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Polybius · The Histories §12.9.1-12.9.6

Timaeus's Research on Documents of the Locrians

Passage 747 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Timaeus claims to have actually visited the Locrians in Greece and Italy to study their historical documents and laws, arguing that they prove their colony was established by free men rather than runaway slaves, unlike Aristotle who relied on mere probable reasoning.

§12.9.1σκεψώμεθα δὴ καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ Τιμαίου προαίρεσιν, καὶ τὰς ἀποφάσεις συγκρίνωμεν ἐκ παραθέσεως, ἃς πεποίηται περὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀποικίας, ἵνα γνῶμεν πότερος ἄξιος ἔσται τῆς τοιαύτης κατηγορίας.
Let us indeed examine also the purpose of Timaeus himself, and compare by juxtaposition the statements which he has made concerning the same colony, in order that we may know which of the two will be worthy of such an accusation.
φησὶ τοιγαροῦν κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν βύβλον, §12.9.2οὐκέτι κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν εἰκότα λόγον χρώμενος τοῖς ἐλέγχοις, ἀλλʼ ἀληθινῶς αὐτὸς ἐπιβαλὼν εἰς τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα Λοκρούς, ἐξετάζειν τὰ περὶ τῆς ἀποικίας. §12.9.3τοὺς δὲ πρῶτον μὲν ἐπιδεικνύειν αὐτῷ συνθήκας ἐγγράπτους, ἔτι καὶ νῦν διαμενούσας, πρὸς τοὺς ἐξαπεσταλμένους, αἷς ὑπογεγράφθαι τὴν ἀρχὴν τοιαύτην "ὡς γονεῦσι πρὸς τέκνα. §12.9.4"πρὸς δὲ τούτοις εἶναι δόγματα, καθʼ ἃ πολιτείαν ὑπάρχειν ἑκατέροις παρʼ ἑκατέροις. καθόλου διακούοντας τὴν Ἀριστοτέλους ἐξήγησιν περὶ τῆς ἀποικίας θαυμάζειν τὴν ἰταμότητα τοῦ συγγραφέως.
He says, therefore, in the same book, no longer employing the same probable reasoning for his refutations, but having himself actually gone to the Locrians in Greece, that he investigated the matters concerning the colony; and that they, in the first place, showed him written covenants, still remaining even now, made with those who had been sent out, in which the beginning was inscribed to this effect: "as parents to children"; and in addition to these, that there were decrees according to which citizenship existed for each in the country of the other; and that, on the whole, hearing of Aristotle's exposition about the colony, they wondered at the audacity of the writer.
§12.9.5μεταβὰς δὲ πάλιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ Λοκροὺς εὑρίσκειν ἀκολούθους καὶ τοὺς νόμους φησὶ τοὺς παρʼ αὐτοῖς καὶ τοὺς ἐθισμοὺς οὐ τῇ τῶν οἰκετῶν ῥᾳδιουργίᾳ, τῇ δὲ τῶν ἐλευθέρων ἀποικίᾳ· §12.9.6πάντως γὰρ καὶ τοῖς ἀνδραποδισταῖς ἐπιτίμια τετάχθαι παρʼ αὐτοῖς, ὁμοίως τοῖς μοιχοῖς, τοῖς δραπέταις· ὧν οὐδὲν ἂν ὑπάρχειν, εἰ συνῄδεισαν αὑτοῖς ἐκ τοιούτων πεφυκόσι.
And passing over again to the Locrians in Italy, he says that he found their laws and customs to be in accordance, not with the reckless conduct of slaves, but with the colonization of free men; for assuredly penalties had been established among them for kidnappers, just as for adulterers and runaways; none of which would exist if they had been conscious that they were descended from such people.

Notes

  1. §12.9.2ἐξετάζειν — Infinitive in indirect discourse dependent on the verb φησί in the previous section (§12.9.1). The infinitives ἐπιδεικνύειν in §12.9.3, and εἶναι and θαυμάζειν in §12.9.4 are likewise governed by φησί.
  2. §12.9.3τοὺς δὲ — Accusative serving as the subject of the infinitive ἐπιδεικνύειν, referring to 'the Locrians in Greece'.
  3. §12.9.3τὴν ἀρχὴν — Adverbial accusative meaning 'at the beginning' or 'originally'. Alternatively, it can be construed as the subject of the perfect passive infinitive ὑπογεγράφθαι ('the beginning [was written]...').
  4. §12.9.6ὧν οὐδὲν ἂν ὑπάρχειν — Apodosis of a contrary-to-fact condition in indirect discourse. The direct form ὧν οὐδὲν ἂν ὑπῆρχεν (past indicative with ἄν) becomes the infinitive with ἄν (ἂν ὑπάρχειν) due to the governing verb φησί. The protasis is the following εἰ συνῄδεισαν (past indicative).

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §12.9.1-12.9.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:12.9.1-12.9.6

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