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Polybius · The Histories §22.10.1-22.10.15

Caecilius's Criticism on Sparta and Refusal of an Assembly

Passage 1019 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

The Roman envoy Caecilius arrives in Argos and criticizes the Achaean League's harsh treatment of Sparta. While Aristainos and Diophanes show alignment with Caecilius, Philopoemen and others refuse to alter the status quo, and the Achaean magistrates reject Caecilius's demand for an assembly because he lacks written instructions.

§22.10.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα, τῆς πανηγύρεως ἀκμαζούσης, ἦλθε Κόιντος Καικίλιος ἐκ Μακεδονίας, ἀνακάμπτων ἀπὸ τῆς πρεσβείας ἧς ἐπρέσβευσε πρὸς Φίλιππον.
After this, while the festival was at its height, Quintus Caecilius arrived from Macedonia, returning from his embassy to Philip.
§22.10.2καὶ συναγαγόντος Ἀρισταίνου τοῦ στρατηγοῦ τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰς τὴν τῶν Ἀργείων πόλιν, εἰσελθὼν ὁ Κόιντος ἐμέμφετο, φάσκων αὐτοὺς βαρύτερον καὶ πικρότερον τοῦ δέοντος κεχρῆσθαι τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις, καὶ παρεκάλει διὰ πλειόνων διορθώσασθαι τὴν προγεγενημένην ἄγνοιαν.
And when the general Aristainos had assembled the magistrates in the city of Argos, Quintus entered and blamed them, claiming that they had treated the Lacedaemonians with more severity and bitterness than was fitting, and urged them at length to correct the error that had previously occurred.
§22.10.3ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἀρίσταινος εἶχε τὴν ἡσυχίαν, δῆλος ὢν ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ σιωπᾶν ὅτι δυσαρεστεῖται τοῖς ᾠκονομημένοις καὶ συνευδοκεῖ τοῖς ὑπὸ Καικιλίου λεγομένοις·
Now Aristainos kept quiet, showing by his very silence that he was displeased with what had been arranged and that he agreed with what was being said by Caecilius.
§22.10.4ὁ δὲ Διοφάνης ὁ Μεγαλοπολίτης, ἄνθρωπος στρατιωτικώτερος ἢ πολιτικώτερος, ἀναστὰς οὐχ οἷον ἀπελογήθη τι περὶ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ προσυπέδειξε τῷ Καικιλίῳ διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Φιλοποίμενα παρατριβὴν ἕτερον ἔγκλημα κατὰ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν.
But Diophanes of Megalopolis, a man more military than political, stood up, and so far from making any defense for the Achaeans, he even pointed out to Caecilius another accusation against the Achaeans, because of his friction with Philopoemen.
§22.10.5ἔφη γὰρ οὐ μόνον τὰ κατὰ Λακεδαίμονα κεχειρίσθαι κακῶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ κατὰ Μεσσήνην·
For he said that not only the affairs of Lacedaemon had been badly handled, but also those of Messene.
§22.10.6ἦσαν δὲ περὶ τῶν φυγαδικῶν τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις ἀντιρρήσεις τινὲς πρὸς ἀλλήλους περὶ τὸ τοῦ Τίτου διάγραμμα καὶ τὴν τοῦ Φιλοποίμενος διόρθωσιν.
For there were certain disputes among the Messenians themselves concerning the exiles, regarding the decree of Titus and the correction of Philopoemen.
§22.10.7ὅθεν ὁ Καικίλιος, δοκῶν ἔχειν καὶ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν αὐτῶν τινας ὁμογνώμονας, μᾶλλον ἠγανάκτει τῷ μὴ κατακολουθεῖν ἑτοίμως τοῖς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ παρακαλουμένοις τοὺς συνεληλυθότας.
Therefore Caecilius, believing that he had some like-minded people even among the Achaeans themselves, was all the more indignant that the assembled body did not readily comply with his requests.
§22.10.8τοῦ δὲ Φιλοποίμενος καὶ Λυκόρτα, σὺν δὲ τούτοις Ἄρχωνος, πολλοὺς καὶ ποικίλους διαθεμένων λόγους ὑπὲρ τοῦ καλῶς μὲν διῳκῆσθαι τὰ κατὰ τὴν Σπάρτην καὶ συμφερόντως αὐτοῖς μάλιστα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις, ἀδύνατον δʼ εἶναι τὸ κινῆσαί τι τῶν ὑποκειμένων ἄνευ τοῦ παραβῆναι καὶ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους δίκαια καὶ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς ὅσια, §22.10.9μένειν ἔδοξε τοῖς παροῦσιν ἐπὶ τῶν ὑποκειμένων καὶ ταύτην δοῦναι τῷ πρεσβευτῇ τὴν ἀπόκρισιν.
But as Philopoemen and Lycortas, and in addition to them Archon, delivered many varied arguments showing that the affairs of Sparta had been well administered, and in the most advantageous way for the Lacedaemonians themselves, and that it was impossible to alter any of the established decisions without violating both what was just toward men and what was sacred toward the gods, those present resolved to abide by the established decisions and to give this answer to the envoy.
§22.10.10ὁ δὲ Καικίλιος ὁρῶν τὴν τούτων προαίρεσιν, ἠξίου τοὺς πολλοὺς αὑτῷ συναγαγεῖν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν.
But Caecilius, seeing their purpose, demanded that they should assemble the multitude for him in a general assembly.
§22.10.11οἱ δὲ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἄρχοντες ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν δεῖξαι τὰς ἐντολάς, ἃς εἶχε παρὰ τῆς συγκλήτου περὶ τούτων.
But the magistrates of the Achaeans ordered him to produce the instructions which he had from the senate regarding these matters.
τοῦ δὲ παρασιωπῶντος, οὐκ ἔφασαν αὐτῷ συνάξειν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν· §22.10.12τοὺς γὰρ νόμους οὐκ ἐᾶν, ἐὰν μὴ φέρῃ τις ἔγγραπτα παρὰ τῆς συγκλήτου, περὶ ὧν οἴεται δεῖν συνάγειν.
When he remained silent on this point, they declared they would not summon the assembly for him; for they said that the laws did not permit it, unless someone brought written instructions from the senate concerning the matters about which he thought it necessary to assemble them.
§22.10.13ὁ δὲ Καικίλιος ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ὠργίσθη διὰ τὸ μηθὲν αὐτῷ συγχωρεῖσθαι τῶν ἀξιουμένων, ὥστʼ οὐδὲ τὴν ἀπόκρισιν ἠβουλήθη δέξασθαι παρὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων, ἀλλʼ ἀναπόκριτος ἀπῆλθεν.
Caecilius was so angry at none of his demands being granted that he would not even receive the answer from the magistrates, but departed without an answer.
§22.10.14οἱ δʼ Ἀχαιοὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἀνέφερον καὶ τῆς πρότερον παρουσίας ἅμα τῆς Μάρκου τοῦ Φολουίου καὶ τῆς τότε τῶν περὶ τὸν Καικίλιον ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀρίσταινον καὶ τὸν Διοφάνην, ὡς τούτους ἀντισπασαμένους διὰ τὴν ἀντιπολιτείαν τὴν πρὸς τὸν Φιλοποίμενα·
But the Achaeans laid the blame both for the previous visit of Marcus Fulvius and for the current visit of Caecilius and his suite upon Aristainos and Diophanes, on the ground that these men had drawn them into conflict because of their political opposition to Philopoemen.
§22.10.15καί τις ἦν ὑποψία τῶν πολλῶν πρὸς τοὺς προειρημένους ἄνδρας.
And there was a certain suspicion among the multitude toward the aforementioned men.
καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ Πελοπόννησον ἐν τούτοις ἦν.
Such was the state of affairs in the Peloponnese.

Notes

  1. §22.10.4οὐχ οἷον ... ἀλλὰ καὶ — The phrase οὐχ οἷον ... ἀλλὰ καὶ (functioning similarly to οὐχ ὅπως ... ἀλλὰ καί) is an idiomatic construction meaning "so far from [doing something], they even [did something else]" or "not only did they not [do something], but they even [did something else]." It emphasizes that Diophanes, far from defending the Achaeans, actively provided further grounds for accusation.
  2. §22.10.8τοῦ δὲ Φιλοποίμενος καὶ Λυκόρτα, σὺν δὲ τούτοις Ἄρχωνος, πολλοὺς καὶ ποικίλους διαθεμένων λόγους — A long genitive absolute construction with Philopoemen, Lycortas, and Archon as the logical subjects. Inside this participial phrase, there is a prepositional phrase ὑπὲρ τοῦ... containing an articular infinitive, which in turn embeds two parallel accusative-with-infinitive clauses (indirect speech): καλῶς μὲν διῳκῆσθαι... and ἀδύνατον δʼ εἶναι... . The main verb of the sentence appears in §22.10.9 as ἔδοξε.
  3. §22.10.14ὡς τούτους ἀντισπασαμένους — The conjunction ὡς followed by the accusative participle ἀντισπασαμένους (agreeing with τούτους, referring to Aristainos and Diophanes) expresses the subjective or alleged reason of the Achaeans ("on the ground that these men had drawn them in"). The verb ἀντισπάω here means "to draw in" or "to pull over to one's side."

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §22.10.1-22.10.15. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:22.10.1-22.10.15

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