Humanitext Reader

Polybius · The Histories §3.49.1-3.49.13

Publius' Turnabout and Hannibal at the Island

Passage 208 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Publius arrives too late to catch the Carthaginians, sending his brother to Iberia while returning to Italy himself. Meanwhile, Hannibal reaches the "Island" at the confluence of the Rhone and Isaras, where he intervenes in a succession dispute to secure vital provisions and an escort.

§3.49.1οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ Πόπλιος μὲν ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατηγὸς ἡμέραις ὕστερον τρισὶ τῆς ἀναζυγῆς τῆς τῶν Καρχηδονίων παραγενόμενος ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ ποταμοῦ διάβασιν καὶ καταλαβὼν ὡρμηκότας τοὺς ὑπεναντίους ἐξενίσθη μὲν ὡς ἐνδέχεται μάλιστα, §3.49.2πεπεισμένος οὐδέποτʼ ἂν αὐτοὺς τολμῆσαι τῇδε ποιήσασθαι τὴν εἰς Ἰταλίαν πορείαν διὰ τὸ πλῆθος καὶ τὴν ἀθεσίαν τῶν κατοικούντων τοὺς τόπους βαρβάρων.
Nevertheless, Publius, the Roman general, arriving at the crossing of the river three days after the departure of the Carthaginians, and finding that the enemy had already started, was surprised to the highest possible degree, having been convinced that they would never dare to make their march to Italy by this route because of the multitude and the lawlessness of the barbarians inhabiting those places.
§3.49.3θεωρῶν δὲ τετολμηκότας αὖθις ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς ἠπείγετο καὶ παραγενόμενος ἐνεβίβαζε τὰς δυνάμεις.
But seeing that they had dared to do so, he hastened back to his ships and, upon arriving, embarked his forces.
§3.49.4καὶ τὸν μὲν ἀδελφὸν ἐξέπεμπεν ἐπὶ τὰς ἐν Ἰβηρίᾳ πράξεις, αὐτὸς δὲ πάλιν ὑποστρέψας εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἐποιεῖτο τὸν πλοῦν, σπεύδων καταταχῆσαι τοὺς ὑπεναντίους διὰ Τυρρηνίας πρὸς τὴν τῶν Ἄλπεων ὑπερβολήν.
And he sent his brother to handle the affairs in Iberia, while he himself turned back to Italy and made his voyage, in haste to anticipate the enemy at the crossing of the Alps via Tyrrhenia.
§3.49.5Ἀννίβας δὲ ποιησάμενος ἑξῆς ἐπὶ τέτταρας ἡμέρας τὴν πορείαν ἀπὸ τῆς διαβάσεως ἧκε πρὸς τὴν καλουμένην Νῆσον, χώραν πολύοχλον καὶ σιτοφόρον, ἔχουσαν δὲ τὴν προσηγορίαν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ συμπτώματος.
Meanwhile, Hannibal, making his march continuously for four days from the crossing, arrived at the so-called Island, a populous and corn-bearing district, which derives its name from this very circumstance.
§3.49.6ᾗ μὲν γὰρ ὁ Ῥοδανός, ᾗ δʼ Ἰσάρας προσαγορευόμενος, ῥέοντες παρʼ ἑκατέραν τὴν πλευράν, ἀποκορυφοῦσιν αὐτῆς τὸ σχῆμα κατὰ τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους σύμπτωσιν.
For on one side the Rhone, and on the other the river called Isaras, flowing along each side, form a pointed shape at their confluence with each other.
§3.49.7ἔστι δὲ παραπλησία τῷ μεγέθει καὶ τῷ σχήματι τῷ κατʼ Αἴγυπτον καλουμένῳ Δέλτα, πλὴν ἐκείνου μὲν θάλαττα τὴν μίαν πλευρὰν καὶ τὰς τῶν ποταμῶν ῥύσεις ἐπιζεύγνυσι, ταύτης δʼ ὄρη δυσπρόσοδα καὶ δυσέμβολα καὶ σχεδὸν ὡς εἰπεῖν ἀπρόσιτα.
It is similar in size and shape to the so-called Delta in Egypt, except that in the latter case the sea joins the one side and the outlets of the rivers, whereas in the former case, difficult, inaccessible, and virtually impassable mountains close it in.
§3.49.8πρὸς ἣν ἀφικόμενος καὶ καταλαβὼν ἐν αὐτῇ δύʼ ἀδελφοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς βασιλείας στασιάζοντας καὶ μετὰ στρατοπέδων ἀντικαθημένους ἀλλήλοις, §3.49.9ἐπισπωμένου τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου καὶ παρακαλοῦντος εἰς τὸ συμπρᾶξαι καὶ συμπεριποιῆσαι τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτῷ, ὑπήκουσε, προδήλου σχεδὸν ὑπαρχούσης τῆς πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ἐσομένης αὐτῷ χρείας.
Arriving here, and finding in it two brothers disputing for the kingdom and facing each other with armies, when the elder brother drew him over and entreated him to assist and help him secure the rule, Hannibal consented, because the usefulness of their support for his present needs was almost obvious.
§3.49.10διὸ καὶ συνεπιθέμενος καὶ συνεκβαλὼν τὸν ἕτερον πολλῆς ἐπικουρίας ἔτυχε παρὰ τοῦ κρατήσαντος· §3.49.11οὐ γὰρ μόνον σίτῳ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτηδείοις ἀφθόνως ἐχορήγησε τὸ στρατόπεδον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ὅπλων τὰ παλαιὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονηκότα πάντα διαλλάξας ἐκαινοποίησε πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν εὐκαίρως,
Therefore, joining in the attack and helping to expel the other brother, he received great assistance from the victor; for the latter not only supplied the army abundantly with corn and other provisions, but also exchanged all the old and worn-out weapons and opportunely renewed the equipment of the whole force.
§3.49.12ἔτι δὲ τοὺς πλείστους ἐσθῆτι καὶ πρὸς τούτοις ὑποδέσει κοσμήσας μεγάλην εὐχρηστίαν παρέσχετο πρὸς τὰς τῶν ὀρῶν ὑπερβολάς.
Moreover, by furnishing most of them with clothing and, in addition, footwear, he provided great utility for the crossing of the mountains.
§3.49.13τὸ δὲ μέγιστον, εὐλαβῶς διακειμένοις πρὸς τὴν διὰ τῶν Ἀλλοβρίγων καλουμένων Γαλατῶν πορείαν ἀπουραγήσας μετὰ τῆς σφετέρας δυνάμεως ἀσφαλῆ παρεσκεύασε τὴν δίοδον αὐτοῖς, ἕως ἤγγισαν τῇ τῶν Ἄλπεων ὑπερβολῇ.
And most important of all, since they were anxious about their march through the territory of the Gauls called Allobroges, he protected their rear with his own force and secured a safe passage for them until they approached the pass of the Alps.

Notes

  1. 3.49.1ἡμέραις ὕστερον τρισὶ τῆς ἀναζυγῆς — The dative of measure of difference (ἡμέραις τρισί) modifies the comparative adverb (ὕστερον), with the point of comparison expressed by the genitive (τῆς ἀναζυγῆς).
  2. 3.49.2πεπεισμένος οὐδέποτʼ ἂν αὐτοὺς τολμῆσαι — The participle πεπεισμένος agrees with the subject of the main clause (Publius). The particle ἂν in the infinitive clause qualifies τολμῆσαι, representing an indirect statement of past potentiality.
  3. 3.49.9ἐπισπωμένου τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου... ὑπήκουσε — The phrase ἐπισπωμένου τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου ... is a genitive absolute. The subject of the main verb ὑπήκουσε is Hannibal.
  4. 3.49.13εὐλαβῶς διακειμένοις... ἀπουραγήσας... παρεσκεύασε — The dative participle εὐλαβῶς διακειμένοις agrees with the dative pronoun αὐτοῖς (referring to the Carthaginians). The participle ἀπουραγήσας and the main verb παρεσκεύασε share the same subject, namely the victorious brother (the κρατήσας from the previous sections).

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §3.49.1-3.49.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.49.1-3.49.13

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.