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Polybius · The Histories §11.25.1-11.25.11

Mutiny in the Roman Army and Publius's Strategy to Quell It

Passage 723 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Following a mutiny in the Roman camp, the author highlights the difficulty of addressing internal troubles in states, armies, and bodies, and recounts how Publius proposed a plan to pacify the soldiers by pretending to prepare their pay.

§11.25.1ὅτι στάσεως γενομένης τινῶν ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ τῷ Ῥωμαϊκῷ, ὁ Πόπλιος, καίπερ ἤδη πεῖραν εἰληφὼς τῶν πραγμάτων ἐφʼ ἱκανόν, ὅμως οὐδέποτε μᾶλλον εἰς ἀπορίαν ἧκε καὶ δυσχρηστίαν.
That when a mutiny broke out among some of the Roman camp, Publius, although he had already gained sufficient experience in affairs, nevertheless fell into greater perplexity and distress than ever before.
καὶ τοῦτʼ ἔπασχε κατὰ λόγον·
And he experienced this with good reason.
§11.25.2καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν σωμάτων τὰς μὲν ἐκτὸς αἰτίας τοῦ βλάπτειν, λέγω δʼ οἷον ψύχους, καύματος, κόπου, τραυμάτων, καὶ πρὶν γίνεσθαι φυλάξασθαι δυνατὸν καὶ γενομέναις εὐμαρὲς βοηθῆσαι, τὰ δʼ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν σωμάτων γινόμενα φύματα καὶ νόσους δυσχερὲς μὲν προϊδέσθαι, δυσχερὲς δὲ γενομένοις βοηθεῖν, §11.25.3τὸν αὐτὸν δὴ τρόπον καὶ περὶ πολιτείας καὶ περὶ στρατοπέδων διαληπτέον.
For just as in the case of bodies, with regard to external causes of harm—I mean such things as cold, heat, fatigue, and wounds—it is possible to guard against them before they occur, and easy to treat them when they have occurred, whereas with regard to tumors and diseases arising from the bodies themselves, it is difficult to foresee them, and difficult to treat them when they have occurred, in the very same way must we think also about states and about armies.
§11.25.4πρὸς μὲν γὰρ τὰς ἔξωθεν ἐπιβουλὰς καὶ πολέμους πρόχειρος ὁ τρόπος τῆς παρασκευῆς καὶ βοηθείας τοῖς ἐφιστάνουσι, §11.25.5πρὸς δὲ τὰς ἐν αὐτοῖς γενομένας ἀντιπολιτείας καὶ στάσεις καὶ ταραχὰς δύσχρηστος ἡ βοήθεια καὶ μεγάλης ἐπιδεξιότητος καὶ διαφερούσης ἀγχινοίας δεομένη· §11.25.6πλὴν ἑνὸς παραγγέλματος, ὃ πᾶσιν ἁρμόσει, δεῖ καὶ στρατοπέδοις καὶ πόλεσι καὶ σώμασιν, ὡς ἐμὴ δόξα.
For against external plots and wars, the method of preparation and assistance is ready to hand for those in command, but against internal political rivalries, mutinies, and disturbances, assistance is difficult to apply, and requires great dexterity and exceptional sagacity; except for one precept, which will suit all of them—armies, cities, and bodies alike—in my opinion.
§11.25.7τοῦτο δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ μηδέποτʼ ἐᾶν ἐπὶ πολὺ ῥᾳθυμεῖν καὶ σχολάζειν περὶ μηδὲν τῶν προειρημένων, ἥκιστα δʼ ἐν ταῖς εὐροίαις τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ ἐν ταῖς δαψιλείαις τῶν ἐπιτηδείων.
And this is never to allow them to remain idle and at leisure for long in any of the aforementioned cases, and least of all in times of prosperity and abundance of provisions.
§11.25.8πλὴν ὅ γε Πόπλιος, ἅτε διαφερόντως ἐπιμελὴς ὤν, καθάπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἶπον, ἔτι δʼ ἀγχίνους καὶ πρακτικός, συναθροίσας τοὺς χιλιάρχους τοιάνδε τινὰ τῶν ἐνεστώτων εἰσηγεῖτο λύσιν.
At any rate, Publius, being exceptionally diligent, as I said from the beginning, and moreover sagacious and practical, having assembled the tribunes, proposed some such solution to the present difficulties.
§11.25.9ἔφη γὰρ δεῖν ἀναδέξασθαι τοῖς στρατιώταις τὴν τῶν ὀψωνίων ἀπόδοσιν· χάριν δὲ τοῦ πιστεύεσθαι τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν, τὰς ἐπιτεταγμένας εἰσφορὰς ταῖς πόλεσι πρότερον εἰς τὴν τοῦ παντὸς στρατοπέδου χορηγίαν ταύτας νῦν ἁθροίζειν ἐπιφανῶς καὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς, ὡς πρὸς τὴν διόρθωσιν τῶν ὀψωνίων γινομένης τῆς παρασκευῆς· §11.25.10τοὺς δὲ χιλιάρχους τοὺς αὐτοὺς πάλιν πορευθέντας ἀξιοῦν καὶ παρακαλεῖν μετατίθεσθαι τὴν ἄγνοιαν καὶ κομίζεσθαι τὰς σιταρχίας, παραγινομένους ὡς αὐτόν, ἄν τε κατὰ μέρη βούλωνται τοῦτο ποιεῖν ἄν θʼ ὁμοῦ πάντες.
For he said that they must promise the soldiers the payment of their pay; and for the sake of making the promise believed, they should now collect openly and with haste those contributions previously imposed on the cities for the supply of the whole army, as if preparation were being made for the discharge of the pay; and that the same tribunes should go back and demand and exhort them to change their ignorant ways and come to receive their provisions, whether they wished to do this in detachments or all together.
§11.25.11γενομένου δὲ τούτου τὸ λοιπὸν ἤδη παρʼ αὐτὸν τὸν καιρὸν ἔφη δεῖν βουλεύεσθαι τί δέον ἐστὶ πράττειν.
And that when this was done, they should then, at the very moment, deliberate on what it was necessary to do.

Notes

  1. §11.25.1ὅτι — A conjunction placed at the beginning of passages derived from excerpt collections to introduce a report or hearsay. The main verb of declaring is omitted, and the sentence is rendered as indirect speech.
  2. §11.25.2τὰς μὲν ἐκτὸς αἰτίας ... τὰ δʼ ἐξ αὐτῶν ... φύματα καὶ νόσους — Accusative noun phrases accompanied by the contrasting particles μέν and δέ. They function as the direct objects of the subsequent infinitives (such as φυλάξασθαι, βοηθῆσαι, and προϊδέσθαι) or as accusatives of topic placed at the beginning of the clauses.
  3. §11.25.7τὸ μηδέποτʼ ἐᾶν ἐπὶ πολὺ ῥᾳθυμεῖν — The subject of the governing infinitive ἐᾶν (the leaders or caretakers) is omitted, while the object of ἐᾶν (the soldiers, citizens, or parts of the body) serves as the logical subject of the dependent infinitive ῥᾳθυμεῖν.
  4. §11.25.9ὡς πρὸς τὴν διόρθωσιν τῶν ὀψωνίων γινομένης τῆς παρασκευῆς — A genitive absolute construction introduced by the conjunction ὡς. The particle ὡς expresses subjective intention or pretense ('as if', 'under the pretext of'), indicating that they were to act as though preparation were genuinely being made for the payment.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §11.25.1-11.25.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.25.1-11.25.11

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