§10.47.1πολλοὶ δὲ γίνονθʼ οἱ πυρσοὶ διὰ τὸ δεῖν ὑπὲρ ἑκάστου γράμματος διττὰς ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πυρσείας.
The torches required are numerous, because it is necessary to make double torch signals for each letter.
§10.47.2οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ ἐάν τις εὐτρεπῆ ποιήσῃ τὰ πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα, δύναται γίνεσθαι τὸ δέον.
Nevertheless, if one makes the preparations for the task properly, what is required can be achieved.
§10.47.3καθʼ ἑκατέραν δὲ τὴν ἐπίνοιαν προμελετᾶν δεῖ τοὺς χειρίζοντας, ἵνα τῆς χρείας γινομένης ἀδιαπτώτως δύνωνται διασαφεῖν ἀλλήλοις.
Under both systems, those who operate them must practice beforehand, so that when the need arises, they may be able to signal to each other without mistake.
§10.47.4πηλίκην δὲ συμβαίνει φαίνεσθαι τὴν διαφορὰν ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν πραγμάτων πρῶτον λεγομένων καὶ πάλιν κατὰ συνήθειαν γινομένων, ἐκ πολλῶν εὐχερὲς τῷ βουλομένῳ καταμαθεῖν.
How great a difference appears to exist in the same matters when first spoken of and again when performed through habit, anyone who wishes can easily learn from many instances.
§10.47.5πολλὰ γὰρ οὐ μόνον τῶν δυσχερῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἀδυνάτων εἶναι δοκούντων κατὰ τὰς ἀρχάς, μετὰ ταῦτα χρόνου καὶ συνηθείας τυχόντα ῥᾷστα πάντων ἐπιτελεῖται.
For many things, which at the beginning seem not only difficult but even impossible, are afterwards, when they have obtained the benefit of time and habit, accomplished most easily of all.
§10.47.6τοῦ δὲ τοιούτου λόγου παραδείγματα μὲν πολλὰ καὶ ἕτερα πρὸς πίστιν, ἐναργέστατον δὲ τὸ γινόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς ἀναγνώσεως.
While there are many other examples to prove the truth of this statement, the clearest is what happens in the case of reading.
§10.47.7ἐπὶ γὰρ ἐκείνης, εἴ τις παραστησάμενος ἄνθρωπον ἄπειρον μὲν καὶ ἀσυνήθη γραμματικῆς, τἄλλα δʼ ἀγχίνουν, κἄπειτα παιδάριον ἕξιν ἔχον παραστήσας καὶ δοὺς βυβλίον κελεύοι λέγειν τὰ γεγραμμένα, §10.47.8δῆλον ὡς οὐκ ἂν δύναιτο πιστεῦσαι διότι δεῖ πρῶτον ἐπὶ τὰς ὄψεις τὰς ἑνὸς ἑκάστου τῶν γραμμάτων ἐπιστῆσαι τὸν ἀναγινώσκοντα, δεύτερον ἐπὶ τὰς δυνάμεις, τρίτον ἐπὶ τὰς πρὸς ἄλληλα συμπλοκάς, ὧν ἕκαστον ποσοῦ χρόνου τινὸς δεῖται.
For in that case, if one were to place by his side a man who is inexperienced and unaccustomed to reading, though otherwise intelligent, and then, placing by him a boy who has acquired the habit, and giving him a book, were to order him to read aloud what is written, it is clear that the man would not be able to believe that the reader must first fix his eyes upon the form of each single letter, secondly upon its sound, and thirdly upon its combination with others, each of which processes requires a certain amount of time.
§10.47.9διόπερ ὅταν ἀνεπιστάτως θεωρῇ τὸ παιδάριον ὑπὸ τὴν ἀναπνοὴν ἑπτὰ καὶ πέντε στίχους συνεῖρον, οὐκ ἂν εὐχερῶς δύναιτο πιστεῦσαι διότι πρότερον οὗτος οὐκ ἀνέγνωκε τὸ βυβλίον· §10.47.10εἰ δὲ καὶ τὴν ὑπόκρισιν καὶ τὰς διαιρέσεις, ἔτι δὲ δασύτητας καὶ ψιλότητας δύναιτο συσσῴζειν, οὐδὲ τελέως.
Therefore, when he sees the boy, without hesitation, connecting seven or five lines in a single breath, he would not easily be able to believe that this boy has not read the book before; and if the boy should also be able to observe the proper delivery, the pauses, and the rough and smooth breathings, the man would not believe it at all.
§10.47.11διόπερ οὐκ ἀποστατέον οὐδενὸς τῶν χρησίμων διὰ τὰς προφαινομένας δυσχερείας, προσακτέον δὲ τὴν ἕξιν, ᾗ πάντα τὰ καλὰ γίνεται θηρατὰ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ἄλλως τε καὶ περὶ τῶν τοιούτων, ἐν οἷς πολλάκις κεῖται τὸ συνέχον τῆς σωτηρίας.
Therefore, we must not shrink from any useful pursuit because of the difficulties that present themselves at first, but we must apply ourselves to the habit by which all good things become attainable to men, especially in those matters where the preservation of safety often depends upon them.
§10.47.12ταῦτα μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐπαγγελίαν προήχθημεν εἰπεῖν.
Now we have been led to say these things in accordance with our promise at the beginning.
ἔφαμεν γὰρ πάντα τὰ θεωρήματα καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον εἰληφέναι τὰς προκοπάς, ὥστε τῶν πλείστων τρόπον τινὰ μεθοδικὰς εἶναι τὰς ἐπιστήμας.
For we stated that all branches of knowledge in our time have made such progress that most of them have become in a manner systematic sciences.
§10.47.13διὸ καὶ τοῦτο γίνεται τῆς δεόντως ἱστορίας συντεταγμένης ὠφελιμώτατον.
Consequently, this also becomes a most useful part of a history properly composed.