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Polybius · The Histories §1.58.1-1.58.9

The Severe Siege and Deadlock at Mount Eryx

Passage 58 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

Fortune, acting like a referee, confines both the Roman and Carthaginian forces into a narrower and more hazardous battleground at Eryx, where both sides endure extreme hardships and fight to a deadlock like noble gamecocks.

§1.58.1οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἀγαθὸς βραβευτὴς ἡ τύχη μεταβιβάσασα παραβόλως αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ προειρημένου τόπου καὶ τοῦ προϋπάρχοντος ἀθλήματος εἰς παραβολώτερον ἀγώνισμα καὶ τόπον ἐλάττω συνέκλεισεν. §1.58.2ὁ γὰρ Ἀμίλκας, τῶν Ῥωμαίων τὸν Ἔρυκα τηρούντων ἐπί τε τῆς κορυφῆς καὶ παρὰ τὴν ῥίζαν, καθάπερ εἴπομεν, κατελάβετο τὴν πόλιν τῶν Ἐρυκίνων, ἥτις ἦν μεταξὺ τῆς τε κορυφῆς καὶ τῶν πρὸς τῇ ῥίζῃ στρατοπεδευσάντων. §1.58.3ἐξ οὗ συνέβαινε παραβόλως μὲν ὑπομένειν καὶ διακινδυνεύειν πολιορκουμένους τοὺς τὴν κορυφὴν κατέχοντας τῶν Ῥωμαίων, ἀπίστως δὲ τοὺς Καρχηδονίους ἀντέχειν, τῶν τε πολεμίων πανταχόθεν προσκειμένων καὶ τῶν χορηγιῶν οὐ ῥᾳδίως αὐτοῖς παρακομιζομένων, ὡς ἂν τῆς θαλάττης καθʼ ἕνα τόπον καὶ μίαν πρόσοδον ἀντεχομένοις. §1.58.4οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἐνταῦθα πάσαις μὲν ἀμφότεροι ταῖς πολιορκητικαῖς ἐπινοίαις καὶ βίαις χρησάμενοι κατʼ ἀλλήλων, πᾶν δὲ γένος ἐνδείας ἀνασχόμενοι, πάσης δʼ ἐπιθέσεως καὶ μάχης πεῖραν λαβόντες, §1.58.5τέλος οὐχ, ὡς Φάβιός φησιν, ἐξαδυνατοῦντες καὶ περικακοῦντες, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἂν ἀπαθεῖς καὶ ἀήττητοί τινες ἄνδρες ἱερὸν ἐποίησαν τὸν στέφανον. §1.58.6πρότερον γὰρ ἢ ʼκείνους ἀλλήλων ἐπικρατῆσαι, καίπερ δύʼ ἔτη πάλιν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ διαγωνισαμένους, διʼ ἄλλου τρόπου συνέβη λαβεῖν τὸν πόλεμον τὴν κρίσιν. §1.58.7τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ τὸν Ἔρυκα καὶ τὰς πεζικὰς δυνάμεις τοιαύτην ἔσχε διάθεσιν.
Nay, rather, fortune, like a good referee, unexpectedly transferred them from the aforementioned place and the previous contest, and pent them up in a more hazardous struggle and a narrower space. For Hamilcar, while the Romans were guarding Eryx both on the summit and at the foot, as we have said, seized the city of Eryx, which lay between the summit and those encamped at the foot. As a result, it happened that the Romans holding the summit, though besieged, held out and ran hazards in desperate straits, while the Carthaginians resisted with incredible endurance, though the enemy pressed upon them from all sides and supplies were not easily brought to them, inasmuch as they maintained their grasp on the sea by only a single place and a single approach. Nevertheless, here again, both sides employed against each other every device and violence of siege warfare, endured every kind of privation, and experienced every sort of assault and battle, until at last, not, as Fabius says, because they were exhausted and collapsed in despair, but like men untouched by hardship and undefeated, they made the crown sacred. For before either of them could prevail over the other, although they fought for another two years in this very place, it happened that the war reached its decision by other means. Such, then, was the state of affairs at Eryx and the condition of the land forces.
τὰ δὲ πολιτεύματʼ ἦν ἀμφοτέρων παραπλήσια τοῖς ψυχομαχοῦσι τῶν εὐγενῶν ὀρνίθων. §1.58.8ἐκεῖνοί τε γὰρ πολλάκις ἀπολωλεκότες τὰς πτέρυγας διὰ τὴν ἀδυναμίαν, αὐτῇ δὲ τῇ ψυχῇ μένοντες ἐκβάλλουσι τὰς πληγάς, ἕως ἂν αὐτομάτως ποτὲ περιπεσόντες αὑτοῖς καιρίως ἀλλήλων διαδράξωνται, κἄπειτα τούτου γενομένου συμβῇ τὸν ἕτερον αὐτῶν προπεσεῖν· §1.58.9οἵ τε Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ Καρχηδόνιοι κάμνοντες ἤδη τοῖς πόνοις διὰ τὴν συνέχειαν τῶν κινδύνων εἰς τέλος ἀπήλγουν τήν τε δύναμιν παρελέλυντο καὶ παρεῖντο
But the governments of both nations were like noble gamecocks fighting to the death. For these birds, having often lost the use of their wings from exhaustion, but remaining active by their courage alone, deal blow after blow, until they happen to grapple with each other in a deadly clinch at a critical moment, and then, this having happened, one of them falls. So both the Romans and the Carthaginians, already worn out by their labors owing to the continuity of the dangers, were at last reduced to utter exhaustion, and their strength was paralyzed and broken.

Notes

  1. 1.58.1βραβευτής — Meaning 'referee' or 'umpire'. This word continues the athletic metaphor of fist-fighters (πύκται) introduced in 1.57.1, comparing fortune (τύχη) to a referee who controls the course of the battle as if it were an athletic contest.
  2. 1.58.3ὡς ἂν τῆς θαλάττης... ἀντεχομένοις — The dative plural participle ἀντεχομένοις agrees with the preceding dative pronoun αὐτοῖς (referring to the Carthaginians). The construction ὡς ἄν with a participle presents a subjective reason ('inasmuch as they held...').
  3. 1.58.5ἱερὸν ἐποίησαν τὸν στέφανον — Literally 'they made the crown sacred'. An idiomatic expression derived from Greek athletic contests where, in the event of an undecided draw, the crown meant for the victor was dedicated to the god of the sanctuary. Here it denotes that both armies fought to a draw without either side prevailing.
  4. 1.58.9παρελέλυντο καὶ παρεῖντο — Pluperfect middle-passive forms of the verbs παραλύω (to paralyze) and παρίημι (to relax, disable). The subject is the Romans and the Carthaginians from the preceding clause, and the accusative τὴν δύναμιν functions as an accusative of specification ('with respect to their strength'). The exhaustion of national military capabilities is metaphorically described in terms of bodily paralysis and collapse.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §1.58.1-1.58.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.58.1-1.58.9

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