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Polybius · The Histories §10.26.1-10.26.10

Philip's Tyrannical Conduct and Polybius' Method

Passage 672 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Describes Macedonian King Philip's feigned democratic attitude contrasted with his actual tyrannical and licentious behavior, and the Achaeans' forced endurance, followed by Polybius' explanation of his own method of character evaluation.

§10.26.1ὅτι Φίλιππος ὁ βασιλεὺς Μακεδόνων μετὰ τὸ ἐκτελέσαι τὸν τῶν Νεμέων ἀγῶνα αὖθις εἰς Ἄργος ἐπανῆλθε καὶ τὸ μὲν διάδημα καὶ τὴν πορφύραν ἀπέθετο, βουλόμενος αὑτὸν ἴσον τοῖς πολλοῖς καὶ πρᾷόν τινα καὶ δημοτικὸν ὑπογράφειν.
That King Philip of Macedon, after completing the Nemean games, returned again to Argos and laid aside his diadem and purple robe, wishing to represent himself as equal to the multitude and as a gentle and democratic person.
§10.26.2ὅσῳ δὲ τὴν ἐσθῆτα δημοτικωτέραν περιετίθετο, τοσούτῳ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἐλάμβανε μείζω καὶ μοναρχικωτέραν.
But the more democratic the clothing he put on, the greater and more monarchical the power he assumed.
§10.26.3οὐ γὰρ ἔτι τὰς χήρας ἐπείρα γυναῖκας οὐδὲ τὰς ὑπάνδρους ἠρκεῖτο μοιχεύων, ἀλλʼ ἐκ προστάγματος ἣν αὐτῷ φανείη, προσπέμψας ἐκάλει, ταῖς δὲ μὴ προχείρως συνυπακουούσαις ἐνύβριζε, κώμους ποιούμενος ἐπὶ τὰς οἰκίας.
For he was no longer content with attempting to seduce widows or committing adultery with married women, but by order he would summon whomever appeared to him, and he would outrage those who did not readily comply, making drunken revels at their houses.
§10.26.4καὶ τῶν μὲν τοὺς υἱεῖς, τῶν δὲ τοὺς ἄνδρας ἀνακαλούμενος ἐπὶ προφάσεσιν ἀλόγοις διέσειε, καὶ πολλὴν ἀσέλγειαν ἐναπεδείκνυτο καὶ παρανομίαν.
And summoning the sons of some and the husbands of others on unreasonable pretexts, he would blackmail them, and he displayed great licentiousness and lawlessness.
§10.26.5διὸ καὶ χρώμενος τῇ κατὰ τὴν παρεπιδημίαν ἐξουσίᾳ ἀνέδην πολλοὺς ἐλύπει τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, καὶ μάλιστα τοὺς μετρίους ἄνδρας.
Therefore, using the power of his stay freely, he caused distress to many of the Achaeans, and especially to the moderate men.
§10.26.6πιεζόμενοι δὲ διὰ τὸ πανταχόθεν αὐτοῖς περιεστάναι τὸν πόλεμον ἠναγκάζοντο καρτερεῖν καὶ φέρειν τὰ παρὰ φύσιν.
And being hard pressed because the war surrounded them on all sides, they were forced to endure and bear these unnatural outrages.
§10.26.7ὅτι [Φιλίππου] οὐκ ἂν ἀγαθὰ μείζω τις σχοίη πρὸς βασιλείαν οὐδεὶς τῶν πρότερον οὐδὲ κακὰ τούτου τοῦ βασιλέως.
That no one among those before him possessed greater good qualities for kingship, nor greater bad ones, than this king.
§10.26.8καί μοι δοκεῖ τὰ μὲν ἀγαθὰ φύσει περὶ αὐτὸν ὑπάρξαι, τὰ δὲ κακὰ προβαίνοντι κατὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν ἐπιγενέσθαι, καθάπερ ἐνίοις ἐπιγίνεται γηράσκουσι τῶν ἵππων.
And it seems to me that his good qualities belonged to him by nature, but the bad ones accrued to him as he advanced in age, just as happens to some horses as they grow old.
§10.26.9καίπερ ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἐν τοῖς προοιμίοις, ὥσπερ τῶν λοιπῶν συγγραφέων, προφερόμεθα τὰς τοιαύτας διαλήψεις, ἀλλʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν πραγμάτων ἀεὶ τὸν καθήκοντα λόγον ἁρμόζοντες ἀποφαινόμεθα περί τε τῶν βασιλέων καὶ τῶν ἐπιφανῶν ἀνδρῶν, §10.26.10νομίζοντες ταύτην οἰκειοτέραν εἶναι καὶ τοῖς γράφουσι καὶ τοῖς ἀναγινώσκουσι τὴν ἐπισημασίαν.
Although we do not, like other writers, put forward such judgments in our prefaces, but always fitting the appropriate discourse to the events themselves, we express our views on kings and famous men, believing that this way of making assessments is more suitable both for those who write and for those who read.

Notes

  1. §10.26.1ὅτι — A remnant of the conjunction ὅτι ('that'), indicating that this passage is derived from a Byzantine collection of excerpts. In translation, it is treated as a direct statement.
  2. §10.26.3ἣν αὐτῷ φανείη — The relative pronoun ἥν without an explicit antecedent is followed by the indefinite optative φανείη (3rd sg. aor. opt. of φαίνομαι), expressing a past general/iterative condition: 'whomever appeared to him (favorable).'
  3. §10.26.7τούτου τοῦ βασιλέως — A genitive of comparison governed by the comparative adjective μείζω (comparative neuter plural of μέγας), meaning 'than this king.' The multiple negatives in the sentence (οὐκ ... οὐδείς ... οὐδέ) strengthen the overall negative statement.
  4. §10.26.8προβαίνοντι — A present active participle in the dative masculine singular, modifying an implied dative pronoun αὐτῷ (referring to Philip) which depends on δοκεῖ (literally, 'it seems to me that, to him advancing in age, bad things accrued').
  5. §10.26.9ὥσπερ τῶν λοιπῶν συγγραφέων — A genitive phrase introduced by the comparative ὥσπερ. It either implies the elision of προοίμια ('as in the prefaces of other writers') or functions as an irregular assimilation/ellipsis for ὥσπερ οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν συγγραφέων [ποιοῦσι] ('just as the rest of the writers do').

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §10.26.1-10.26.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.26.1-10.26.10

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