§3.37.1ἀοράτων τόπων.
and invisible places.
τούτων δὲ περὶ τῆς ὅλης γῆς ὑποκειμένων, ἀκόλουθον ἂν εἴη τὸ καὶ περὶ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς οἰκουμένης ἀνὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον διελομένους εἰς ἐπίστασιν ἀγαγεῖν τοὺς ἀκούοντας. §3.37.2ταύτης διῃρημένης εἰς τρία μέρη καὶ τρεῖς ὀνομασίας, τὸ μὲν ἓν μέρος αὐτῆς Ἀσίαν, τὸ δʼ ἕτερον Λιβύην, τὸ δὲ τρίτον Εὐρώπην προσαγορεύουσι. §3.37.3τὰς δὲ διαφορὰς ταύτας ὁρίζουσιν ὅ τε Τάναϊς ποταμὸς καὶ Νεῖλος καὶ τὸ καθʼ Ἡρακλέους στήλας στόμα. §3.37.4Νείλου μὲν οὖν καὶ Τανάιδος μεταξὺ τὴν Ἀσίαν κεῖσθαι συμβέβηκε, πίπτειν δὲ τοῦ περιέχοντος ὑπὸ τὸ μεταξὺ διάστημα θερινῶν ἀνατολῶν καὶ μεσημβρίας. §3.37.5ἡ δὲ Λιβύη κεῖται μὲν μεταξὺ Νείλου καὶ στηλῶν Ἡρακλείων, τοῦ δὲ περιέχοντος πέπτωκεν ὑπό τε τὴν μεσημβρίαν καὶ κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ὑπὸ τὰς χειμερινὰς δύσεις ἕως τῆς ἰσημερινῆς καταφορᾶς, ἣ πίπτει καθʼ Ἡρακλείους στήλας. §3.37.6αὗται μὲν οὖν αἱ χῶραι καθολικώτερον θεωρούμεναι τὸν πρὸς τὴν μεσημβρίαν τόπον ἐπέχουσι τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς θαλάττης ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνατολῶν ὡς πρὸς τὰς δύσεις. §3.37.7ἡ δʼ Εὐρώπη ταύταις ἀμφοτέραις ὡς πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους ἀντιπαράκειται, κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνατολῶν παρήκουσα μὲν ἄχρι πρὸς τὰς δύσεις, §3.37.8κεῖται δʼ αὐτῆς τὸ μὲν ὁλοσχερέστερον καὶ βαθύτερον μέρος ὑπʼ αὐτὰς τὰς ἄρκτους μεταξὺ τοῦ τε Τανάιδος ποταμοῦ καὶ τοῦ Νάρβωνος, ὃς οὐ πολὺν ἀπέχει τόπον ὡς πρὸς δύσεις ἀπὸ Μασσαλίας καὶ τῶν τοῦ Ῥοδανοῦ στομάτων, διʼ ὧν εἰς τὸ Σαρδόνιον πέλαγος ἐξίησιν ὁ προειρημένος ποταμός. §3.37.9ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Νάρβωνος καὶ τὰ περὶ τοῦτον Κελτοὶ νέμονται μέχρι τῶν προσαγορευομένων Πυρηναίων ὀρῶν, ἃ διατείνει κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀπὸ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς θαλάττης ἕως εἰς τὴν ἐκτός. §3.37.10τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν μέρος τῆς Εὐρώπης ἀπὸ τῶν προειρημένων ὀρῶν τὸ συνάπτον πρός τε τὰς δύσεις καὶ πρὸς Ἡρακλείους στήλας περιέχεται μὲν ὑπό τε τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς καὶ τῆς ἔξω θαλάττης, καλεῖται δὲ τὸ μὲν παρὰ τὴν καθʼ ἡμᾶς παρῆκον ἕως Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν Ἰβηρία, §3.37.11τὸ δὲ παρὰ τὴν ἔξω καὶ μεγάλην προσαγορευομένην κοινὴν μὲν ὀνομασίαν οὐκ ἔχει διὰ τὸ προσφάτως κατωπτεῦσθαι, κατοικεῖται δὲ πᾶν ὑπὸ βαρβάρων ἐθνῶν καὶ πολυανθρώπων, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἡμεῖς μετὰ ταῦτα τὸν
These principles being assumed for the whole earth, it would be consequential to divide our inhabited world according to the same method, and so lead the hearers to a clear understanding. Since this is divided into three parts and three names, they call one part of it Asia, another Libya, and the third Europe. These divisions are bounded by the river Tanais, the Nile, and the strait at the Pillars of Heracles. Now Asia lies between the Nile and the Tanais, and falls under that portion of the surrounding heaven which lies between the summer rising and the South. Libya lies between the Nile and the Pillars of Heracles, and falls under the South and continuously under the winter setting as far as the equinoctial setting, which falls at the Pillars of Heracles. Thus these countries, viewed more generally, occupy the southern region of our sea from East to West. Europe, on the other hand, lies opposite to both of these towards the North, extending continuously from East to West. Its more substantial and deeper part lies under the North itself, between the river Tanais and the Narbo, which is situated not far to the west of Massalia and the mouths of the Rhone, through which the aforementioned river discharges itself into the Sardinian Sea. From the Narbo and its neighborhood, Celts dwell as far as the so-called Pyrenees, which extend continuously from our sea to the outer sea. The remaining part of Europe, from the aforementioned mountains, which joins the West and the Pillars of Heracles, is bounded by our sea and the outer sea; that part which extends along our sea as far as the Pillars of Heracles is called Iberia, while that along the outer and so-called Great Sea has no common name because of having been but recently explored, but is all inhabited by numerous barbarian tribes, concerning whom we shall later...