§2.38.1πρῶτον δέ, πῶς ἐπεκράτησε καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ τὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ὄνομα κατὰ πάντων Πελοποννησίων, οὐκ ἄχρηστον μαθεῖν.
First, it is not without use to learn how and in what manner the name of the Achaeans prevailed over all the Peloponnesians.
§2.38.2οὔτε γὰρ χώρας καὶ πόλεων πλήθει διαφέρουσιν οἱ πάτριον ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἔχοντες τὴν προσηγορίαν ταύτην οὔτε πλούτοις οὔτε ταῖς τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρεταῖς.
For those who possessed this appellation as ancestral from the beginning do not excel either in the extent of their territory and the number of their cities, or in wealth, or in the virtues of their men.
§2.38.3τό τε γὰρ τῶν Ἀρκάδων ἔθνος, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὸ τῶν Λακώνων πλήθει μὲν ἀνδρῶν καὶ χώρας οὐδὲ παρὰ μικρὸν ὑπερέχει· καὶ μὴν οὐδὲ τῶν τῆς ἀνδραγαθίας πρωτείων οὐδενὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων οἷοί τʼ εἰσὶν οὐδέποτε παραχωρεῖν οἱ προειρημένοι.
For the nation of the Arcadians, and likewise that of the Lacedaemonians, surpasses them in numbers of men and territory by no small measure; and indeed, the aforementioned are never capable of yielding the first place in manly valor to any of the Greeks.
§2.38.4πῶς οὖν καὶ διὰ τί νῦν εὐδοκοῦσιν οὗτοί τε καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν πλῆθος τῶν Πελοποννησίων, ἅμα τὴν πολιτείαν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν καὶ τὴν προσηγορίαν μετειληφότες;
How then and for what reason do these people and the rest of the multitude of the Peloponnesians now acquiesce, having at the same time adopted the constitution and the name of the Achaeans?
§2.38.5δῆλον ὡς τύχην μὲν λέγειν οὐδαμῶς ἂν εἴη πρέπον· φαῦλον γάρ· αἰτίαν δὲ μᾶλλον ζητεῖν.
It is clear that it would be by no means fitting to speak of Fortune, for that is a cheap explanation; but we should rather seek the cause.
χωρὶς γὰρ ταύτης οὔτε τῶν κατὰ λόγον οὔτε τῶν παρὰ λόγον εἶναι δοκούντων οὐδὲν οἷόν τε συντελεσθῆναι.
For without this, nothing of what seems to happen either in accordance with reason or contrary to reason can be accomplished.
ἔστι δʼ οὖν, ὡς ἐμὴ δόξα, τοιαύτη τις.
At any rate, in my opinion, the cause is somewhat as follows.
§2.38.6ἰσηγορίας καὶ παρρησίας καὶ καθόλου δημοκρατίας ἀληθινῆς σύστημα καὶ προαίρεσιν εἰλικρινεστέραν οὐκ ἂν εὕροι τις τῆς παρὰ τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς ὑπαρχούσης.
One could not find a system and a more sincere principle of equal freedom of speech, of frankness, and in general of true democracy, than that which exists among the Achaeans.
§2.38.7αὕτη τινὰς μὲν ἐθελοντὴν αἱρετιστὰς εὗρε Πελοποννησίων, πολλοὺς δὲ πειθοῖ καὶ λόγῳ προσηγάγετο· τινὰς δὲ βιασαμένη σὺν καιρῷ παραχρῆμα πάλιν εὐδοκεῖν ἐποίησεν αὑτῇ τοὺς ἀναγκασθέντας.
This principle found some of the Peloponnesians as voluntary adherents, and won over many by persuasion and argument; and though it used force on some when the opportunity arose, it immediately made those who had been compelled well-pleased with it once more.
§2.38.8οὐδενὶ γὰρ οὐδὲν ὑπολειπομένη πλεονέκτημα τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἴσα δὲ πάντα ποιοῦσα τοῖς ἀεὶ προσλαμβανομένοις ταχέως καθικνεῖτο τῆς προκειμένης ἐπιβολῆς, δύο συνεργοῖς χρωμένη τοῖς ἰσχυροτάτοις, ἰσότητι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ.
For by leaving no advantage to those who belonged from the beginning, and by making all things equal for those who were constantly being added, it quickly achieved its proposed object, employing two most powerful allies, equality and humanity.
§2.38.9διὸ ταύτην ἀρχηγὸν καὶ παραίτιον ἡγητέον τοῦ συμφρονήσαντας Πελοποννησίους τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν αὐτοῖς εὐδαιμονίαν καταστήσασθαι.
Therefore, we must regard this constitution as the prime author and joint-cause of the Peloponnesians' having united in mind and established the prosperity they now enjoy.
§2.38.10τὰ μὲν οὖν τῆς προαιρέσεως καὶ τὸ τῆς πολιτείας ἰδίωμα τὸ νῦν εἰρημένον καὶ πρότερον ὑπῆρχε παρὰ τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς.
Now, this characteristic of their policy and the peculiarity of their constitution which I have just mentioned existed also in former times among the Achaeans.
§2.38.11δῆλον δὲ τοῦτο καὶ διʼ ἑτέρων μὲν πλειόνων, πρὸς δὲ τὸ παρὸν ἀρκέσει πίστεως χάριν ἓν ἢ καὶ δεύτερον ληφθὲν μαρτύριον.
This is clear from many other proofs, but for the present purpose, one or two testimonies taken will suffice for the sake of confirmation.