§34.5.1Πολύβιος δὲ τὴν Εὐρώπην χωρογραφῶν τοὺς μὲν ἀρχαίους ἐᾶν φησι, τοὺς δʼ ἐκείνους ἐλέγχοντας ἐξετάζειν Δικαίαρχόν τε καὶ Ἐρατοσθένη τὸν τελευταῖον πραγματευσάμενον περὶ γεωγραφίας καὶ Πυθέαν, §34.5.2ὑφʼ οὗ παρακρουσθῆναι πολλούς, ὅλην μὲν τὴν Βρεττανικὴν ἐμβαδὸν ἐπελθεῖν φάσκοντος, τὴν δὲ περίμετρον πλειόνων ἢ τεττάρων μυριάδων ἀποδόντος τῆς νήσου, §34.5.3προσιστορήσαντος δὲ καὶ τὰ περὶ τῆς Θούλης καὶ τῶν τόπων ἐκείνων, ἐν οἷς οὔτε γῆ καθʼ αὑτὴν ὑπῆρχεν ἔτι οὔτε θάλαττα οὔτʼ ἀήρ, ἀλλὰ σύγκριμά τι ἐκ τούτων πλεύμονι θαλαττίῳ ἐοικός, §34.5.4ἐν ᾧ φησι τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλατταν αἰωρεῖσθαι καὶ τὰ σύμπαντα, καὶ τοῦτον ὡς ἂν δεσμὸν εἶναι τῶν ὅλων, μήτε πορευτὸν μήτε πλωτὸν ὑπάρχοντα.
Polybius, in describing the geography of Europe, says that one should let the ancients be, but examine those who refute them, namely Dicaearchus, Eratosthenes (who was the last to write on geography), and Pytheas, by whom, he says, many have been deceived, since Pytheas claims to have traversed the whole of Britain on foot, and estimated the perimeter of the island at more than forty thousand stades, and further recorded the things concerning Thule and those regions, in which there was no longer any land by itself, nor sea, nor air, but a sort of mixture of these, like a sea-lung, in which, he says, the land and the sea and all things are suspended, and this is, as it were, a bond of the universe, being neither passable on foot nor navigable.
§34.5.5τὸ μὲν οὖν τῷ πλεύμονι ἐοικὸς αὐτὸς ἑωρακέναι, τἄλλα δὲ λέγειν ἐξ ἀκοῆς. ταῦτα μὲν τὰ τοῦ Πυθέου,
Now, Pytheas claims that he himself saw the thing like a sea-lung, but speaks of the other things by hearsay.
§34.5.6καὶ διότι ἐπανελθὼν ἐνθένδε πᾶσαν ἐπέλθοι τὴν παρωκεανῖτιν τῆς Εὐρώπης ἀπὸ Γαδείρων ἕως Τανάιδος·
These are the claims of Pytheas, and also that, having returned thence, he traversed the entire ocean coast of Europe from Gadeira to the Tanais.
§34.5.7φησὶ δʼ οὖν ὁ Πολύβιος ἄπιστον καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πῶς ἰδιώτῃ ἀνθρώπῳ καὶ πένητι τὰ τοσαῦτα διαστήματα πλωτὰ καὶ πορευτὰ γένοιτο.
At all events, Polybius says that this very thing is incredible: how for a private individual and a poor man such great distances could become navigable and passable on foot.
§34.5.8τὸν δʼ Ἐρατοσθένη διαπορήσαντα εἰ χρὴ πιστεύειν τούτοις, ὅμως περί τε τῆς Βρεττανικῆς πεπιστευκέναι καὶ τῶν κατὰ Γάδειρα καὶ τὴν Ἰβηρίαν.
And Eratosthenes, though he doubted whether he should believe these accounts, nevertheless believed them regarding Britain and the regions near Gadeira and Iberia.
§34.5.9πολὺ δέ φησι βέλτιον τῷ Μεσσηνίῳ πιστεύειν ἢ τούτῳ· ὁ μέντοι γε εἰς μίαν χώραν τὴν Παγχαίαν λέγει πλεῦσαι· ὁ δὲ καὶ μέχρι τῶν τοῦ κόσμου περάτων κατωπτευκέναι τὴν προσάρκτιον τῆς Εὐρώπης πᾶσαν, ἣν οὐδʼ ἂν τῷ Ἑρμῇ πιστεύσαι τις λέγοντι.
But Polybius says it is much better to believe the Messenian than this man; for the former says he sailed to only one country, Panchaea, whereas the latter claims to have explored all the northern parts of Europe as far as the ends of the world, which no one would believe even if Hermes said it.
§34.5.10Ἐρατοσθένη δὲ τὸν μὲν Εὐήμερον Βεργαῖον καλεῖν, Πυθέᾳ δὲ πιστεύειν, καὶ ταῦτα μηδὲ Δικαιάρχου πιστεύσαντος.
Yet Eratosthenes calls Euhemerus a Bergaean, but believes Pytheas, and that too when not even Dicaearchus believed him.
§34.5.11τὸ μὲν οὖν "μηδὲ Δικαιάρχου πιστεύσαντοσ" γελοῖον, ὥσπερ ἐκείνῳ κανόνι χρήσασθαι προσῆκον, καθʼ οὗ τοσούτους ἐλέγχους αὐτὸς προφέρεται·
Now, the phrase "when not even Dicaearchus believed him" is ridiculous, as though it were proper to use him as a standard, against whom Polybius himself brings forward so many refutations.
§34.5.12Ἐρατοσθένους δὲ εἴρηται ἡ περὶ τὰ ἑσπέρια καὶ τὰ ἀρκτικὰ τῆς Εὐρώπης ἄγνοια.
But Eratosthenes' ignorance concerning the western and northern parts of Europe has already been spoken of.
§34.5.13ἀλλʼ ἐκείνῳ μὲν καὶ Δικαιάρχῳ συγγνώμη τοῖς μὴ κατιδοῦσι τοὺς τόπους ἐκείνους· Πολυβίῳ δὲ καὶ Ποσειδωνίῳ τίς ἂν συγγνοίη;
Yet he and Dicaearchus may be pardoned, as men who did not inspect those regions; but who could pardon Polybius and Posidonius?
§34.5.14ἀλλὰ μὴν Πολύβιός γέ ἐστιν ὁ λαοδογματικὰς καλῶν ἀποφάσεις, ἃς ποιοῦνται περὶ τῶν ἐν τούτοις τοῖς τόποις διαστημάτων καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις πολλοῖς, ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἐν
And yet, it is Polybius himself who calls the assertions that people make about the distances in these places, and in many others, "popular beliefs"; but not even in...