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Polybius · The Histories §31.11.1-31.11.12

Demetrius Appeals Again to the Roman Senate

Passage 1185 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Upon receiving the news of the assassination of the Roman envoy Gnaeus in Syria, Demetrius, who was held hostage in Rome, consults Polybius and Apollonius and petitions the Senate once again for his release and his claim to the throne, but the Senate maintains its policy based on self-interest.

§31.11.1ὅτι κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον προσπεσούσης τῆς περὶ τὸν Γνάιον περιπετείας, §31.11.2ὡς ἀνῃρέθη, καὶ τῶν παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀντιόχου πρεσβευόντων, ὧν ὁ Λυσίας ἔπεμψε, παραγεγονότων καὶ πολλοὺς διαθεμένων λόγους ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ κεκοινωνηκέναι τῆς πράξεως τοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως φίλους, §31.11.3ἡ μὲν σύγκλητος παρέπεμπε τοὺς πρεσβευτάς, οὐ βουλομένη διδόναι περὶ τούτων ἀπόφασιν οὐδεμίαν οὐδʼ ἐκτίθεσθαι καθόλου τὴν αὑτῆς γνώμην, §31.11.4ὁ δὲ Δημήτριος πτοηθεὶς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἠγγελμένοις ἐξ αὐτῆς προσεκάλει τὸν Πολύβιον καὶ προσανέφερεν διαπορῶν εἰ δεῖ πάλιν ἐντυχεῖν τῇ συγκλήτῳ περὶ τῶν καθʼ αὑτόν.
At this time, when the news of the disaster that befell Gnaeus arrived, namely how he had been assassinated, and when the ambassadors from King Antiochus, whom Lysias had sent, arrived and made many speeches to defend the king's friends from having had any share in the deed, the Senate dismissed the ambassadors, not wishing to give any decision on these matters nor to declare its own opinion at all, and Demetrius, excited by the news, immediately called Polybius and consulted him, wondering in his difficulty whether he ought to petition the Senate again about his own affairs.
§31.11.5ὁ δὲ παρεκάλει μὴ δὶς πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν λίθον πταίειν, ἀλλʼ ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὰς ἐλπίδας ἔχειν καὶ τολμᾶν τι βασιλείας ἄξιον· πολλὰς γὰρ ὑποδεικνύειν ἀφορμὰς τοὺς ἐνεστῶτας καιρούς.
But he urged him not to stumble twice against the same stone, but to place his hopes in himself and to dare something worthy of a kingdom; for, he said, the present circumstances pointed out many opportunities.
§31.11.6ὁ δὲ Δημήτριος συννοήσας τὸ λεγόμενον τότε μὲν ἀπεσιώπησεν, μετʼ ὀλίγον δέ τινι τῶν συνήθων Ἀπολλωνίῳ μετέδωκε περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν.
Demetrius, understanding what was meant, kept silent at the time, but a little later communicated with one of his intimates, Apollonius, on the same subject.
§31.11.7ὁ δὲ προειρημένος, ἄκακος ὢν καὶ κομιδῇ νέος, συνεβούλευε πεῖραν ἔτι λαβεῖν τῆς συγκλήτου· πεπεῖσθαι γάρ, ἐπεὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἀλόγως αὐτὸν ἐστέρησεν, τῆς γʼ ὁμηρείας αὐτὸν ἀπολύσειν· §31.11.8ἄτοπον γὰρ εἶναι τελέως, Ἀντιόχου τοῦ παιδὸς διαδεδεγμένου τὴν ἐν Συρίᾳ βασιλείαν, Δημήτριον ὁμηρεύειν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ.
And the latter, being simple-minded and extremely young, advised him to make another trial of the Senate; for he was convinced that, since they had unreasonably deprived him of his kingdom, they would at least release him from being a hostage; for it was utterly absurd that, while the child Antiochus had succeeded to the kingdom in Syria, Demetrius should remain a hostage on his behalf.
§31.11.9τούτοις μὲν οὖν τοῖς λόγοις πεισθεὶς πάλιν εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν σύγκλητον ὁ προειρημένος καὶ παρεκάλει τῆς γε κατὰ τὴν ὁμηρείαν ἀνάγκης αὑτὸν ἀπολύειν, ἐπεὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔκριναν Ἀντιόχῳ συγκατασκευάζειν.
Persuaded therefore by these arguments, the aforesaid Demetrius again entered the Senate and begged them to release him at least from the constraint of hostage-ship, since they had decided to secure the kingdom for Antiochus.
§31.11.10καὶ πλείω δὲ πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ὑπόθεσιν αὐτοῦ διαλεχθέντος, ἔμεινεν ἡ σύγκλητος ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς αἱρέσεως ὅπερ εἰκὸς ἦν.
And although he spoke at greater length on this subject, the Senate remained of the same mind, as indeed was to be expected.
§31.11.11καὶ γὰρ πρότερον οὐ διὰ τὸ μὴ λέγειν τὰ δίκαια τὸν Δημήτριον ἔκρινεν τὴν ἀρχὴν τῷ παιδὶ συνδιαφυλάττειν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ συμφέρειν τοῖς σφετέροις πράγμασιν, §31.11.12μενόντων δὲ τῶν ὅλων ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς διαθέσεως μένειν εἰκὸς ἦν καὶ τὴν τῆς συγκλήτου διάληψιν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς προαιρέσεως.
For on the former occasion also, they had decided to help maintain the sovereignty for the child, not because Demetrius did not have justice on his side, but because it was advantageous to their own interests; and as the general situation remained in the same state, it was natural that the Senate's judgment also should remain fixed on the same policy.

Notes

  1. 31.11.1προσπεσούσης τῆς περὶ τὸν Γνάιον περιπετείας — Genitive absolute construction. The noun is ἡ περιπέτεια, referring to the misfortune (the assassination) of the Roman envoy Gnaeus Octavius in Syria. The following clause ὡς ἀνῃρέθη is a noun clause explaining the content of this περιπέτεια.
  2. 31.11.5μὴ δὶς πρὸς τὸν αὐτὸν λίθον πταίειν — A well-known Greek proverbial expression meaning "to stumble twice against the same stone" (i.e., to make the same mistake twice). Here, it is an infinitive phrase depending on παρεκάλει.
  3. 31.11.7πεπεῖσθαι γάρ — Infinitive in indirect discourse (oratio obliqua). The subject of the infinitive is Apollonius himself, who is giving the advice ("for he was convinced"). In the following causal clause, ἐπεὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἀλόγως αὐτὸν ἐστέρησεν, the omitted subject of ἐστέρησεν is the Senate (ἡ σύγκλητος), and the object αὐτόν refers to Demetrius.
  4. 31.11.11οὐ διὰ τὸ μὴ λέγειν τὰ δίκαια τὸν Δημήτριον — Articular infinitive phrase introduced by the preposition διά. The accusative τὸν Δημήτριον functions as the subject of the infinitive τὸ λέγειν with the negative particle μή, meaning "not because Demetrius did not speak what was just."

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §31.11.1-31.11.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:31.11.1-31.11.12

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