§6.47.1ἤδη διέξιμεν.
we shall now explain.
ἐγὼ γὰρ οἶμαι δύʼ ἀρχὰς εἶναι πάσης πολιτείας, διʼ ὧν αἱρετὰς ἢ φευκτὰς συμβαίνει γίνεσθαι τάς τε δυνάμεις αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς συστάσεις· αὗται δʼ εἰσὶν ἔθη καὶ νόμοι·
For I believe that there are two principles of every constitution, through which their powers and constitutions happen to become desirable or avoidable; and these are customs and laws.
§6.47.2ὧν τὰ μὲν αἱρετὰ τούς τε κατʼ ἰδίαν βίους τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὁσίους ἀποτελεῖ καὶ σώφρονας τό τε κοινὸν ἦθος τῆς πόλεως ἥμερον ἀπεργάζεται καὶ δίκαιον, τὰ δὲ φευκτὰ τοὐναντίον.
Of these, the desirable ones render the private lives of men pious and temperate, and make the common character of the state gentle and just, while the avoidable ones do the opposite.
§6.47.3ὥσπερ οὖν, ὅταν τοὺς ἐθισμοὺς καὶ νόμους κατίδωμεν παρά τισι σπουδαίους ὑπάρχοντας, θαρροῦντες ἀποφαινόμεθα καὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐκ τούτων ἔσεσθαι καὶ τὴν τούτων πολιτείαν σπουδαίαν, §6.47.4οὕτως, ὅταν τούς τε κατʼ ἰδίαν βίους τινῶν πλεονεκτικοὺς τάς τε κοινὰς πράξεις ἀδίκους θεωρήσωμεν, δῆλον ὡς εἰκὸς λέγειν καὶ τοὺς νόμους καὶ τὰ κατὰ μέρος ἤθη καὶ τὴν ὅλην πολιτείαν αὐτῶν εἶναι φαύλην.
Therefore, just as, when we observe customs and laws existing as excellent among some people, we confidently declare both that the men resulting from these will be excellent and that their constitution will be excellent, so, when we behold the private lives of some to be covetous and their public actions to be unjust, it is clear that it is reasonable to say that both their laws, their particular customs, and their entire constitution are bad.
§6.47.5καὶ μὴν οὔτε κατʼ ἰδίαν ἤθη δολιώτερα Κρηταιέων εὕροι τις ἂν πλὴν τελείως ὀλίγων οὔτε κατὰ κοινὸν ἐπιβολὰς ἀδικωτέρας.
And indeed, one could not find private customs more deceitful than those of the Cretans, except in a very few cases, nor public enterprises more unjust.
§6.47.6διόπερ οὔθʼ ὁμοίαν αὐτὴν ἡγούμενοι τῇ Λακεδαιμονίων οὔτε μὴν ἄλλως αἱρετὴν οὔτε ζηλωτὴν ἀποδοκιμάζομεν ἐκ τῆς προειρημένης συγκρίσεως.
Therefore, considering it neither similar to that of the Lacedaemonians nor otherwise desirable or enviable, we reject it on the basis of the aforementioned comparison.
§6.47.7καὶ μὴν οὐδὲ τὴν Πλάτωνος πολιτείαν δίκαιον παρεισαγαγεῖν, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ταύτην τινὲς τῶν φιλοσόφων ἐξυμνοῦσιν.
Furthermore, it is not just to introduce Plato's constitution either, even though some of the philosophers sing its praises.
§6.47.8ὥσπερ γὰρ οὐδὲ τῶν τεχνιτῶν ἢ τῶν ἀθλητῶν τούς γε μὴ νενεμημένους ἢ σεσωμασκηκότας παρίεμεν εἰς τοὺς ἀθλητικοὺς ἀγῶνας, οὕτως οὐδὲ ταύτην χρὴ παρεισαγαγεῖν εἰς τὴν τῶν πρωτείων ἅμιλλαν, ἐὰν μὴ πρότερον ἐπιδείξηταί τι τῶν ἑαυτῆς ἔργων ἀληθινῶς.
For just as we do not admit into athletic contests those craftsmen or athletes who have not been registered or trained, so too we should not introduce this constitution into the competition for the first place, unless it first displays some of its own actual deeds in reality.
§6.47.9μέχρι δὲ τοῦ νῦν παραπλήσιος ἂν ὁ περὶ αὐτῆς φανείη λόγος, ἀγομένης εἰς σύγκρισιν πρὸς τὴν Σπαρτιατῶν καὶ Ῥωμαίων καὶ Καρχηδονίων πολιτείαν, ὡς ἂν εἰ τῶν ἀγαλμάτων τις ἓν προθέμενος τοῦτο συγκρίνοι τοῖς ζῶσι καὶ πεπνυμένοις ἀνδράσι.
But up to the present, if it is brought into comparison with the constitution of the Spartans, Romans, and Carthaginians, the discussion concerning it would appear very similar to someone setting up one of the statues and comparing it to living and breathing men.
§6.47.10καὶ γὰρ ἂν ὅλως ἐπαινετὸν ὑπάρχῃ κατὰ τὴν τέχνην, τήν γε σύγκρισιν τῶν ἀψύχων τοῖς ἐμψύχοις ἐνδεῆ καὶ τελείως ἀπεμφαίνουσαν εἰκὸς προσπίπτειν τοῖς θεωμένοις.
For even if it is entirely praiseworthy in terms of art, the comparison of lifeless things with living ones is naturally bound to strike spectators as deficient and completely incongruous.