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Polybius · The Histories §32.5.1-32.5.14

Improvement in Greece and the Tyranny of Charops

Passage 1212 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The departure of several troublesome figures leads to the improvement of affairs in Aetolia and Boeotia, while the text details the tyrannical cruelties and extortions of Charops in Epirus.

§32.5.1ὅτι τὰ κατὰ τὴν Αἰτωλίαν καλῶς διετέθη, κατεσβεσμένης ἐν αὐτοῖς τῆς ἐμφυλίου στάσεως μετὰ τὸν Λυκίσκου θάνατον, §32.5.2καὶ Μνασίππου τοῦ Κορωναίου μεταλλάξαντος τὸν βίον βελτίων ἦν ἡ διάθεσις κατὰ τὴν Βοιωτίαν, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὴν Ἀκαρνανίαν Χρέμα γεγονότος ἐκποδών.
The affairs of Aetolia were brought into a good state, the civil strife among them having been extinguished after the death of Lyciscus, and after Mnasippus of Coronea departed this life, the condition of Boeotia became better, and likewise in Acarnania, Chremas having been removed.
§32.5.3σχεδὸν γὰρ ὡσανεὶ καθαρμόν τινα συνέβη γενέσθαι τῆς Ἑλλάδος, τῶν ἀλιτηρίων αὐτῆς ἐκ τοῦ ζῆν μεθισταμένων.
For it happened that a sort of purification of Greece took place, as its pestilent characters departed from this life.
§32.5.4καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὸν Ἠπειρώτην Χάροπα συνεκύρησε κατὰ τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν τοῦτον ἐν Βρεντεσίῳ μεταλλάξαι τὸν βίον.
For it also happened that Charops the Epirot departed this life in Brentesium during this same year.
§32.5.5τὰ δὲ κατὰ τὴν Ἤπειρον ἔτʼ ἐν ἀκαταστασίαις ἦν καὶ ταραχαῖς, ὡς κατὰ τοὺς ἐπάνω χρόνους, διὰ τὴν Χάροπος ὠμότητα καὶ παρανομίαν, ἐξ οὗ συνέβη τελεσθῆναι τὸν πρὸς Περσέα πόλεμον.
But the affairs of Epirus were still in a state of instability and disturbance, just as in the preceding times, owing to the cruelty and lawlessness of Charops, ever since the war against Perseus was brought to an end.
§32.5.6μετὰ γὰρ τὸ κατακρῖναι Λεύκιον Ἀνίκιον καὶ Λεύκιον Αἰμίλιον ἀνελεῖν τοὺς μὲν τῶν ἐπιφανῶν ἀνδρῶν, τοὺς δʼ ἀπαγαγεῖν εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην, ὅσοι καὶ βραχεῖαν ὑποψίαν εἶχον, §32.5.7τότε λαβὼν ὁ Χάροψ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ὃ βούλοιτο πράττειν, οὐκ ἔστι τῶν δεινῶν ὁποῖον οὐκ ἐποίει, §32.5.8τὰ μὲν διʼ αὑτοῦ, τὰ δὲ διὰ τῶν φίλων, ἅτε νέος μὲν ὢν αὐτὸς κομιδῇ, συνδεδραμηκότων δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν τῶν χειρίστων καὶ τῶν εἰκαιοτάτων ἀνθρώπων διὰ τὸν ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων νοσφισμόν.
For after Lucius Anicius and Lucius Aemilius decided to put some of the illustrious men to death, and to deport to Rome all who lay under even the slightest suspicion, Charops, having then obtained the power to do whatever he wished, left no dread deed undone, performing some things by himself and others through his friends, since he himself was quite young, and the worst and most reckless of men flocked to him for the sake of plundering other people's property.
§32.5.9εἶχε δʼ οἷον ἐφεδρείαν καὶ ῥοπὴν πρὸς τὸ πιστεύεσθαι διότι πράττει κατά τινα λόγον ἃ ποιεῖ καὶ μετὰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων γνώμης τήν τε προϋπάρχουσαν αὐτῷ σύστασιν πρὸς τοὺς προειρημένους καὶ πρὸς ταύτῃ Μύρτωνα πρεσβύτην ἄνθρωπον καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ Νικάνορα, §32.5.10τἄλλα τε μετρίους ἀνθρώπους καὶ δοκοῦντας εἶναι Ῥωμαίων φίλους, οἳ πολύ τι κεχωρισμένοι τὸν πρὸ τοῦ χρόνον ἁπάσης ἀδικίας οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως τότε συνεπέδωκαν αὑτοὺς εἰς τὸ συνεπισχύειν καὶ κοινωνεῖν ταῖς τοῦ Χάροπος ἀνομίαις.
And he possessed, as a sort of reserve and weight to make himself believed that he was acting with some reason and with the approval of the Romans, his pre-existing connection with the aforementioned men, and in addition to this, Myrton, an elderly man, and his son Nicanor, who, although in other respects moderate men and reputed to be friends of the Romans, having previously kept themselves far removed from all injustice, somehow or other at that time lent themselves to assisting and sharing in the lawless acts of Charops.
§32.5.11ἐπειδὴ δʼ ὁ προειρημένος τοὺς μὲν κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν ἀναφανδὸν ἐφόνευσε, τοὺς δʼ ἐν ταῖς ἰδίαις οἰκίαις, ἐνίους δʼ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγρῶν καὶ κατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς ἐπαποστέλλων ἐδολοφόνησε καὶ πάντων τῶν τεθνεώτων ἐξηνδραποδίσατο τοὺς βίους, ἄλλην ἐπεισῆγε μηχανήν.
But when the aforementioned man had openly butchered some in the market-place, and others in their own houses, and had assassinated others by sending agents after them in the fields and on the roads, and had thoroughly confiscated the fortunes of all the deceased, he introduced another device.
§32.5.12προέγραφε γὰρ τοὺς εὐκαιροῦντας τοῖς βίοις φυγάδας, οὐ μόνον ἄνδρας ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναῖκας· §32.5.13ἀναταθεὶς δὲ τὸν φόβον τοῦτον ἐχρηματίζετʼ ἀεὶ τοὺς μὲν ἄνδρας διʼ ἑαυτοῦ, τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας διὰ τῆς μητρὸς Φιλώτιδος· §32.5.14πάνυ γὰρ εὐφυὲς ἐγένετο καὶ τοῦτο τὸ πρόσωπον, πρὸς δὲ βίαν καὶ πλεῖόν τι δυνάμενον συνεργεῖν ἢ κατὰ γυναῖκα.
For he posted as exiles those who were well-off in their fortunes, not only men but also women; and by brandishing this terror, he continually made money, from the men by himself, and from the women through his mother Philotis; for this person also was extremely well-suited for such things, and capable of cooperating for violence to a degree greater than is natural for a woman.

Notes

  1. 32.5.2ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὴν Ἀκαρνανίαν Χρέμα γεγονότος ἐκποδών. — An elliptical clause that requires supplying 'the condition became better' (βελτίων ἦν ἡ διάθεσις) from the preceding context to complete the sense.
  2. 32.5.6μετὰ γὰρ τὸ κατακρῖναι Λεύκιον Ἀνίκιον καὶ Λεύκιον Αἰμίλιον ἀνελεῖν τοὺς μὲν τῶν ἐπιφανῶν ἀνδρῶν, τοὺς δʼ ἀπαγαγεῖν εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην, ὅσοι καὶ βραχεῖαν ὑποψίαν εἶχον, — The articular infinitive τὸ κατακρῖναι is governed by the preposition μετὰ. Its accusative subject is Λεύκιον Ἀνίκιον καὶ Λεύκιον Αἰμίλιον, while the subsequent infinitives ἀνελεῖν and ἀπαγαγεῖν serve as the object complements of κατακρῖναι ('to decide to do something').
  3. 32.5.9εἶχε δʼ οἷον ἐφεδρείαν καὶ ῥοπὴν πρὸς τὸ πιστεύεσθαι διότι πράττει κατά τινα λόγον ἃ ποιεῖ καὶ μετὰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων γνώμης τήν τε προϋπάρχουσαν αὐτῷ σύστασιν πρὸς τοὺς προειρημένους καὶ πρὸς ταύτῃ Μύρτωνα πρεσβύτην ἄνθρωπον καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ Νικάνορα, — The direct objects of the verb εἶχε ('he had') are the distant nouns τήν τε προϋπάρχουσαν αὐτῷ σύστασιν ('his pre-existing connection') as well as Μύρτωνα and Νικάνορα. The phrase οἷον ἐφεδρείαν καὶ ῥοπὴν ('as a sort of reserve and weight') functions as an object complement, while the διότι clause explains the content of the belief (πιστεύεσθαι).
  4. 32.5.11ἐξηνδραποδίσατο τοὺς βίους — The verb ἐξανδραποδίζομαι, which normally means 'to reduce people to slavery,' is here applied to 'fortunes/livelihoods' (τοὺς βίους) in an unusual metaphorical sense, indicating the complete confiscation and subjugation of their property.
  5. 32.5.13ἀναταθεὶς δὲ τὸν φόβον τοῦτον — The participle ἀναταθείς, from ἀνατείνω ('to hold up, brandish, threaten'), functions either as a middle ('having brandished this fear') or passive ('this fear having been brandished'), expressing Charops' use of terror as an instrument of blackmail.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §32.5.1-32.5.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:32.5.1-32.5.14

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