§6.37.1τοὔγκλημα.
The accusation [is handled as follows].
καθίσαντος δὲ παραχρῆμα συνεδρίου τῶν χιλιάρχων κρίνεται, κἂν καταδικασθῇ, ξυλοκοπεῖται. §6.37.2τὸ δὲ τῆς ξυλοκοπίας ἐστὶ τοιοῦτον.
Immediately a council of tribunes is held and the case is tried; and if the man is condemned, he is beaten to death with clubs. The punishment of beating to death is of this nature.
λαβὼν ξύλον ὁ χιλίαρχος τούτῳ τοῦ κατακριθέντος οἷον ἥψατο μόνον, §6.37.3οὗ γενομένου πάντες οἱ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τύπτοντες τοῖς ξύλοις καὶ τοῖς λίθοις τοὺς μὲν πλείστους ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ στρατοπεδείᾳ καταβάλλουσι, §6.37.4τοῖς δʼ ἐκπεσεῖν δυναμένοις οὐδʼ ὣς ὑπάρχει σωτηρία·
The tribune takes a club and merely touches the condemned man with it; when this is done, all the soldiers of the camp strike him with clubs and stones, and for the most part they dispatch them within the camp itself. But even for those who manage to escape, there is no hope of safety.
πῶς γάρ;
For how could there be?
οἷς οὔτʼ εἰς τὴν πατρίδα τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἐπανελθεῖν ἔξεστιν οὔτε τῶν ἀναγκαίων οὐδεὶς ἂν οἰκίᾳ τολμήσειε δέξασθαι τὸν τοιοῦτον.
Since it is not permitted for them to return to their own country, nor would any of their relatives dare to receive such a man into his house.
διὸ τελείως οἱ περιπεσόντες ἅπαξ τοιαύτῃ συμφορᾷ καταφθείρονται. §6.37.5τὸ δʼ αὐτὸ πάσχειν ὀφείλει τοῖς προειρημένοις ὅ τʼ οὐραγὸς καὶ [ὁ] τῆς ἴλης ἡγεμών, ἐὰν μὴ παραγγείλωσιν, ὁ μὲν τοῖς ἐφόδοις, ὁ δὲ τῷ τῆς ἐχομένης ἴλης ἡγεμόνι, τὸ δέον ἐν τῷ καθήκοντι καιρῷ. §6.37.6διόπερ οὕτως ἰσχυρᾶς οὔσης καὶ ἀπαραιτήτου τῆς τιμωρίας ἀδιάπτωτα γίνεται παρʼ αὐτοῖς τὰ κατὰ τὰς νυκτερινὰς φυλακάς. §6.37.7δεῖ δὲ προσέχειν τοὺς μὲν στρατιώτας τοῖς χιλιάρχοις, τούτους δʼ ἔτι τοῖς ὑπάτοις. §6.37.8κύριος δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ζημιῶν ὁ χιλίαρχος καὶ ἐνεχυράζων καὶ μαστιγῶν, τοὺς δὲ συμμάχους οἱ πραίφεκτοι. §6.37.9ξυλοκοπεῖται δὲ καὶ πᾶς ὁ κλέψας τι τῶν ἐκ τοῦ στρατοπέδου, καὶ μὴν ὁ μαρτυρήσας ψευδῆ παραπλησίως, κἄν τις τῶν ἐν ἀκμῇ παραχρησάμενος εὑρεθῇ τῷ σώματι, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ὁ τρὶς περὶ τῆς αὐτῆς αἰτίας ζημιωθείς. §6.37.10ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ὡς ἀδικήματα κολάζουσιν· εἰς δʼ ἀνανδρίαν τιθέασι καὶ στρατιωτικὴν αἰσχύνην τὰ τοιαῦτα τῶν ἐγκλημάτων, ἐάν τινες ψευδῆ περὶ αὑτῶν ἀνδραγαθίαν ἀπαγγείλωσι τοῖς χιλιάρχοις ἕνεκεν τοῦ τιμὰς λαβεῖν, §6.37.11ὁμοίως ἄν τινες εἰς ἐφεδρείαν ταχθέντες φόβου χάριν λίπωσι τὸν δοθέντα τόπον, παραπλησίως ἐάν τις ἀπορρίψῃ τι τῶν ὅπλων κατʼ αὐτὸν τὸν κίνδυνον διὰ φόβον. §6.37.12διὸ καί τινες μὲν ἐν ταῖς ἐφεδρείαις προδήλως ἀπόλλυνται, πολλαπλασίων αὐτοῖς ἐπιγινομένων οὐ θέλοντες λιπεῖν τὴν τάξιν, δεδιότες τὴν οἰκείαν τιμωρίαν· §6.37.13ἔνιοι δὲ κατʼ αὐτὸν τὸν κίνδυνον ἐκβαλόντες θυρεὸν ἢ μάχαιραν ἤ τι τῶν ἄλλων ὅπλων παραλόγως ῥίπτουσιν ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τοὺς πολεμίους, ἢ κυριεύειν ἐλπίζοντες ὧν ἀπέβαλον ἢ παθόντες τι τὴν πρόδηλον αἰσχύνην διαφεύξεσθαι καὶ τὴν τῶν οἰκείων ὕβριν.
Therefore, those who have once fallen into such a disaster are utterly ruined. The same punishment is due to be suffered also by the rear-guard commander and the commander of the squadron, if they fail to give the necessary orders at the proper time—the former to the patrolmen, and the latter to the commander of the next squadron. Therefore, since the punishment is so severe and inexorable, the service of the night watches is carried out among them without fail. And the soldiers must obey the tribunes, and the latter in turn the consuls. The tribune has authority both to impose fines, to demand security, and to scourge; and the prefects have the same authority over the allies. The punishment of beating to death is inflicted also upon anyone who steals anything from the camp, and likewise upon one who gives false witness, and if any of those in the prime of youth is found to have abused his body, and moreover upon anyone who has been fined three times for the same offense. These things indeed they punish as crimes; but they class the following offenses as cowardice and military disgrace: if any make a false report to the tribunes of their own bravery in order to obtain honors, likewise if any who have been stationed in the reserve abandon their assigned post out of fear, and similarly if anyone throws away any of his weapons during the danger itself out of fear. Therefore, some in the reserve forces are openly killed, though the enemy attacking them is many times their number, because they refuse to leave their post, dreading the punishment at home; while others, having lost a shield or sword or some other weapon during the danger itself, throw themselves recklessly into the enemy, either hoping to recover what they lost, or, if they suffer some fate, to escape their obvious disgrace and the abuse of their relatives.