§6.4.1δημοκρατίας.
democracy.
ὅτι δʼ ἀληθές ἐστι τὸ λεγόμενον ἐκ τούτων συμφανές. §6.4.2οὔτε γὰρ πᾶσαν δήπου μοναρχίαν εὐθέως βασιλείαν ῥητέον, ἀλλὰ μόνην τὴν ἐξ ἑκόντων συγχωρουμένην καὶ τῇ γνώμῃ τὸ πλεῖον ἢ φόβῳ καὶ βίᾳ κυβερνωμένην· §6.4.3οὐδὲ μὴν πᾶσαν ὀλιγαρχίαν ἀριστοκρατίαν νομιστέον, ἀλλὰ ταύτην, ἥτις ἂν κατʼ ἐκλογὴν ὑπὸ τῶν δικαιοτάτων καὶ φρονιμωτάτων ἀνδρῶν βραβεύηται. §6.4.4παραπλησίως οὐδὲ δημοκρατίαν, ἐν ᾗ πᾶν πλῆθος κύριόν ἐστι ποιεῖν ὅ, §6.4.5τι ποτʼ ἂν αὐτὸ βουληθῇ καὶ πρόθηται παρὰ δʼ ᾧ πάτριόν ἐστι καὶ σύνηθες θεοὺς σέβεσθαι, γονεῖς θεραπεύειν, πρεσβυτέρους αἰδεῖσθαι, νόμοις πείθεσθαι, παρὰ τοῖς τοιούτοις συστήμασιν ὅταν τὸ τοῖς πλείοσι δόξαν νικᾷ, τοῦτο καλεῖν δεῖ δημοκρατίαν.
That what is said is true is obvious from the following.\n For surely we must not at once call every monarchy kingship, but only that which is voluntarily conceded and governed more by reason than by fear and violence;\n nor indeed must we consider every oligarchy to be aristocracy, but only that which is directed by the most just and wisest men chosen by election.\n Similarly, neither [must we consider] democracy [a state] in which the whole multitude is free to do whatever\n it wishes and proposes; but where it is ancestral and customary to revere the gods, care for parents, respect elders, and obey the laws, when in such communities the opinion of the majority prevails, this we must call democracy.
διὸ καὶ γένη μὲν ἓξ εἶναι ῥητέον πολιτειῶν, §6.4.6τρία μὲν ἃ πάντες θρυλοῦσι καὶ νῦν προείρηται, τρία δὲ τὰ τούτοις συμφυῆ, λέγω δὲ μοναρχίαν, ὀλιγαρχίαν, ὀχλοκρατίαν. §6.4.7πρώτη μὲν οὖν ἀκατασκεύως καὶ φυσικῶς συνίσταται μοναρχία, ταύτῃ δʼ ἕπεται καὶ ἐκ ταύτης γεννᾶται μετὰ κατασκευῆς καὶ διορθώσεως βασιλεία. §6.4.8μεταβαλλούσης δὲ ταύτης εἰς τὰ συμφυῆ κακά, λέγω δʼ εἰς τυραννίδʼ, αὖθις ἐκ τῆς τούτων καταλύσεως ἀριστοκρατία φύεται. §6.4.9καὶ μὴν ταύτης εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν ἐκτραπείσης κατὰ φύσιν, τοῦ δὲ πλήθους ὀργῇ μετελθόντος τὰς τῶν προεστώτων ἀδικίας, γεννᾶται δῆμος. §6.4.10ἐκ δὲ τῆς τούτου πάλιν ὕβρεως καὶ παρανομίας ἀποπληροῦται σὺν χρόνοις ὀχλοκρατία. §6.4.11γνοίη δʼ ἄν τις σαφέστατα περὶ τούτων ὡς ἀληθῶς ἐστιν οἷα δὴ νῦν εἶπον, ἐπὶ τὰς ἑκάστων κατὰ φύσιν ἀρχὰς καὶ γενέσεις καὶ μεταβολὰς ἐπιστήσας. §6.4.12ὁ γὰρ συνιδὼν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ὡς φύεται, μόνος ἂν οὗτος δύναιτο συνιδεῖν καὶ τὴν αὔξησιν καὶ τὴν ἀκμὴν καὶ τὴν μεταβολὴν ἑκάστων καὶ τὸ τέλος, πότε καὶ πῶς καὶ ποῦ καταντήσει πάλιν· §6.4.13μάλιστα δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς Ῥωμαίων πολιτείας τοῦτον ἁρμόσειν τὸν τρόπον ὑπείληφα τῆς ἐξηγήσεως διὰ τὸ κατὰ φύσιν αὐτὴν ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς εἰληφέναι τήν τε σύστασιν καὶ τὴν αὔξησιν.
Therefore, we must say there are six kinds of constitutions,\n three indeed which everyone talks of and have just been mentioned, and three that are naturally allied to them, namely, monarchy, oligarchy, and mob-rule.\n First, then, monarchy arises without design and naturally; and from this, with design and correction, kingship follows and is born.\n But when this changes into its innate evils, namely into tyranny, next, from the destruction of these, aristocracy arises.\n And when this in turn is naturally diverted into oligarchy, and the multitude in anger avenges the injustices of those in power, democracy is born.\n And from the insolence and lawlessness of this in turn, in course of time, mob-rule is completed.\n And one might understand most clearly about these things, that they are truly as I have just said, if one directs one's attention to the natural origins, geneses, and changes of each.\n For he who has perceived how each of them is born, he alone would be able to perceive also the growth, the prime, the change of each, and their end, when and how and where they will end up again.\n And I have assumed that this method of explanation will apply most of all to the Roman constitution, because it has received both its establishment and its growth naturally from the beginning.