§IV#1"ὅτι Σαυνῖται ἐς τὴν Φρεγελλανῶν ἐμβαλόντες ἐπόρθουν, Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ Σαυνιτῶν καὶ Δαυνίων ὀγδοήκοντα κώμας καὶ μίαν εἷλον, καὶ ἄνδρας ἐξ αὐτῶν χιλίους καὶ δισμυρίους ἀνελόντες ἀπανέστησαν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς Φρεγέλλης.
That the Samnites invaded the territory of Fregellae and laid it waste, but the Romans took eighty-one villages of the Samnites and Daunians, and, having slain twelve thousand of them, forced them to withdraw from Fregellae.
καὶ πάλιν ἐς Ῥώμην ἐπρέσβευον οἱ Σαυνῖται, νεκρὰ σώματα ἀνδρῶν φέροντες ὡς αἰτίους τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου γεγονότας ἀνῃρηκότες, καὶ χρυσίον ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκείνων περιουσίας πεπορισμένον.
And the Samnites again sent ambassadors to Rome, bringing the bodies of the men they had slain as being responsible for this war, and gold as having been procured from their property.
ἐφʼ οἷς αὐτοὺς ἡ βουλὴ πάνυ νομίζουσα τετρῦσθαι, προσεδόκα κακοπαθοῦντας ἐνδώσειν περὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας.
Seeing this, the Senate, thinking they were completely exhausted, expected that in their distress they would yield concerning the hegemony.
οἱ δὲ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ἐδέχοντο, καὶ εἴ τι καὶ ἀντέλεγον, ἢ παρῃτοῦντο καὶ παρεκάλουν ἢ ἐς τὰς πόλεις ἀνετίθεντο· περὶ δὲ τῆς ἡγεμονίας οὐκ ἀνασχόμενοι πάλιν οὐδʼ ἀκοῦσαι, οὐκ ἐκδωσόμενοι δὴ τὰς πόλεις ἔφασαν ἥκειν, ἀλλʼ ἐς φιλίαν συνάξοντες.
But they accepted the other terms, and if they made any objection, they either pleaded and entreated or referred it back to their cities; but concerning the hegemony, unable to bear even to hear of it again, they said they had come not to surrender their cities, but to bring about friendship.
λυσάμενοι δὴ τοῦ χρυσίου τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἀπῄεσαν ὀργῇ, καὶ τὴν πεῖραν ἔχοντες τὴν περὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας.
So, having ransomed their captives with the gold, they departed in anger, having experienced the trial concerning the hegemony.
καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν ἐψηφίζοντο μηδὲ πρεσβείας ἔτι παρὰ Σαυνιτῶν προσίεσθαι, ἀλλʼ ἄσπονδον καὶ ἀκήρυκτον πόλεμον αὐτοῖς πολεμεῖν ἕως κατὰ κράτος ἐξέλωσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐνεμέσησε τῆς μεγαληγορίας, καὶ ὕστερον ἡττήθησαν ὑπὸ Σαυνιτῶν καὶ ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤχθησαν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι.
And the Romans voted no longer even to admit embassies from the Samnites, but to wage an implacable and unheralded war against them until they should utterly destroy them. But God was indignant at their boastfulness, and later the Romans were defeated by the Samnites and led under the yoke.
ἐς γὰρ στενώτατον χῶρον τούτους συγκλείσαντες οἱ Σαυνῖται τοῦ Ποντίου σφῶν στρατηγοῦντος, καὶ λιμῷ πιεζομένων Ῥωμαίων, οἱ στρατηγοὶ σφῶν πρεσβευσάμενοι παρεκάλουν τὸν Πόντιον καταθέσθαι Ῥωμαίοις χάριν, ἣν οὐ πολλοὶ παρέχουσι καιροί.
For the Samnites hemmed them in a very narrow space under the command of Pontius, and when the Romans were pressed by hunger, their generals sent ambassadors and entreated Pontius to bestow a favor upon the Romans, which few occasions afford.
ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο μὴ δεῖν μηδὲ πρεσβεύειν ἔτι πρὸς αὐτόν, εἰ μὴ τὰ ὅπλα καὶ αὑτοὺς παραδοῖεν.
But he replied that they should not even send embassies to him anymore, unless they surrendered their weapons and themselves.
θρῆνος οὖν ἦν οἷα πόλεως ἁλούσης.
There was therefore a lamentation as if a city had been captured.
καὶ οἱ στρατηγοὶ διέτριψαν μὲν ἔτι ἄλλας ἡμέρας, ὀκνοῦντες ἀνάξιόν τι τῆς πόλεως ἐργάσασθαι· ὡς δʼ οὔτε μηχανὴ σωτηρίας ἐφαίνετο, ὅ τε λιμὸς ἐπίεζεν αὐτούς, καὶ νεότης ἦν πέντε μυριάδων, ἣν ὤκνουν φθειρομένην ὑπεριδεῖν, ἐπέτρεψαν ἑαυτοὺς τῷ Ποντίῳ, καὶ παρεκάλουν, εἴτε κτείνειν εἴτε πωλεῖν εἴτε φυλάσσειν ἐπὶ λύτροις ἕλοιτο, μηδὲν ἐς σώματα ἀνδρῶν ἀτυχούντων ὑβρίσαι.
And the generals delayed for some days more, hesitating to do anything unworthy of the city; but when no means of safety appeared, and hunger pressed them, and there was a youth of fifty thousand whom they hesitated to look upon as perishing, they surrendered themselves to Pontius, and entreated that, whether he chose to kill, to sell, or to keep them for ransom, he should commit no outrage upon the bodies of unfortunate men.
ὁ δὲ τῷ πατρὶ συνεβουλεύετο, μεταπεμψάμενος αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ Καυδίου, φερόμενον ὑπὸ γήρως ἁμάξῃ.
But he consulted with his father, having sent for him from Caudium, who was carried in a wagon because of his old age.
καὶ ὁ πρεσβύτης ἔφη,
ἓν ἔστιν, ὦ παῖ, μεγάλης ἔχθρας φάρμακον, εὐεργεσίας ἢ κολάσεως ὑπερβολή.
And the old man said: "There is, my son, one remedy for a great enmity, an excess either of benefit or of punishment.
αἱ μὲν οὖν κολάσεις καταπλήσσουσιν, αἱ δὲ εὐεργεσίαι προσάγονται.
For punishments strike terror, but benefits win men over.
ἴσθι νίκην τήνδε πρώτην καὶ μεγίστην, θησαυρίζειν τὴν εὐτυχίαν· καὶ πάντας ἀπόλυσον ἀπαθεῖς, μήτʼ ἐνυβρίσας μήτʼ ἀφελόμενος μηδέν, ἵνα σῶον ᾖ σοι τὸ μέγεθος τῆς εὐεργεσίας.
Know this to be your first and greatest victory, to store up good fortune; and release them all unharmed, neither insulting them nor taking anything from them, so that the magnitude of your benefit may remain intact.
εἰσὶ δʼ, ὡς ἀκούω, φιλοτιμότατοι.
And they are, as I hear, most competitive for honor.
ἀλλὰ μόναις εὐεργεσίαις ἡττώμενοι διαγωνιοῦνταί σοι περὶ τῆσδε τῆς χάριτος.
But defeated by benefits alone, they will contend with you for this favor.
ἔχεις ἐνέχυρον τήνδε τὴν εὐεργεσίαν εἰρήνης ἀθανάτου λαβεῖν.
You have this benefit as a pledge to receive eternal peace.
ἢν δέ σε ταῦτα μὴ πείθῃ, κτεῖνον ἅπαντας ὁμαλῶς, μηδʼ ἄγγελον ὑπολιπών.
But if this does not persuade you, kill them all alike, not even leaving a messenger.
λέγω δʼ ἐκεῖνα μὲν αἱρούμενος, ταῦτα δʼ ὡς ἀναγκαῖα.
I say the former choosing it, and the latter as necessary.
Ῥωμαῖοι γὰρ ὁτιοῦν ὑβρισθέντες ἀμυνοῦνταί σε πάντως· ἀμυνεῖσθαι δὲ μέλλοντας αὐτοὺς προκατάβλαπτε.
For the Romans, if outraged in any way, will certainly avenge themselves upon you; but block them beforehand when they are about to avenge themselves.
μεῖζον δʼ οὐκ ἂν εὕροις βλάβος νέων ὁμοῦ πέντε μυριάδων. ὁ μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπεν, ὁ δὲ παῖς ἀντέλεξεν· ὅτι μέν, ὦ πάτερ, ἐναντιώτατα εἶπας ἀλλήλοις, οὐ θαυμάζω· προεῖπας γὰρ ἐρεῖν ὑπερβολὰς ἑκατέρων.
And you could find no greater damage than fifty thousand young men at once." The father said these things, but the son replied: "That you have spoken things most contrary to each other, father, I do not wonder; for you foretold that you would speak the excesses of both.
ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ κτενῶ μὲν ἄνδρας τοσούτους, νέμεσίν τε θεοῦ φυλασσόμενος καὶ φθόνον ἀνθρώπων αἰδούμενος, καὶ τὰ ἔθνη τὰς ἐς ἀλλήλους ἐλπίδας οὐκ ἀφαιρήσομαι διʼ ἀνηκέστου κακοῦ.
But I will not kill so many men, both guarding against the vengeance of God and respecting the envy of men, nor will I deprive nations of their hopes toward one another by an incurable evil.
περὶ δὲ τῆς ἀφέσεως οὐδʼ αὐτῷ μέν μοι δοκεῖ, Ῥωμαίων πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ δεδρακότων ἡμᾶς, καὶ χωρία καὶ πόλεις ἡμετέρας ἔτι νῦν ἐχόντων, τούσδε τοὺς εἰλημμένους ἀπολύειν παντὸς ἀπαθεῖς.
But concerning their release, it does not seem fit even to myself, since the Romans have done many terrible things to us and still hold our lands and cities, to release these captives completely unharmed.
οὐ ποιήσω· ἐμπληξία γὰρ ἡ ἄλογος φιλανθρωπία.
I will not do it; for irrational benevolence is folly.
ἐπισκόπει δέ, παρεὶς ἐμέ, καὶ τὸ τῶν Σαυνιτῶν· ὧν παῖδες καὶ πατέρες καὶ ἀδελφοὶ τεθνᾶσιν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, καὶ κτήματα καὶ χρήματα ἀφῃρημένοι χρῄζουσι παραμυθίας· φύσει δὲ γαῦρον ὁ νενικηκώς, καὶ τὰ κέρδη περιβλέπονται.
And consider, leaving me aside, also the situation of the Samnites; whose children and fathers and brothers have died at the hands of the Romans, and who, deprived of possessions and money, need consolation; and the victor is by nature proud, and they look around for profits.
τίς οὖν ἀνέξεταί μου τούσδε μὴ κτείνειν μηδὲ πωλεῖν μηδὲ ζημιοῦν, ἀλλʼ ὡς εὐεργέτας ἀπαθεῖς προπέμπειν;
Who then will tolerate my not killing, nor selling, nor punishing these men, but sending them on their way unharmed as if they were benefactors?
διὰ μὲν δὴ ταῦτα παρῶμεν τὰς ὑπερβολάς, ἐπεὶ τῆς μὲν οὐ κύριος ἐγώ, τῆς δʼ ἀπανθρωποτέρας οὐκ ἀνέχομαι· ὡς δʼ ἂν καὶ Ῥωμαίων τι τοῦ φρονήματος περιέλοιμι καὶ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους ἀδιάβλητος εἴην, ὅπλα μὲν αὐτούς, οἷς ἐχρήσαντο ἀεὶ καθʼ ἡμῶν, ἀφαιρήσομαι καὶ χρήματα (καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα ἔχουσι παρʼ ἡμῶν), ἐκπέμψω δʼ ὑπὸ ζυγὸν σώους, ᾗ τινὶ αἰσχύνῃ καὶ αὐτοὶ κατʼ ἄλλων ἐχρήσαντο, καὶ εἰρήνην εἶναι τοῖς ἔθνεσι συνθήσομαι, τῶν τε ἱππέων ἐπιλέξομαι τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους ὅμηρα τῶνδε τῶν συνθηκῶν, ἕως ἅπας ὁ δῆμος ἐπιψηφίσῃ.
For these reasons, therefore, let us dismiss the excesses, since of the one I am not master, and the other more inhuman one I cannot bear; but in order that I may both strip away some of the pride of the Romans and be blameless toward others, I will take away their weapons, which they always used against us, and their money (for they have these from us), and I will send them out unharmed under the yoke, a shame which they themselves used against others, and I will agree that there be peace for the nations, and I will select the most illustrious of the horsemen as hostages of these treaties, until the whole people votes on it.
καὶ τάδε ποιῶν ἡγοῦμαι νενικηκότος τε ἔργα ποιήσειν καὶ φιλανθρώπου, Ῥωμαίους τε ἀγαπήσειν ὅσα καὶ αὐτοί, φάσκοντες ἀρετῆς ἀντιποιεῖσθαι, πολλάκις ἐς ἄλλους ἔδρασαν. "
And doing these things, I believe I shall perform the deeds of a victor and a humanitarian, and the Romans will be content with what they themselves, claiming to contend for virtue, often did to others."