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Polybius · The Histories §2.21.1-2.21.9

Strife among the Gauls and the agrarian law of Flaminius

Passage 109 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

A new generation of Galatians attempts to disrupt the peace with Rome, leading to internal strife involving Transalpine Gauls. Later, the Romans distribute the conquered Senonian territory to their citizens under a law proposed by Gaius Flaminius, inciting further hostility from the Boii.

§2.21.1Γαλάται δʼ ἐκ τῶν προειρημένων ἐλαττωμάτων ἔτη μὲν πέντε καὶ τετταράκοντα τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἔσχον, εἰρήνην ἄγοντες πρὸς Ῥωμαίους.
The Galatians, as a result of the aforementioned defeats, remained quiet for forty-five years, maintaining peace with the Romans.
§2.21.2ἐπεὶ δʼ οἱ μὲν αὐτόπται γεγονότες τῶν δεινῶν ἐκ τοῦ ζῆν ἐξεχώρησαν διὰ τὸν χρόνον, ἐπεγένοντο δὲ νέοι, θυμοῦ μὲν ἀλογίστου πλήρεις, ἄπειροι δὲ καὶ ἀόρατοι παντὸς κακοῦ καὶ πάσης περιστάσεως, §2.21.3αὖθις ἤρξαντο τὰ καθεστῶτα κινεῖν, ὃ φύσιν ἔχει γίνεσθαι καὶ τραχύνεσθαι μὲν ἐκ τῶν τυχόντων πρὸς Ῥωμαίους, ἐπισπᾶσθαι δὲ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ἄλπεων Γαλάτας.
But when those who had been eyewitnesses of the terrors had departed from life in the course of time, and a new generation had grown up, full of unreasoning anger, and having no experience or sight of any evil or any crisis, they began once more to disturb the established state of things, which is natural to happen, becoming embittered against the Romans on any chance pretext, and drawing to themselves the Galatians from the Alps.
§2.21.4τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον χωρὶς τοῦ πλήθους διʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἡγουμένων ἐν ἀπορρήτοις ἐπράττετο τὰ προειρημένα.
At first, therefore, without the knowledge of the multitude, these aforementioned plans were negotiated in secret by the leaders themselves.
§2.21.5διὸ καὶ παραγενομένων τῶν Τρανσαλπίνων ἕως Ἀριμίνου μετὰ δυνάμεως, διαπιστήσαντα τὰ πλήθη τῶν Βοίων καὶ στασιάσαντα πρός τε τοὺς ἑαυτῶν προεστῶτας καὶ πρὸς τοὺς παραγεγονότας ἀνεῖλον μὲν τοὺς ἰδίους βασιλεῖς Ἄτιν καὶ Γάλατον, κατέκοψαν δʼ ἀλλήλους, συμβαλόντες ἐκ παρατάξεων.
Consequently, when the Transalpine Gauls arrived with a force as far as Ariminum, the multitude of the Boii, becoming suspicious and mutinying both against their own leaders and against the newcomers, put to death their own kings, Atis and Galatus, and, engaging in a pitched battle, cut each other to pieces.
§2.21.6ὅτε δὴ καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι κατάφοβοι γενόμενοι τὴν ἔφοδον ἐξῆλθον μετὰ στρατοπέδου· συνέντες δὲ τὴν αὐθαίρετον καταφθορὰν τῶν Γαλατῶν αὖθις ἀνεχώρησαν εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν.
On which occasion indeed the Romans, being terrified of their invasion, had marched out with an army; but having perceived the self-destruction of the Galatians, they returned again to their own land.
§2.21.7μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν φόβον ἔτει πέμπτῳ, Μάρκου Λεπέδου στρατηγοῦντος, κατεκληρούχησαν ἐν Γαλατίᾳ Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν Πικεντίνην προσαγορευομένην χώραν, ἐξ ἧς νικήσαντες ἐξέβαλον τοὺς Σήνωνας προσαγορευομένους Γαλάτας, §2.21.8Γαΐου Φλαμινίου ταύτην τὴν δημαγωγίαν εἰσηγησαμένου καὶ πολιτείαν, ἣν δὴ καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν φατέον ἀρχηγὸν μὲν γενέσθαι τῆς ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον τοῦ δήμου διαστροφῆς, αἰτίαν δὲ καὶ τοῦ μετὰ ταῦτα πολέμου συστάντος αὐτοῖς πρὸς τοὺς προειρημένους.
In the fifth year after this alarm, in the consulship of Marcus Lepidus, the Romans distributed in allotments the territory in Gallia called Picenum, from which they had expelled the Senonian Gauls after defeating them, Gaius Flaminius having introduced this demagogic policy and law, which must indeed be said to have been for the Romans, so to speak, the first step in the degeneration of the populace, and also the cause of the war which subsequently arose between them and the aforementioned people.
§2.21.9πολλοὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν Γαλατῶν ὑπεδύοντο τὴν πρᾶξιν, μάλιστα δʼ οἱ Βοῖοι διὰ τὸ συντερμονεῖν τῇ τῶν Ῥωμαίων χώρᾳ, νομίσαντες οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἡγεμονίας ἔτι καὶ δυναστείας Ῥωμαίους τὸν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ποιήσασθαι πόλεμον, ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ ὁλοσχεροῦς ἐξαναστάσεως καὶ καταφθορᾶς.
For many of the Gauls, and especially the Boii because of their territory bordering on that of the Romans, resented this measure, thinking that the Romans were no longer making war against them for sovereignty and supremacy, but for their complete expulsion and destruction.

Notes

  1. §2.21.3ὃ φύσιν ἔχει γίνεσθαι — The relative pronoun ὃ refers back to the entire preceding clause ("they began once more to disturb the established state of things"). The phrase φύσιν ἔχει ("it is natural") governs the three coordinate infinitives γίνεσθαι, τραχύνεσθαι, and ἐπισπᾶσθαι.
  2. §2.21.7Μάρκου Λεπέδου στρατηγοῦντος — A genitive absolute construction. The verb στρατηγέω ("to be general") is frequently used by Polybius to denote the Roman office of consulship. It here refers to the consulship of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus in 232 BC.
  3. §2.21.8ἣν δὴ καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν φατέον ἀρχηγὸν μὲν γενέσθαι — A construction with the verbal adjective φατέον ("one must say"). The dative Ῥωμαίοις functions as a dative of interest ("for the Romans") or depends on the predicate clause, while the relative pronoun ἣν (referring to πολιτείαν) acts as the subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §2.21.1-2.21.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.21.1-2.21.9

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