§18.32.1ποιοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι νῦν.
which is what the Romans do now.
οὐκέτι γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ λόγου δεῖ τεκμαίρεσθαι τὸ νυνὶ λεγόμενον ὑφʼ ἡμῶν, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῶν ἤδη γεγονότων.
For we no longer need to infer what we are currently saying from arguments, but from what has already taken place.
§18.32.2οὐ γὰρ ἐξισώσαντες τὴν παράταξιν πᾶσιν ἅμα συμβάλλουσι τοῖς στρατοπέδοις μετωπηδὸν πρὸς τὰς φάλαγγας, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ἐφεδρεύει τῶν μερῶν αὐτοῖς, τὰ δὲ συμμίσγει τοῖς πολεμίοις.
For they do not make their battle line uniform and engage the phalanxes with all their forces at once in a frontal attack, but some of their divisions remain in reserve, while others engage the enemy.
§18.32.3λοιπόν, ἄν τʼ ἐκπιέσωσιν οἱ φαλαγγῖται τοὺς καθʼ αὑτοὺς προσβάλλοντες ἄν τʼ ἐκπιεσθῶσιν ὑπὸ τούτων, λέλυται τὸ τῆς φάλαγγος ἴδιον·
Consequently, whether the phalangites press hard upon those opposite them in their attack, or are themselves hard pressed by them, the characteristic advantage of the phalanx is destroyed.
§18.32.4ἢ γὰρ ἑπόμενοι τοῖς ὑποχωροῦσιν ἢ φεύγοντες τοὺς προσκειμένους ἀπολείπουσι τὰ λοιπὰ μέρη τῆς οἰκείας δυνάμεως, §18.32.5οὗ γενομένου δέδοται τοῖς ἐφεδρεύουσι τῶν πολεμίων διάστημα καὶ τόπος, ὃν οὗτοι κατεῖχον, πρὸς τὸ μηκέτι κατὰ πρόσωπον ὁρμᾶν, ἀλλὰ παρεισπεσόντας πλαγίους παρίστασθαι καὶ κατὰ νώτου τοῖς φαλαγγίταις.
For, either in pursuing those who retreat or in fleeing from those who press them, they leave behind the remaining parts of their own force; and when this happens, the enemy's reserves are given the gap and the ground which these men had held, enabling them no longer to charge in front, but to force their way in and attack the phalangites on the flank and in the rear.
§18.32.6ὅταν δὲ τοὺς μὲν τῆς φάλαγγος καιροὺς καὶ τὰ προτερήματα ῥᾴδιον ᾖ φυλάξασθαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ τῆς φάλαγγος ἀδύνατον, πῶς οὐ μεγάλην εἰκὸς εἶναι τὴν διαφορὰν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας τῶν προειρημένων;
And when it is easy to guard against the favorable moments and advantages of the phalanx, but impossible to guard against those that operate against it, how is it not natural that in practice the difference between the two systems is great?
§18.32.7καὶ μὴν πορευθῆναι διὰ τόπων παντοδαπῶν ἀναγκαῖον τοὺς χρωμένους φάλαγγι καὶ καταστρατοπεδεῦσαι, ἔτι δὲ τόπους εὐκαίρους προκαταλαβέσθαι καὶ πολιορκῆσαί τινας καὶ πολιορκηθῆναι καὶ παραδόξοις ἐπιφανείαις περιπεσεῖν·
Moreover, those who use the phalanx must of necessity march through all kinds of ground, pitch camp, occupy advantageous positions beforehand, besiege some enemies and be besieged themselves, and fall in with unexpected appearances of the enemy.
§18.32.8ἅπαντα γὰρ ταῦτʼ ἐστὶ πολέμου μέρη καὶ ῥοπὰς ποιεῖ πρὸς τὸ νικᾶν, ποτὲ μὲν ὁλοσχερεῖς, ποτὲ δὲ μεγάλας.
For all these are parts of war, and bring about a turn towards victory, sometimes decisive, sometimes great.
§18.32.9ἐν οἷς πᾶσιν ἡ μὲν Μακεδόνων ἐστὶ σύνταξις δύσχρηστος, ποτὲ δʼ ἄχρηστος, διὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι τὸν φαλαγγίτην μήτε κατὰ τάγμα μήτε κατʼ ἄνδρα παρέχεσθαι χρείαν, ἡ δὲ Ῥωμαίων εὔχρηστος·
In all these situations, the Macedonian formation is difficult to use, and sometimes useless, because the phalangite can perform no service either in a body or individually; whereas the Roman formation is easy to use.
§18.32.10πᾶς γὰρ Ῥωμαῖος, ὅταν ἅπαξ καθοπλισθεὶς ὁρμήσῃ πρὸς τὴν χρείαν, ὁμοίως ἥρμοσται πρὸς πάντα τόπον καὶ καιρὸν καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν ἐπιφάνειαν.
For every Roman soldier, once he is armed and advances to active service, is equally adapted to every place, time, and to every appearance of the enemy.
§18.32.11καὶ μὴν ἕτοιμός ἐστι καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει διάθεσιν, ἄν τε μετὰ πάντων δέῃ κινδυνεύειν ἄν τε μετὰ μέρους ἄν τε κατὰ σημαίαν ἄν τε καὶ κατʼ ἄνδρα.
Moreover, he is ready and maintains the same disposition, whether he must face danger with the whole army, or with a part, or by company, or even man to man.
§18.32.12διὸ καὶ παρὰ πολὺ τῆς κατὰ μέρος εὐχρηστίας διαφερούσης, παρὰ πολὺ καὶ τὰ τέλη συνεξακολουθεῖ ταῖς Ῥωμαίων προθέσεσι μᾶλλον ἢ ταῖς τῶν ἄλλων.
Therefore, since their utility in detail is very far superior, their successes also in the end correspond much more closely to the designs of the Romans than to those of others.
§18.32.13περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων ἀναγκαῖον ἡγησάμην εἶναι τὸ διὰ πλειόνων ποιήσασθαι μνήμην διὰ τὸ καὶ παρʼ αὐτὸν τὸν καιρὸν πολλοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων διαλαμβάνειν, ὅτε Μακεδόνες ἡττήθησαν, ἀπίστῳ τὸ γεγονὸς ἐοικέναι, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πολλοὺς διαπορήσειν διὰ τί καὶ πῶς λείπεται τὸ σύνταγμα τῆς φάλαγγος ὑπὸ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων καθοπλισμοῦ.
Concerning these matters, therefore, I deemed it necessary to speak at greater length, because both at the very time when the Macedonians were defeated, many of the Greeks regarded what had happened as incredible, and in the future many will continue to wonder why and how the formation of the phalanx is inferior to the armament of the Romans.