§849Λευκόλλου δὲ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατηγοῦ Μιθριδάτην διώκοντος ἐς τὸν Τιγράνην ὑποφεύγοντα, ὁ Μαγαδάτης ᾔει μετὰ τοῦ στρατοῦ Τιγράνῃ βοηθήσων, καὶ ἐν τῷδε παραδὺς ἐς τὴν Συρίαν Ἀντίοχος ὁ Ἀντιόχου τοῦ εὐσεβοῦς ἦρχε τῶν Σύρων ἑκόντων.
While Lucullus, the Roman general, was pursuing Mithridates who was fleeing to Tigranes, Magadates went with his army to assist Tigranes, and during this time Antiochus, the son of Antiochus Pius, having slipped into Syria, ruled over the Syrians who received him willingly.
καὶ αὐτῷ Λεύκολλος μέν, ὁ Τιγράνῃ πρῶτός τε πολεμήσας καὶ τῆς ἐπικτήτου γῆς αὐτὸν ἐξελάσας, οὐκ ἐφθόνησεν ἀρχῆς πατρῴας·
And Lucullus, who had been the first to make war on Tigranes and had driven him out of his acquired land, did not begrudge him his ancestral rule.
Πομπήιος δέ, ὁ ἐπὶ Λευκόλλῳ Μιθριδάτην ἐξελών, Τιγράνῃ μὲν Ἀρμενίας συνεχώρησεν ἄρχειν, Ἀντίοχον δὲ ἐξέβαλε τῆς Σύρων ἀρχῆς, οὐδὲν ἐς Ῥωμαίους ἁμαρτόντα, ἔργῳ μὲν ὅτι ἦν εὔκολον αὐτῷ, στρατιὰν ἔχοντι, πολλὴν ἀρχὴν ἄνοπλον ἀφελέσθαι, λόγῳ δὲ ὅτι τοὺς Σελευκίδας, ὑπὸ Τιγράνους ἐκπεσόντας, οὐκ εἰκὸς ἦν ἔτι Συρίας ἄρχειν μᾶλλον ἢ Ῥωμαίους Τιγράνην νενικηκότας.
But Pompey, who after Lucullus destroyed Mithridates, permitted Tigranes to rule Armenia, but expelled Antiochus from the rule of Syria, although he had committed no offense against the Romans; in fact, because it was easy for him, having an army, to take away a large and unarmed dominion, but in pretext, because it was not reasonable that the Seleucids, having been expelled by Tigranes, should rule Syria any longer rather than the Romans who had conquered Tigranes.
§850οὕτω μὲν δὴ Κιλικίας τε καὶ Συρίας τῆς τε μεσογείου καὶ κοίλης καὶ Φοινίκης καὶ Παλαιστίνης, καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα Συρίας ἀπὸ Εὐφράτου μέχρι Αἰγύπτου καὶ μέχρι θαλάσσης ὀνόματα, ἀμαχὶ Ῥωμαῖοι κατέσχον.
Thus the Romans, without a battle, took possession of Cilicia and Syria, both inland and Coele, and Phoenicia and Palestine, and whatever other names of Syria there were from the Euphrates to Egypt and to the sea.
ἓν δὲ γένος ἔτι τὸ Ἰουδαίων ἐνιστάμενον ὁ Πομπήιος ἐξεῖλε κατὰ κράτος, καὶ τὸν βασιλέα Ἀριστόβουλον ἔπεμψεν ἐς Ῥώμην, καὶ τὴν μεγίστην πόλιν Ἱεροσόλυμα καὶ ἁγιωτάτην αὐτοῖς κατέσκαψεν, ἣν δὴ καὶ Πτολεμαῖος ὁ πρῶτος Αἰγύπτου βασιλεὺς καθῃρήκει, καὶ Οὐεσπασιανὸς αὖθις οἰκισθεῖσαν κατέσκαψε, καὶ Ἀδριανὸς αὖθις ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ.
But the Jewish nation, which alone was still resisting, Pompey subdued by force, and sent their king Aristobulus to Rome, and demolished their greatest and holiest city, Jerusalem, which Ptolemy, the first king of Egypt, had formerly destroyed, and Vespasian again demolished after it had been rebuilt, and Hadrian again in my own time.
καὶ διὰ ταῦτʼ ἐστὶν Ἰουδαίοις ἅπασιν ὁ φόρος τῶν σωμάτων βαρύτερος τῆς ἄλλης περιοικίας.
And for this reason, the poll-tax is heavier for all Jews than for the rest of the neighboring people.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ Σύροις καὶ Κίλιξιν ἐτήσιος, ἑκατοστὴ τοῦ τιμήματος ἑκάστῳ.
There is also an annual tax for the Syrians and Cilicians, which is one-hundredth of the assessment for each.
Πομπήιος μὲν οὖν τῶνδε τῶν ὑπὸ τοῖς Σελευκίδαις γενομένων ἐθνῶν τοῖς μὲν ἐπέστησεν οἰκείους βασιλέας ἢ δυνάστας, καθὰ καὶ Γαλατῶν τῶν ἐν Ἀσίᾳ τοῖς τέσσαρσι δυνάσταις ἐβεβαίωσε τὰς τετραδαρχίας, συμμαχήσασίν οἱ κατὰ Μιθριδάτου.
Pompey, therefore, over some of these nations that had been under the Seleucids, appointed native kings or dynasts, just as he also confirmed the tetrarchies for the four dynasts of the Galatians in Asia, who had allied with him against Mithridates.
καὶ οὐ πολὺ ὕστερον καὶ τάδε περιῆλθεν ἐς Ῥωμαίους, ἐπὶ Καίσαρος μάλιστα τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ, κατὰ μέρη.
And not long afterward, these too passed to the Romans, mostly in the time of Augustus Caesar, part by part.
§851Συρίας δʼ εὐθὺς ὁ Πομπήιος Σκαῦρον τὸν ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις ἑαυτῷ γενόμενον ταμίαν ἔταξεν ἡγεῖσθαι, καὶ ἡ βουλὴ Φίλιππον ἐπὶ Σκαύρῳ τὸν Μάρκιον, καὶ Μαρκελλῖνον Λέντλον ἐπὶ τῷ Φιλίππῳ, ἄμφω στρατηγικοὺς κατʼ ἀξίωσιν.
For Syria, Pompey immediately appointed Scaurus, who had been his quaestor in the wars, to govern, and the senate appointed Marcius Philippus after Scaurus, and Marcellinus Lentulus after Philippus, both men of praetorian rank of high esteem.
ἀλλὰ τῶνδε μὲν ἑκατέρῳ διετὴς ἐτρίφθη χρόνος, τοὺς γειτονας ἐνοχλοῦντας Ἄραβας ἀμυνομένῳ.
But for each of these, a period of two years was spent in defending themselves against the neighboring Arabs who harassed them.
καὶ τοῦδε χάριν ἐς τὸ ἔπειτα ἐγένοντο Συρίας στρατηγοὶ τῶν τὰ ἐπώνυμα ἀρξάντων ἐν ἄστει, ἵνα ἔχοιεν ἐξουσίαν καταλόγου τε στρατιᾶς καὶ πολέμου οἷα ὕπατοι.
And for this reason, thereafter governors of Syria were chosen from those who had held the eponymous offices in the city, so that they might have the authority to levy an army and make war like consuls.
καὶ πρῶτος ἐκ τῶνδε ἐπέμφθη Γαβίνιος μετὰ στρατιᾶς.
And Gabinius was the first of these to be sent with an army.
καὶ πολεμεῖν αὐτὸν ὁρμῶντα Μιθριδάτης μὲν ὁ Παρθυαίων βασιλεύς, ἐξελαυνόμενος τῆς ἀρχῆς ὑπʼ Ὀρώδου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ, μετῆγεν ἐξ Ἀράβων ἐπὶ Παρθυαίους, Πτολεμαῖος δὲ αὐτόν, ὁ ἑνδέκατος Αἰγύπτου βασιλεύς, ἐκπεσὼν καὶ ὅδε τῆς ἀρχῆς, μετέπεισε χρήμασι πολλοῖς ἀντὶ Παρθυαίων ἐπὶ Ἀλεξανδρέας ὁρμῆσαι.
As he was setting out for war, Mithridates, the king of the Parthians, who had been expelled from his rule by his brother Orodes, tried to turn him from the Arabs against the Parthians; but Ptolemy, the eleventh king of Egypt, who had also been expelled from his rule, persuaded him with a large sum of money to march against the Alexandrians instead of the Parthians.
καὶ κατήγαγε μὲν τὸν Πτολεμαῖον ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὁ Γαβίνιος, Ἀλεξανδρεῦσι πολεμήσας, ὑπὸ δὲ τῆς Ῥωμαίων βουλῆς ἔφυγεν ἐπὶ τῷ ἄνευ ψηφίσματος ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἐμβαλεῖν, ἐπὶ πολέμῳ Ῥωμαίοις ἀπαισίῳ νομιζομένῳ·
And Gabinius restored Ptolemy to his rule after making war on the Alexandrians, but was exiled by the Roman senate for invading Egypt without a decree, which was considered an ill-omened war by the Romans, for there was a Sibylline oracle forbidding it.
ἦν γάρ τι Σιβύλλειον αὐτοῖς ἀπαγορεῦον. ἐπὶ δὲ Γαβινίῳ μοι δοκεῖ Κράσσος ἄρξαι Σύρων, ὅτῳ πολεμούντι Παρθυαίοις ἡ μεγάλη συμφορὰ γίγνεται.
After Gabinius, it seems to me that Crassus ruled the Syrians, during whose war against the Parthians the great disaster occurred.
καὶ ἐπὶ Λευκίου Βύβλου μετὰ Κράσσον στρατηγοῦντος Συρίας ἐς τὴν Συρίαν ἐσέβαλον οἱ Παρθυαῖοι.
And after Crassus, while Lucius Bibulus was governing Syria, the Parthians invaded Syria.
Σάξα δὲ μετὰ Βύβλον ἡγουμένου καὶ τὰ μέχρι Ἰωνίας ἐπέδραμον, ἀσχολουμένων Ῥωμαίων ἐς τὰ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλους ἐμφύλια.
And while Saxa was governing after Bibulus, they even overran the territory as far as Ionia, while the Romans were occupied with their civil wars against one another.