§18.15.1τίσιν οὖν εἰκότως ἂν ἐπιφέροι τις τὴν ὀνομασίαν ταύτην, ἔστι μὲν δυσπαράγραφον· §18.15.2μάλιστα δʼ ἂν προστρέχοι πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπὶ τοὺς τοιούτους φέρων, ὅσοι τῶν ἀνδρῶν κατὰ τὰς ὁλοσχερεῖς περιστάσεις ἢ τῆς ἰδίας ἀσφαλείας καὶ λυσιτελείας χάριν ἢ τῆς πρὸς τοὺς ἀντιπολιτευομένους διαφορᾶς ἐγχειρίζουσι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς τὰς πόλεις, §18.15.3ἢ καὶ νὴ Δία πάλιν ὅσοι φρουρὰν εἰσδεχόμενοι καὶ συγχρώμενοι ταῖς ἔξωθεν ἐπικουρίαις πρὸς τὰς ἰδίας ὁρμὰς καὶ προθέσεις ὑποβάλλουσι τὰς πατρίδας ὑπὸ τὴν τῶν πλεῖον δυναμένων ἐξουσίαν.
Now, as to what kind of people one might reasonably apply this term to, it is difficult to define; but one would come nearest to the truth by applying it to such men as, in times of general crises, deliver up their cities to the enemy, either for the sake of their own safety and advantage, or because of their differences with their political opponents, or indeed, on the other hand, such as, by admitting a garrison and employing external assistance, subject their countries to the power of those who are more influential, in order to gratify their own impulses and purposes.
§18.15.4τοὺς τοιούτους ὑπὸ τὸ τῆς προδοσίας ὄνομα μετρίως ἄν τις ὑποτάττοι πάντας.
One might reasonably class all such men under the name of traitors.
§18.15.5οἷς λυσιτελὲς μὲν ἀληθῶς ἢ καλὸν οὐδὲν οὐδέποτε συνεξηκολούθησε, τὰ δʼ ἐναντία πᾶσιν ὁμολογουμένως.
To whom indeed no truly beneficial or noble consequence has ever followed, but on the contrary, as is universally agreed, the very opposite.
§18.15.6ᾗ καὶ θαυμάζειν ἔστι πρὸς τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς λόγον, πρὸς τί ποτε βλέποντες ἢ τίσι χρώμενοι διαλογισμοῖς ὁρμῶσι πρὸς τὴν τοιαύτην ἀτυχίαν.
Wherefore one may well wonder, returning to our original discussion, with what object in view or employing what reasoning they rush into such misfortune.
§18.15.7οὔτε γὰρ ἔλαθε πώποτε προδοὺς οὐδεὶς πόλιν ἢ στρατόπεδον ἢ φρούριον, ἀλλὰ κἂν παρʼ αὐτὸν τὸν τῆς πράξεως καιρὸν ἀγνοηθῇ τις, ὅ γʼ ἐπιγινόμενος χρόνος ἐποίησε φανεροὺς ἅπαντας·
For no one who betrayed a city, a camp, or a fort ever escaped detection; but even if someone remained unknown at the very time of the action, the succeeding time made all of them manifest.
§18.15.8οὐδὲ μὴν γνωσθεὶς οὐδεὶς οὐδέποτε μακάριον ἔσχε βίον, ἀλλʼ ὡς μὲν ἐπίπαν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν τούτων οἷς χαρίζονται τυγχάνουσι τῆς ἁρμοζούσης τιμωρίας.
Nor indeed has anyone who was detected ever led a happy life, but as a rule they meet with the fitting punishment from the very hands of those whom they gratify.
§18.15.9χρῶνται μὲν γὰρ τοῖς προδόταις οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ δυνάσται πολλάκις διὰ τὸ συμφέρον· ὅταν γε μὴν ἀποχρήσωνται, χρῶνται λοιπὸν ὡς προδόταις, κατὰ τὸν Δημοσθένην, §18.15.10μάλʼ εἰκότως ἡγούμενοι τὸν ἐγχειρίσαντα τοῖς ἐχθροῖς τὴν πατρίδα καὶ τοὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς φίλους μηδέποτʼ ἂν εὔνουν σφίσι γενέσθαι μηδὲ διαφυλάξαι τὴν πρὸς αὐτοὺς πίστιν.
For generals and rulers often use traitors for their own advantage; but when they have done with them, they treat them henceforth as traitors, according to Demosthenes, very naturally reflecting that he who has delivered up his country and his original friends to the enemy could never become well-disposed to them or preserve his faith toward them.
§18.15.11οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ ἐὰν καὶ τὰς τούτων διαφύγωσι χεῖρας, τάς γε δὴ τῶν παρασπονδηθέντων οὐ ῥᾳδίως ἐκφυγγάνουσιν.
Nay, even if they escape the hands of these, they do not easily escape those of the betrayed.
§18.15.12ἐὰν δέ ποτε καὶ τὰς ἀμφοτέρων τούτων ἐπιβουλὰς διολίσθωσιν, ἥ γε παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις φήμη τιμωρὸς αὐτοῖς ἕπεται παρʼ ὅλον τὸν βίον, πολλοὺς μὲν φόβους ψευδεῖς, πολλοὺς δʼ ἀληθεῖς παριστάνουσα καὶ νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν, πᾶσι δὲ συνεργοῦσα καὶ συνυποδεικνύουσα τοῖς κακόν τι κατʼ ἐκείνων βουλευομένοις, §18.15.13τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον οὐδὲ κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους ἐῶσα λήθην αὐτοὺς ἔχειν τῶν ἡμαρτημένων, ἀλλʼ ὀνειρώττειν ἀναγκάζουσα πᾶν γένος ἐπιβουλῆς καὶ περιπετείας, ἅτε συνειδότας ἑαυτοῖς τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν ἐκ πάντων ἀλλοτριότητα πρὸς σφᾶς καὶ τὸ κοινὸν μῖσος.
And if ever they slip through the designs of both of these, yet the reputation they bear among the rest of mankind follows them as an avenger throughout their whole lives, presenting many false and many real fears both by night and by day, and assisting and suggesting plans to all who are plotting some evil against them, and finally, not even allowing them during their sleep to have oblivion of their transgressions, but compelling them to dream of every kind of plot and reversal, since they are conscious of the alienation and public hatred of everyone toward them.
§18.15.14ἀλλʼ ὅμως τούτων οὕτως ἐχόντων οὐδεὶς οὐδέποτε δεηθεὶς ἠπόρησε προδότου πλὴν τελέως ὀλίγων τινῶν.
But nevertheless, although this is so, no one who stood in need of a traitor was ever at a loss for one, except in some very few instances.
§18.15.15ἐξ ὧν εἰκότως εἴποι τις ἂν ὅτι τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος, δοκοῦν πανουργότατον εἶναι τῶν ζῴων, πολὺν ἔχει λόγον τοῦ φαυλότατον ὑπάρχειν.
From which one might reasonably say that the human race, which is thought to be the most crafty of all animals, has much reason to be considered the most foolish.
§18.15.16τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλα ζῷα, ταῖς τοῦ σώματος ἐπιθυμίαις αὐταῖς δουλεύοντα, διὰ μόνας ταύτας σφάλλεται· τὸ δὲ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος, καίπερ δεδοξοποιημένον, οὐχ ἧττον διὰ τὴν ἀλογιστίαν ἢ διὰ τὴν φύσιν ἁμαρτάνει.
For other animals, being enslaved to their bodily desires alone, err through these only; but the human race, although enjoying a reputation for reason, errs no less through thoughtlessness than through nature.
§18.15.17καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἡμῖν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον εἰρήσθω. —
And let these remarks suffice for our purpose.