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Polybius · The Histories §5.4.1-5.4.13

Failure of the Assault on Pale and Abandonment of Siege

Passage 368 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Philip began the siege of Pale in Cephallenia and successfully breached a section of the wall. However, due to the intentional sabotage and betrayal of the general Leontius, the assault failed, forcing the king to abandon the siege and consult with his friends on the next steps.

§5.4.1διὸ καὶ πρός τε τὴν συναγωγὴν τῶν συμμάχων εὐφυῶς ἐχούσης καὶ κατὰ τῆς τῶν πολεμίων καὶ πρὸ τῆς τῶν φίλων χώρας εὐκαίρως κειμένης, ἔσπευδε χειρωσάμενος ὑφʼ αὑτὸν ποιήσασθαι τὴν νῆσον.
For this reason, as the island was well suited for the assembling of the allies, and was opportunely situated against the territory of the enemy and in front of that of their friends, he was eager to subdue it and make it subject to himself.
§5.4.2συνθεωρῶν δὲ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα πάντα μέρη τῆς πόλεως τὰ μὲν θαλάττῃ, τὰ δὲ κρημνοῖς περιεχόμενα, βραχὺν δέ τινα τόπον ἐπίπεδον αὐτῆς ὑπάρχοντα, τὸ πρὸς τὴν Ζάκυνθον ἐστραμμένον, τῇδε διενοεῖτο προσάγειν ἔργα καὶ τῇδε τὴν ὅλην συνίστασθαι πολιορκίαν.
And observing that all the other parts of the city were enclosed, some by the sea, others by cliffs, but that there was a certain small flat space belonging to it, which was turned towards Zacynthus, he intended to bring siege-works at this point and to carry on the whole siege there.
§5.4.3ὁ μὲν οὖν βασιλεὺς περὶ ταῦτα καὶ πρὸς τούτοις ἦν. κατὰ δὲ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον πεντεκαίδεκα μὲν ἧκον λέμβοι παρὰ Σκερδιλαΐδου — τοὺς γὰρ πλείστους ἐκωλύθη πέμψαι διὰ τὰς γενομένας ἐπιβουλὰς καὶ ταραχὰς περὶ τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Ἰλλυρίδα πολιδυνάστας — §5.4.4ἧκον δὲ καὶ παρʼ Ἠπειρωτῶν καὶ παρʼ Ἀκαρνάνων ἔτι δὲ Μεσσηνίων οἱ διαταχθέντες σύμμαχοι· §5.4.5τῆς γὰρ τῶν Φιαλέων πόλεως ἐξαιρεθείσης ἀπροφασίστως τὸ λοιπὸν ἤδη μετεῖχον Μεσσήνιοι τοῦ πολέμου.
While the king, then, was occupied with and intent upon these things, about this time fifteen lembi arrived from Scerdilaidas—for he was prevented from sending the greater number of them by the conspiracies and disturbances that had arisen among the chieftains in Illyria— and there arrived also the allies ordered to do so from the Epirots, Acarnanians, and also Messenians; for since the city of the Phialeans had been captured, the Messenians henceforth took part in the war without excuse.
§5.4.6τῶν δὲ πρὸς τὴν πολιορκίαν ἡτοιμασμένων, διαθεὶς τὰ βέλη καὶ τοὺς πετροβόλους κατὰ τοὺς ἁρμόζοντας τόπους πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν τοὺς ἀμυνομένους, παρακαλέσας τοὺς Μακεδόνας ὁ βασιλεὺς προσῆγε τὰς μηχανὰς τοῖς τείχεσι καὶ διὰ τούτων τοῖς ὀρύγμασιν ἐνεχείρει.
When everything for the siege was prepared, having arranged the missiles and the stone-throwers at suitable places to hinder the defenders, the king, having exhorted the Macedonians, brought his engines against the walls and through these began to attempt the undermining.
§5.4.7ταχὺ δὲ τοῦ τείχους ἐπὶ δύο πλέθρα κρεμασθέντος διὰ τὴν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις προθυμίαν τῶν Μακεδόνων, ἐγγίσας τοῖς τείχεσιν ὁ βασιλεὺς παρῄνει τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει τίθεσθαι πρὸς αὑτὸν τὴν εἰρήνην.
And soon, as a section of the wall to the extent of two plethra was undermined and propped up because of the eagerness of the Macedonians in their works, the king, approaching the walls, urged those in the city to make peace with him.
§5.4.8τῶν δὲ παρακουόντων, ἐμβαλὼν πῦρ τοῖς ἐρείσμασιν ὁμοῦ πᾶν τὸ διεστυλωμένον κατέβαλε τεῖχος.
But as they refused to listen, having set fire to the props, he threw down all the propped-up wall at once.
§5.4.9οὗ γενομένου, πρώτους ἐφῆκε τοὺς πελταστὰς τοὺς ὑπὸ Λεόντιον ταττομένους, σπειρηδὸν τάξας καὶ παραγγείλας βιάζεσθαι διὰ τοῦ πτώματος.
When this happened, he sent first the peltasts commanded by Leontius, having drawn them up in cohorts and ordered them to force their way through the breach.
§5.4.10οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Λεόντιον, τηροῦντες τὰ πρὸς τὸν Ἀπελλῆν συγκείμενα, τρὶς ἑξῆς τοὺς νεανίσκους ὑπερβάντας τὸ πτῶμα διέτρεψαν τοῦ μὴ τελεσιουργῆσαι τὴν κατάληψιν τῆς πόλεως· §5.4.11καὶ προδιεφθαρκότες μὲν τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους τῶν κατὰ μέρος ἡγεμόνων, ἐθελοκακοῦντες δὲ καὶ παρʼ ἕκαστον ἀποδειλιῶντες αὐτοί, §5.4.12τέλος ἐξέπεσον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως πολλὰς πληγὰς λαβόντες, καίπερ εὐχερῶς δυνάμενοι κρατῆσαι τῶν πολεμίων.
But Leontius and his men, observing the agreement made with Apelles, three times in succession, when the young men had crossed the breach, turned them back so as to prevent them from completing the capture of the city; and having already corrupted beforehand the most prominent of the officers of the several divisions, and acting with deliberate malice and showing cowardice on every occasion themselves, finally they were driven out of the city, having received many wounds, although they could easily have overcome the enemy.
§5.4.13ὁ δὲ βασιλεύς, ὁρῶν ἀποδειλιῶντας μὲν τοὺς ἡγεμόνας, τραυματίας δὲ καὶ πλείους γεγονότας τῶν Μακεδόνων, τῆς μὲν πολιορκίας ἀπέστη, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἑξῆς ἐβουλεύετο μετὰ τῶν φίλων.
And the king, seeing that the officers were playing the coward and that quite a number of the Macedonians had been wounded, desisted from the siege, and deliberated with his friends about the next steps.

Notes

  1. 5.4.1εὐφυῶς ἐχούσης — Genitive absolute construction with the subject (the island of Cephallenia) omitted. The participles εὐφυῶς ἐχούσης and κειμένης refer back to the geographical advantages described in the previous section, forming a causal clause.
  2. 5.4.7τοῦ τείχους ... κρεμασθέντος — Genitive absolute using the aorist passive participle of κρεμάζω ("to suspend"). It refers to the tactical situation in ancient siege warfare where a wall is undermined (sapped) and temporarily "suspended" or propped up by wooden beams before being collapsed.
  3. 5.4.10τοῦ μὴ τελεσιουργῆσαι — Genitive of the articular infinitive with the negative particle μή, depending on the verb of hindrance/prevention διέτρεψαν, expressing the purpose or result "so as to prevent them from completing...".

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §5.4.1-5.4.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.4.1-5.4.13

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