Humanitext Reader

Appian · Numidian Affairs §I-V

The Jugurthine War and the Plots of Bocchus

Passage 1 of 1 · Greek

Summary

It describes the flight of Bomilcar, the military operations of Metellus, and the peace negotiations and ambush involving Bocchus, Marius, and Sulla during the Jugurthine War.

§I"ὅτι Βομίλχας κατηγορούμενος ἔφυγε πρὸ δίκης, καὶ Ἰογόρθας σὺν αὐτῷ, τοῦτο δὴ τὸ περιφερόμενον ἐς τοὺς δωροδοκοῦντας εἰπών, ὅτι Ῥωμαίων ἡ πόλις ἐστὶν ὠνία πᾶσα, εἴ τις ὠνητὴς αὐτῆς εὑρεθείη. "
That Bomilcar, having been accused, fled before his trial, and Jugurtha with him, after saying that widely circulated saying directed at those who accept bribes, that the city of the Romans is entirely up for sale, if any buyer for it could be found.
§II"ὅτι Μέτελλος ἀνεζεύγνυεν ἐς Λιβύην τὴν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίοις αἰτίαν ἔχων παρὰ τῷ στρατῷ βραδυτῆτος ἐς τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ ἐπὶ σφίσιν ὠμότητος· σφόδρα γὰρ τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐκόλαζεν. "
That Metellus withdrew to Libya, bearing a charge among the army of slowness against the enemy and of cruelty toward themselves; for he punished those who did wrong very severely.
§III"ὅτι Μέτελλος Βαγαίων ἀνῄρει τὴν βουλὴν ὅλην ὡς τὴν φρουρὰν προδόντας Ἰογόρθᾳ, καὶ τὸν φρούραρχον Τουρπίλιον, ἄνδρα Ῥωμαῖον οὐκ ἀνυπόπτως ἑαυτὸν ἐγχειρίσαντα τοῖς πολεμίοις, ἐπαπκέτεινε τῇ βουλῇ.
That Metellus executed the entire senate of the Vagaeans on the ground that they had betrayed the garrison to Jugurtha, and also killed the garrison commander Turpilius, a Roman citizen who had surrendered himself to the enemy not without suspicion, in addition to the senate.
Θρᾷκας δὲ καὶ Λίγυας αὐτομόλους λαβὼν παρὰ Ἰογόρθα, τῶν μὲν τὰς χεῖρας ἀπέτεμνε, τοὺς δὲ ἐς τὴν γῆν μέχρι γαστρὸς κατώρυσσε, καὶ περιτοξεύων ἢ ἐσακοντίζων ἔτι ἐμπνέουσι πῦρ ὑπετίθει. "
Having received Thracian and Ligurian deserters from Jugurtha, he cut off the hands of some, buried others in the ground up to their bellies, and while they were still breathing, shot arrows or threw javelins at them and set fire beneath them.
§IV"ὅτι τοῦ Μαρίου ἐς Κίρταν ἀφικομένου πρέσβεις Βόκχου παρῆσαν, οἳ πεμφθῆναί τινας ἐς λόγους Βόκχῳ παρεκάλουν.
That when Marius arrived at Cirta, envoys from Bocchus were present, who requested that some people be sent to speak with Bocchus.
καὶ ἐπέμφθησαν Αὖλός τε Μάλλιος ὁ πρεσβευτὴς καὶ Κορνήλιος Σύλλας ὁ ταμίας, οἷς ὁ Βόκχος ἔφη Ῥωμαίοις πολεμῆσαι διὰ Μάριον· γῆν γὰρ ἣν αὐτὸς Ἰογόρθαν ἀφείλετο, πρὸς Μαρίου νῦν ἀφῃρῆσθαι.
And Aulus Manlius the envoy and Cornelius Sulla the quaestor were sent, to whom Bocchus said that he had made war on the Romans because of Marius; for the land which he himself had taken from Jugurtha was now taken away by Marius.
Βόκχος μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἐνεκάλει, Μάλλιος δʼ ἔφη τὴν γῆν τήνδε Ῥωμαίους ἀφελέσθαι Σύφακα πολέμου νόμῳ καὶ δοῦναι Μασσανάσσῃ δωρεάν, διδόναι δὲ Ῥωμαίους τὰς δωρεὰς ἔχειν τοῖς λαβοῦσιν ἕως ἂν τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ δοκῇ.
Bocchus indeed made these complaints, but Manlius said that the Romans had taken this land from Syphax by the law of war and given it to Massinissa as a gift, and that the Romans grant gifts to be held by those who receive them as long as it seems good to the senate and the people.
οὐ μὴν ἀλόγως μεταγνῶναι· Μασσανάσσην τε γὰρ ἀποθανεῖν, καὶ τοὺς Μασσανάσσου παῖδας Ἰογόρθαν κατακαίνοντα Ῥωμαίοις πολέμιον γενέσθαι.
However, they did not change their minds without reason; for Massinissa had died, and Jugurtha, by burning Massinissa's children, had become an enemy to the Romans.
οὐκ οὖν ἔτι εἶναι δίκαιον οὔτε τὸν πολέμιον ἔχειν δωρεὰν ἣν ἔδομεν φίλῳ, οὔτε σὲ δοκεῖν Ἰογόρθαν ἀφαιρεῖσθαι τὰ Ῥωμαίων.
Therefore, it was no longer just either for the enemy to hold a gift which we gave to a friend, or for you to appear to deprive the Romans of Jugurtha's possessions.
καὶ Μάλλιος μὲν τάδε περὶ τῆς γῆς ἔλεξεν. "
And Manlius spoke thus concerning the land.
§V"ὅτι ὁ Βόκχος ἑτέρους ἔπεμψε πρέσβεις, οἳ Μαρίου μὲν ἔμελλον περὶ εἰρήνης δεήσεσθαι, Σύλλα δὲ ἵνα συμπράξειεν ἐς τὰς διαλύσεις.
That Bocchus sent other envoys, who were to beg Marius for peace, and Sulla to cooperate in the negotiations.
λῃστευθέντας δʼ ἐν ὁδῷ τοὺς πρέσβεις τούσδε ὁ Σύλλας ὑπεδέξατο, καὶ ξενίζει μέχρι Μάριον ἀπὸ Γαιτούλων ἐπανελθεῖν.
Sulla received these envoys, who had been robbed on the road, and entertained them until Marius returned from the Gaetulians.
παρῄνει δὲ Βόκχον διδάσκειν ὅτι χρὴ Σύλλᾳ πείθεσθαι περὶ ἁπάντων.
And he advised them to instruct Bocchus that he must obey Sulla in all things.
ἐνδιδοὺς οὖν ἤδη πρὸς τὴν τοῦ Ἰογόρθα προδοσίαν ὁ Βόκχος, ἐς μὲν ὑπόκρισιν ἐπʼ ἄλλον στρατὸν περιέπεμπεν ἐς Αἰθίοπας τοὺς γείτονας, οἳ ἐπὶ ἑσπέραν ἀπὸ τῶν ἑώων Αἰθιόπων διήκουσιν ἐς τὸ Μαυρούσιον ὄρος ὃ καλοῦσιν Ἄτλαντα, Μάριον δʼ ἠξίου Σύλλαν οἱ πέμψαι συνελθεῖν ἐς λόγους.
Thereupon Bocchus, already giving in to the betrayal of Jugurtha, for the sake of pretense sent messengers around to the neighboring Ethiopians for another army, who extend from the eastern Ethiopians westward to the Maurusian mountain which they call Atlas, and requested Marius to send Sulla to him to confer.
καὶ Μάριος μὲν ἔπεμπε τὸν Σύλλαν, Ἄψαρα δὲ Ἰογόρθα φίλον, ἐν Βόκχου καταλελειμμένον ἐφορᾶν τὰ γιγνόμενα, αὐτός τε Βόκχος καὶ Μαγδάλσης φίλος Βόκχου, καί τις ἐξελεύθερος ἀνδρὸς Καρχηδονίου, Κορνήλιος, ἐνήδρευσαν ὧδε. "
And Marius sent Sulla, but Apsaras, a friend of Jugurtha who had been left at Bocchus' court to observe what was happening, and Bocchus himself, and Magdalses, a friend of Bocchus, and a certain freedman of a Carthaginian man, Copernicus, laid an ambush in this manner.

Notes

  1. 1ὅτι — An introductory particle used in excerpt manuscripts (Excerpta) to initiate the summary of each episode. To reflect this, the main verbs are translated as noun clauses ('That...').
  2. 1εἴ τις ὠνητὴς αὐτῆς εὑρεθείη — The optative (εὑρεθείη) is used in the conditional clause because it functions as an oblique optative after an implied past sequence, representing a potential condition: 'if any buyer should be found.'
  3. 2αἰτίαν ἔχων ... βραδυτῆτος ... καὶ ... ὠμότητος — The genitives βραδυτῆτος (slowness) and ὠμότητος (cruelty) depend on the noun αἰτίαν (charge/accusation), indicating the content of the charge.
  4. 3ὡς τὴν φρουρὰν προδόντας — The particle ὡς with the participle (προδόντας) expresses the subjective reason or alleged ground in the mind of the subject (Metellus): 'on the ground that they had betrayed.'
  5. 3ἐπαπκέτεινε τῇ βουλῇ — The manuscript reading ἐπαπκέτεινε is a corruption of ἐπαπέκτεινε (aorist of ἐπαποκτείνω). The prefix ἐπί- ('in addition to') combined with the dative τῇ βουλῇ means 'he killed [Turpilius] in addition to the senate.'
  6. 4Ἰογόρθαν ἀφαιρεῖσθαι τὰ Ῥωμαίων — The infinitive ἀφαιρεῖσθαι can be taken as middle ('to deprive') or passive ('to be deprived'). In this context of Manlius's rebuke to Bocchus, Ἰογόρθαν is best understood as the subject of the infinitive, meaning 'nor for you to appear [to let] Jugurtha deprive the Romans of their property.'

Cite this passage

Appian, Numidian Affairs §I-V. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0551.tlg010.humanitext-grc2:I-V

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