking when full.
Ὄσπρια δὲ πάντα φυσώδεα, καὶ ὠμὰ, καὶ ἑφθὰ, καὶ πεφρυγμένα· ἥκιστα δὲ βεβρεγμένα καὶ χλωρά· τουτέοισι δὲ μὴ χρέεσθαι, ἢν μὴ μετὰ σιτίων.
And legumes are all flatulent, whether raw, or boiled, or roasted; but least so when soaked and green; and one must not use them unless with food.
Ἔχει δὲ καὶ ἰδίας μοχθηρίας ἕκαστον αὐτέων.
And each of them also has its own defects.
Ἐρέβινθος μὲν φῦσαν, ὠμὸς καὶ πεφρυγμένος, καὶ πόνον ἐμποιέει.
Chickpea indeed, whether raw or roasted, causes flatulence and pain.
Φακὸς δὲ στύφει, καὶ ἄραδον ἐμποιέει, ἢν μετὰ τοῦ φλοιοῦ ᾖ.
And lentil is astringent, and causes rumbling if it is with the husk.
Θέρμος δὲ ἥκιστα τουτέων κακὰ ἔχει.
And lupin has the least evils of these.
Σίλφιον δὲ καὶ ὀπὸς ἔστι μὲν οἷσι μάλιστα, τοῖσι δὲ ἀπείροισιν οὐ διέρχεται τῇ κοιλίῃ, ἀλλὰ καλέεται ξηρὴ χολέρη· μάλιστα δὲ γίγνεται, ἢν μετὰ πολλοῦ τυροῦ μιχθῇ ἢ κρεηφαγίης βοείων κρεῶν.
And silphium and its juice, for some indeed [pass through] best, but for those who are unaccustomed, it does not pass through the belly, but what is called dry cholera occurs; and this happens especially if it is mixed with much cheese or with the eating of beef.
Τὰ μὲν γὰρ μελαγχολικὰ παθήματα καὶ παροξυνθείη ἂν ὑπὸ βοείων κρεῶν· ἀνυπέρβλητος γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτέων, καὶ οὐ τῆς τυχούσης κοιλίης καταπέψαι· βέλτιστα δ᾿ ἂν ἀπαλλάξαιεν, εἰ διέφθοισί τε χρέοιντο καὶ ὡς παλαιοτάτοισιν.
For melancholic diseases might even be exacerbated by beef; for their nature is insurmountable, and it is not for an ordinary belly to digest them; but they would come off best if they used them well-boiled and as old as possible.
Αἴγεια δὲ κρέα, ὅσα τε βοείοισιν ἔνι κακὰ, πάντα ἔχει, τήν τε ἀπεψίην, καὶ φυσωδέστερα καὶ ἐρευγματώδεα, καὶ χολέρης γεννητικά· ἔστι δὲ τὰ εὐωδέστατα, στερεὰ καὶ ἥδιστα, ταῦτα ἄριστα δίεφθα καὶ ψυχρά· τὰ δὲ ἀηδέστατα, δυσώδεα καὶ σκληρὰ, ταῦτα κάκιστα, καὶ τὰ πρόσφατα· βέλτιστα δέ ἐστι τῇ θερινῇ, μετοπωρινῇ δὲ κάκιστα.
And goat's meat has all the evils that are in beef, namely indigestion, and is more flatulent and productive of belching, and generative of cholera; and those that are most fragrant, firm, and pleasant, these are best well-boiled and cold; and those that are most unpleasant, foul-smelling, and hard, these are worst, as well as those that are fresh; and they are best in summer, but worst in autumn.
Χοίρου δὲ πονηρὰ, ὁκόταν ᾖ ἐνωμότερα ἢ περικαῆ· χολερώδεα δ᾿ ἂν εἴη καὶ ἐκταρακτικά.
And pig's meat is bad when it is too raw or burnt all around; and it would be productive of cholera and disturbing.
Ὕεια δὲ βέλτιστα τῶν κρεῶν ἁπάντων· κράτιστα δὲ τὰ μήτε ἰσχυρῶς πίονα, μήτε πάλιν ἰσχυρῶς λεπτὰ, μήτε ἡλικίην φέροντα παλαιοῦ ἱερείου· ἐσθίειν δὲ ἄνευ τῆς φορίνης καὶ ὑπόψυχρα.
And swine's flesh is the best of all meats; and the best are those that are neither extremely fat, nor again extremely lean, nor bearing the age of an old sacrificial victim; and one should eat it without the rind and slightly cooled.