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Polybius · The Histories §3.69.1-3.69.14

Capture of Clastidium and Roman Success in a Skirmish

Passage 228 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Hannibal seized Clastidium through betrayal and ordered a raid on opportunistic Celts. In response, Tiberius dispatched Roman forces to help them, resulting in a skirmish where the Romans gained a temporary advantage.

§3.69.1κατὰ δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς καιροὺς Ἀννίβας πραξικοπήσας πόλιν Κλαστίδιον, ἐνδόντος αὐτῷ τοῦ πεπιστευμένου παρὰ Ῥωμαίων, ἀνδρὸς Βρεντεσίνου, κατέσχε.
At the same time, Hannibal, after a man of Brentesium who had been trusted by the Romans and put in charge had betrayed it to him, took possession of the city of Clastidium by stratagem.
§3.69.2γενόμενος δὲ κύριος τῆς φρουρᾶς καὶ τῆς τοῦ σίτου παραθέσεως τούτῳ μὲν πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ἐχρήσατο, τοὺς δὲ παραληφθέντας ἄνδρας ἀβλαβεῖς μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ προῆγε, §3.69.3δεῖγμα βουλόμενος ἐκφέρειν τῆς σφετέρας προαιρέσεως πρὸς τὸ μὴ δεδιότας ἀπελπίζειν τὴν παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρίαν τοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν καιρῶν καταλαμβανομένους.
Having become master of the garrison and the stores of corn, he made use of the latter for the present, but led the captured men along with him without harming them, wishing to display an example of his own policy, so that those who were overtaken by circumstances might not fear and despair of obtaining safety from him.
§3.69.4τὸν δὲ προδότην ἐτίμησε μεγαλείως, ἐκκαλέσασθαι σπουδάζων τοὺς ἐπὶ πραγμάτων ταττομένους πρὸς τὰς Καρχηδονίων ἐλπίδας.
He also rewarded the traitor handsomely, being anxious to entice those placed in authority to share the hopes of the Carthaginians.
§3.69.5μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα συνθεωρήσας τινὰς τῶν Κελτῶν, οἳ κατῴκουν μεταξὺ τοῦ Πάδου καὶ τοῦ Τρεβία ποταμοῦ, πεποιημένους μὲν καὶ πρὸς αὑτὸν φιλίαν, διαπεμπομένους δὲ καὶ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους καὶ πεπεισμένους τῷ τοιούτῳ τρόπῳ τὴν παρʼ ἀμφοῖν ἀσφάλειαν αὑτοῖς ὑπάρξειν, §3.69.6ἐξαποστέλλει πεζοὺς μὲν δισχιλίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ Κελτοὺς καὶ Νομάδας εἰς χιλίους, προστάξας ἐπιδραμεῖν αὐτῶν τὴν χώραν.
After this, having observed that some of the Celts who dwelt between the Padus and the river Trebia, while having made friendship with him, were also sending messages to the Romans, convinced that in this way safety from both sides would be assured to them, he dispatched two thousand infantry and about a thousand Celtic and Numidian cavalry, with orders to overrun their territory.
§3.69.7τῶν δὲ πραξάντων τὸ προσταχθὲν καὶ πολλὴν περιβαλομένων λείαν, εὐθέως οἱ Κελτοὶ παρῆσαν ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα τῶν Ῥωμαίων, δεόμενοι σφίσι βοηθεῖν.
When these had executed their orders and secured a great deal of booty, the Celts immediately came to the Roman camp, begging them to bring help.
§3.69.8Τεβέριος δὲ καὶ πάλαι ζητῶν ἀφορμὴν τοῦ πράττειν τότε λαβὼν πρόφασιν ἐξαπέστειλε τῶν μὲν ἱππέων τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος, πεζοὺς δὲ σὺν τούτοις ἀκοντιστὰς εἰς χιλίους.
Tiberius, who had long been seeking an opportunity for action, having then found a pretext, dispatched the greater part of his cavalry, and along with them about a thousand light-armed infantry.
§3.69.9σπουδῇ δὲ τούτων προσμιξάντων πέραν τοῦ Τρεβία καὶ διαμαχομένων τοῖς πολεμίοις ὑπὲρ τῆς λείας, ἐτράπησαν οἱ Κελτοὶ σὺν τοῖς Νομάσι καὶ τὴν ἀποχώρησιν ἐπὶ τὸν ἑαυτῶν ἐποιοῦντο χάρακα.
When these had quickly crossed the Trebia and engaged the enemy in a struggle for the booty, the Celts and Numidians were routed and began their retreat towards their own camp.
§3.69.10ταχὺ δὲ συννοήσαντες τὸ γινόμενον οἱ προκαθήμενοι τῆς τῶν Καρχηδονίων παρεμβολῆς ἐντεῦθεν ταῖς ἐφεδρείαις ἐβοήθουν τοῖς πιεζομένοις· οὗ γενομένου τραπέντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι πάλιν ἐποιοῦντο τὴν ἀπόλυσιν εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν παρεμβολήν.
But those on guard in front of the Carthaginian camp, quickly perceiving what was happening, brought up reinforcements to help those who were hard pressed; whereupon the Romans in their turn were routed and retreated to their own camp.
§3.69.11Τεβέριος δὲ συνορῶν τὸ γινόμενον πάντας ἐπαφῆκε τοὺς ἵππους καὶ τοὺς ἀκοντιστάς.
Tiberius, seeing what was happening, sent out all his cavalry and light-armed troops.
τούτου δὲ συμπεσόντος αὖθις ἐγκλίναντες οἱ Κελτοὶ πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀσφάλειαν ἀπεχώρουν.
When this took place, the Celts again gave way and retreated to their own safety.
§3.69.12ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τῶν Καρχηδονίων ἀπαράσκευος ὢν πρὸς τὸ κρίνειν τὰ ὅλα καὶ νομίζων δεῖν μηδέποτε χωρὶς προθέσεως μηδʼ ἐκ πάσης ἀφορμῆς ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς ὁλοσχερεῖς κινδύνους, ὅπερ εἶναι φατέον ἡγεμόνος ἔργον ἀγαθοῦ, §3.69.13τότε μὲν ἐπέσχε τοὺς παρʼ αὑτοῦ συνεγγίσαντας τῷ χάρακι καὶ στῆναι μὲν ἐκ μεταβολῆς ἠνάγκασε, διώκειν δὲ καὶ συμπλέκεσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐκώλυσε, διὰ τῶν ὑπηρετῶν καὶ σαλπιγκτῶν ἀνακαλούμενος.
But the Carthaginian general, being unprepared for a general engagement, and holding that one should never risk a decisive battle without a plan or on any casual occasion—which indeed must be said to be the duty of a good commander— on this occasion checked his men who were approaching the Roman camp, forced them to wheel round and stand, and prevented them from pursuing or engaging the enemy, recalling them by means of his officers and trumpeters.
οἱ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι βραχὺν ἐπισχόντες χρόνον ἀνέλυσαν, §3.69.14ὀλίγους μὲν αὑτῶν ἀποβαλόντες, πλείους δὲ τῶν Καρχηδονίων διεφθαρκότες.
The Romans, after waiting a short time, withdrew, having lost but few of their own men, while having destroyed a larger number of the Carthaginians.

Notes

  1. §3.69.1ἐνδόντος αὐτῷ τοῦ πεπιστευμένου παρὰ Ῥωμαίων, ἀνδρὸς Βρεντεσίνου — A genitive absolute construction meaning "after a man of Brentesium who had been trusted by the Romans had betrayed it to him." The perfect passive participle `πεπιστευμένου` functions in a passive sense ("entrusted" or "trusted") and qualifies the noun `ἀνδρὸς`.
  2. §3.69.3πρὸς τὸ μὴ δεδιότας ἀπελπίζειν τὴν παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρίαν τοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν καιρῶν καταλαμβανομένους — A purpose construction with `πρὸς τό` and the infinitive `ἀπελπίζειν`. The accusative phrase `τοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν καιρῶν καταλαμβανομένους` serves as the subject of the infinitive, and `μὴ δεδιότας` is an accusative plural participle agreeing with this subject, meaning "without fearing."
  3. §3.69.5συνθεωρήσας τινὰς τῶν Κελτῶν ... πεποιημένους μὲν ... διαπεμπομένους δὲ ... καὶ πεπεισμένους — The three participles `πεποιημένους`, `διαπεμπομένους`, and `πεπεισμένους` function as predicative participles qualifying `τινὰς τῶν Κελτῶν`, which is the object of the verb of perception `συνθεωρήσας`.
  4. §3.69.12ὅπερ εἶναι φατέον ἡγεμόνος ἔργον ἀγαθοῦ — The neuter relative pronoun `ὅπερ` refers back to the entire clause expressing Hannibal's cautious strategy of not risking a decisive battle without a plan. `φατέον` is a verbal adjective governing the infinitive `εἶναι` with `ὅπερ` as its subject and `ἔργον` as its predicate.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §3.69.1-3.69.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.69.1-3.69.14

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