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Polybius · The Histories §9.29.1-9.29.12

Oppression by Successors and True Aims of Antigonus

Passage 630 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The speaker recounts the harsh Greek policies of Macedonian rulers after Alexander and argues that the last Antigonus's intervention against Sparta was driven by fear and envy rather than goodwill, aiming solely to suppress Spartan power.

§9.29.1καὶ μὴν περὶ τῶν διαδεξαμένων τούτου τὰ πράγματα πῶς κέχρηνται τοῖς Ἕλλησι, τί με δεῖ κατὰ μέρος λέγειν;
And indeed, concerning those who succeeded to his administration, how they treated the Greeks, why do I need to speak in detail?
§9.29.2οὐδεὶς γάρ ἐστι τῶν ὄντων οὕτως ἀπράγμων ὃς οὐχὶ πέπυσται πῶς Ἀντίπατρος μὲν ἐν τῇ περὶ Λαμίαν μάχῃ νικήσας τοὺς Ἕλληνας κάκιστα μὲν ἐχρήσατο τοῖς ταλαιπώροις Ἀθηναίοις, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις, §9.29.3εἰς τοῦτο δʼ ὕβρεως ἦλθε καὶ παρανομίας ὡς φυγαδοθήρας καταστήσας ἐξέπεμψε πρὸς τὰς πόλεις ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀντειρηκότας ἢ καθόλου λελυπηκότας τι τὴν Μακεδόνων οἰκίαν.
For there is no one among living men so indifferent to affairs who has not heard how Antipater, having defeated the Greeks in the battle around Lamia, treated the wretched Athenians most harshly, and likewise the others as well, and reached such a pitch of insolence and lawlessness that he appointed and sent out exile-hunters to the cities after those who had spoken against them or had in general done any harm to the house of the Macedonians.
§9.29.4ὧν οἱ μὲν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν ἀγόμενοι μετὰ βίας, οἱ δʼ ἀπὸ τῶν βωμῶν ἀποσπώμενοι, μετὰ τιμωρίας ἀπέθνησκον, οἱ δὲ διαφυγόντες ἐκ πάσης ἐξενηλατοῦντο τῆς Ἑλλάδος· φύξιμον γὰρ οὐδὲν ἦν πλὴν ἑνὸς αὐτοῖς τοῦ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ἔθνους.
Of these, some were dragged by force from the temples, and others were torn away from the altars and died under punishment, while those who escaped were banished from the whole of Greece; for there was no place of refuge for them except only the nation of the Aetolians.
§9.29.5τά γε μὴν Κασσάνδρῳ καὶ Δημητρίῳ πεπραγμένα, σὺν δὲ τούτοις Ἀντιγόνῳ τῷ Γονατᾷ, τίς οὐκ οἶδε;
Moreover, who does not know the deeds done by Cassander and Demetrius, and in addition to these, by Antigonus Gonatas?
διὰ γὰρ τὸ προσφάτως αὐτὰ γεγονέναι τελέως ἐναργῆ συμβαίνει τὴν γνῶσιν αὐτῶν ὑπάρχειν.
For because these things happened recently, it turns out that the knowledge of them is completely vivid.
§9.29.6ὧν οἱ μὲν φρουρὰς εἰσάγοντες εἰς τὰς πόλεις, οἱ δὲ τυράννους ἐμφυτεύοντες οὐδεμίαν πόλιν ἄμοιρον ἐποίησαν τοῦ τῆς δουλείας ὀνόματος.
Of whom some, by introducing garrisons into the cities, and others, by planting tyrants, left no city without a share in the name of slavery.
§9.29.7ἀφέμενος δὲ τούτων ἐπάνειμι νῦν ἐπὶ τὸν τελευταῖον Ἀντίγονον, ἵνα μὴ τὴν ἐκ τούτου πρᾶξιν ἀκάκως τινὲς ὑμῶν θεωροῦντες ὑπόχρεοι χάριτι νομίζωσιν εἶναι Μακεδόσιν.
But leaving these aside, I will now return to the last Antigonus, so that some of you, looking at his action in an innocent manner, may not think that you are indebted with gratitude to the Macedonians.
§9.29.8οὔτε γὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς σῴζειν προαιρούμενος Ἀντίγονος ἐπανείλετο τὸν πρὸς ὑμᾶς πόλεμον οὔτε τῇ Κλεομένους τυραννίδι δυσαρεστούμενος, ἵνα Λακεδαιμονίους ἐλευθερώσῃ· §9.29.9καὶ λίαν γὰρ ὅ γε τοιοῦτός ἐστι τρόπος εὐήθης, εἴ τις ἄρα ταύτην ὑμῶν ἔχει τὴν διάληψιν· §9.29.10ἀλλʼ ὁρῶν οὐκ ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δυναστείαν ἐσομένην, ἐὰν ὑμεῖς τὴν Πελοποννησίων ἀρχὴν κατακτήσησθε, πρὸς δὲ τοῦτο βλέπων εὖ πεφυκότα τὸν Κλεομένην καὶ τὴν τύχην ὑμῖν λαμπρῶς συνεργοῦσαν, §9.29.11ἅμα φοβηθεὶς καὶ φθονήσας παρῆν, οὐ Πελοποννησίοις βοηθήσων, ἀλλὰ τὰς ὑμετέρας ἐλπίδας ἀφελούμενος καὶ τὴν ὑμετέραν ὑπεροχὴν ταπεινώσων.
For neither did Antigonus undertake the war against you with the intention of saving the Achaeans, nor because he was displeased with the tyranny of Cleomenes, in order to liberate the Lacedaemonians; for such a disposition is indeed utterly foolish, if any of you, after all, holds this opinion; but because he saw that his own hegemony would not be secure if you should acquire the rule over the Peloponnesians, and looking besides to this, that Cleomenes was well endowed by nature and that fortune was brilliantly co-operating with you, having become at once afraid and envious, he appeared, not to help the Peloponnesians, but to take away your hopes and to humble your pre-eminence.
§9.29.12διόπερ οὐκ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἀγαπᾶν ὀφείλετε Μακεδόνας, ὅτι κυριεύσαντες τῆς πόλεως οὐ διήρπασαν, ἐφʼ ὅσον ἐχθροὺς νομίζειν καὶ μισεῖν, ὅτι δυναμένους ὑμᾶς ἡγεῖσθαι τῆς Ἑλλάδος πλεονάκις ἤδη κεκωλύκασι.
Therefore, you ought not to love the Macedonians so much because, having become masters of the city, they did not plunder it, as to consider them enemies and hate them because they have already many times prevented you when you were able to lead Greece.

Notes

  1. §9.29.1περὶ τῶν διαδεξαμένων τούτου τὰ πράγματα πῶς κέχρηνται τοῖς Ἕλλησι — A genitive noun phrase (περὶ τῶν διαδεξαμένων...) followed by an indirect question clause (πῶς κέχρηνται...). This can be interpreted as a proleptic construction where the former is anticipated, or the entire block is governed by the preposition περὶ. It is translated here as a unified topic.
  2. §9.29.3εἰς τοῦτο δʼ ὕβρεως ἦλθε καὶ παρανομίας ὡς... — The demonstrative with genitive (εἰς τοῦτο ὕβρεως) means "reached such a pitch of insolence." The subsequent ὡς introduces a consecutive clause expressing result, emphasizing the extreme nature of Antipater's actions.
  3. §9.29.12οὐκ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἀγαπᾶν ὀφείλετε ... ἐφʼ ὅσον ἐχθροὺς νομίζειν καὶ μισεῖν — The correlative construction οὐκ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον... ἐφʼ ὅσον... expresses a comparison of degree. It indicates that "you ought not to love them to such an extent (for the former reason) as you ought to consider them enemies and hate them (for the latter reason)," presenting an asymmetrical obligation. The contrast is supported by the corresponding ὅτι clauses.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §9.29.1-9.29.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.29.1-9.29.12

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