§9.12.1πολλὴν μὲν ἐπισκέψεως χρείαν ἔχει τὰ συμβαίνοντα περὶ τὰς πολεμικὰς ἐπιβολάς· ἔστι δὲ δυνατὸν ἐν ἑκάστοις αὐτῶν εὐστοχεῖν, ἐὰν σὺν νῷ τις πράττῃ τὸ προτεθέν.
The events connected with military undertakings require much consideration; yet it is possible to succeed in each of them, if one carries out the proposed task with intelligence.
§9.12.2ὅτι μὲν οὖν ἐστι τῶν κατὰ πόλεμον ἔργων ἐλάττω τὰ προδήλως καὶ μετὰ βίας ἐπιτελούμενα τῶν μετὰ δόλου καὶ σὺν καιρῷ πραττομένων, εὐχερὲς τῷ βουλομένῳ καταμαθεῖν ἐκ τῶν ἤδη γεγονότων·
Now, that among military operations those which are performed openly and by force are fewer than those done with deceit and at the right moment, is easy for anyone who wishes to learn from past events.
§9.12.3ὅτι γε μὴν αὐτῶν τῶν ἐν καιρῷ πάλιν ἐνεργουμένων πλείω γίνεται τὰ διαμαρτανόμενα τῶν κατορθουμένων, οὐδὲ τοῦτο γνῶναι χαλεπὸν ἐκ τῶν συμβαινόντων.
Furthermore, that among those very actions which are set in motion at the right moment, the failures are more numerous than the successes, is also not difficult to grasp from actual occurrences.
§9.12.4καὶ μὴν διότι παρὰ τὰς τῶν ἡγουμένων ἀγνοίας ἢ ῥᾳθυμίας ἐπιτελεῖται τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, οὐδεὶς ἂν τοῦτʼ ἀπορήσειε.
And indeed, that the majority of failures are committed owing to the ignorance or negligence of the leaders, no one would doubt.
§9.12.5τίς οὖν ὁ τρόπος τῆς τοιαύτης διαθέσεως σκοπεῖν ἤδη πάρεστι.
It is now time, then, to examine what the nature of such a state of affairs is.
§9.12.6τὰ μὲν οὖν ἀπροθέτως ἐν τοῖς πολεμικοῖς συμβαίνοντα πράξεις μὲν οὐδαμῶς ἁρμόζει λέγειν, περιπετείας δὲ καὶ συγκυρήσεις μᾶλλον· §9.12.7διὸ καὶ λόγον οὐκ ἔχοντα μεθοδικὸν οὐδʼ ἑστῶτα παραλειπέσθω· τὰ δὲ κατὰ πρόθεσιν ἐνεργούμενα, ταῦτα δηλούσθω· περὶ ὧν ὁ νῦν δὴ λόγος.
Now, occurrences in war that happen without premeditation cannot by any means properly be called "actions," but rather "accidents" and "coincidences"; therefore, as they possess no systematic method or fixed rule, let them be passed over; but those which are set in motion by design, these must be explained, and it is with these that our present discourse is concerned.
§9.12.8πάσης δὴ πράξεως ἐχούσης καιρὸν ὡρισμένον καὶ διάστημα καὶ τόπον, καὶ προσδεομένης τοῦ λαθεῖν καὶ συνθημάτων ὡρισμένων, ἔτι δὲ καὶ διʼ ὧν καὶ μεθʼ ὧν καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ πραχθήσεται, §9.12.9φανερὸν ὡς ὁ μὲν ἑκάστου τούτων εὐστοχήσας οὐχ ἁμαρτήσεται τῆς ἐπιβολῆς, ὁ δʼ ἑνὸς ὀλιγωρήσας σφαλήσεται τῆς ὅλης προθέσεως.
Since, indeed, every action has its appointed time, duration, and place, and requires secrecy and fixed signals, and furthermore, means by which, agents with whom, and the manner in which it is to be performed, it is clear that he who succeeds in each of these details will not fail in his undertaking, whereas he who neglects even one will fail in his entire purpose.
§9.12.10οὕτως ἡ φύσις πρὸς τὰς ἀποτυχίας τῶν ἐπινοηθέντων ἱκανὸν ἓν καὶ τὸ τυχὸν ἐποίησε τῶν κατὰ μέρος· πρὸς δὲ
Thus nature, for the failure of planned undertakings, has made any single chance detail among the parts sufficient; but for [success...]