§1.20.1τῆς δʼ ἀγγελίας ἀφικομένης εἰς τὴν σύγκλητον τῶν Ῥωμαίων ὑπὲρ τῶν κατὰ τὸν Ἀκράγαντα, περιχαρεῖς γενόμενοι καὶ ταῖς διανοίαις ἐπαρθέντες οὐκ ἔμενον ἐπὶ τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς λογισμῶν οὐδʼ ἠρκοῦντο σεσωκέναι τοὺς Μαμερτίνους οὐδὲ ταῖς ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ πολέμου γενομέναις ὠφελείαις,
When the news of the events at Agrigentum reached the Roman Senate, they were filled with joy and, their spirits being elated, they did not abide by their original calculations, nor were they satisfied with having saved the Mamertines and with the benefits that had accrued to them from the war itself.
§1.20.2ἐλπίσαντες δὲ καθόλου δυνατὸν εἶναι τοὺς Καρχηδονίους ἐκβαλεῖν ἐκ τῆς νήσου, τούτου δὲ γενομένου μεγάλην ἐπίδοσιν αὑτῶν λήψεσθαι τὰ πράγματα, πρὸς τούτοις ἦσαν τοῖς λογισμοῖς καὶ ταῖς περὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος ἐπινοίαις.
But conceiving the hope that it was possible to expel the Carthaginians entirely from the island, and that, if this were done, their affairs would receive a great advancement, they devoted themselves to these calculations and to projects concerning this matter.
§1.20.3τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ τὰς πεζικὰς δυνάμεις ἑώρων κατὰ λόγον σφίσι προχωροῦντα· §1.20.4μετὰ γὰρ τοὺς τὸν Ἀκράγαντα πολιορκήσαντας οἱ κατασταθέντες στρατηγοὶ Λεύκιος Οὐαλέριος καὶ Τίτος Ὀτακίλιος ἐδόκουν ἐνδεχομένως χειρίζειν τὰ κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν.
Now, as far as their land forces were concerned, they saw that things were progressing favorably for them; for after the consuls who had besieged Agrigentum, the newly appointed generals Lucius Valerius and Titus Otacilius seemed to be managing the affairs in Sicily as well as could be expected.
§1.20.5τῆς δὲ θαλάττης ἀκονιτὶ τῶν Καρχηδονίων ἐπικρατούντων ἐζυγοστατεῖτʼ αὐτοῖς ὁ πόλεμος· §1.20.6ἐν γὰρ τοῖς ἑξῆς χρόνοις, κατεχόντων αὐτῶν ἤδη τὸν Ἀκράγαντα, πολλαὶ μὲν πόλεις προσετίθεντο τῶν μεσογαίων τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις, ἀγωνιῶσαι τὰς πεζικὰς δυνάμεις, ἔτι δὲ πλείους ἀφίσταντο τῶν παραθαλαττίων, καταπεπληγμέναι τὸν τῶν Καρχηδονίων στόλον.
But as the Carthaginians maintained undisputed mastery of the sea, the war remained evenly balanced for them; for in the succeeding period, although the Romans already held Agrigentum, many of the inland cities indeed went over to them, being anxious about their land forces, but still more of the coastal cities revolted from them, being terrified of the Carthaginian fleet.
§1.20.7ὅθεν ὁρῶντες αἰεὶ καὶ μᾶλλον εἰς ἑκάτερα τὰ μέρη ῥοπὰς λαμβάνοντα τὸν πόλεμον διὰ τὰς προειρημένας αἰτίας, ἔτι δὲ τὴν μὲν Ἰταλίαν πορθουμένην πολλάκις ὑπὸ τῆς ναυτικῆς δυνάμεως, τὴν δὲ Λιβύην εἰς τέλος ἀβλαβῆ διαμένουσαν, ὥρμησαν ἐπὶ τὸ συνεμβαίνειν τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις εἰς τὴν θάλατταν.
Hence, seeing that the war was constantly inclining more and more to both sides for the reasons aforesaid, and furthermore that Italy was frequently plundered by the naval force, while Libya remained entirely unharmed, they were impelled to take to the sea to meet the Carthaginians.
§1.20.8διὸ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος οὐχ ἥκιστά με παρώρμησεν ποιήσασθαι μνήμην ἐπὶ πλεῖον τοῦ προειρημένου πολέμου χάριν τοῦ μηδὲ ταύτην ἀγνοεῖσθαι τὴν ἀρχήν, πῶς καὶ πότε καὶ διʼ ἃς αἰτίας πρῶτον ἐνέβησαν εἰς θάλατταν Ῥωμαῖοι.
Therefore, this part also especially impelled me to make mention of the aforesaid war at greater length, for the sake of not leaving even this beginning unknown, namely, how and when and for what reasons the Romans first went to sea.
§1.20.9θεωροῦντες δὲ τὸν πόλεμον αὑτοῖς τριβὴν λαμβάνοντα, τότε πρῶτον ἐπεβάλοντο ναυπηγεῖσθαι σκάφη, πεντηρικὰ μὲν ἑκατόν, εἴκοσι δὲ τριήρεις.
Seeing that the war was dragging on, they then for the first time undertook to build ships, a hundred quinqueremes and twenty triremes.
§1.20.10τῶν δὲ ναυπηγῶν εἰς τέλος ἀπείρων ὄντων τῆς περὶ τὰς πεντήρεις ναυπηγίας διὰ τὸ μηδένα τότε τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν κεχρῆσθαι τοιούτοις σκάφεσιν, πολλὴν αὐτοῖς παρεῖχεν τοῦτο τὸ μέρος δυσχέρειαν.
As their shipwrights were entirely inexperienced in the building of quinqueremes, because no one in Italy then made use of such vessels, this part presented great difficulty to them.
§1.20.11ἐξ ὧν καὶ μάλιστα συνίδοι τις ἂν τὸ μεγαλόψυχον καὶ παράβολον τῆς Ῥωμαίων αἱρέσεως.
From this one may best perceive the greatness of mind and the daring of the Romans' choice.
§1.20.12οὐ γὰρ οἷον εὐλόγους ἀφορμὰς ἔχοντες, ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἀφορμὰς καθάπαξ οὐδʼ ἐπίνοιαν οὐδέποτε ποιησάμενοι τῆς θαλάττης, τότε δὴ πρῶτον ἐν νῷ λαμβάνοντες οὕτως τολμηρῶς ἐνεχείρησαν ὥστε πρὶν ἢ πειραθῆναι τοῦ πράγματος, εὐθὺς ἐπιβαλέσθαι Καρχηδονίοις ναυμαχεῖν τοῖς ἐκ προγόνων ἔχουσι τὴν κατὰ θάλατταν ἡγεμονίαν ἀδήριτον.
For it was not as if they had reasonable resources, but having absolutely no resources at all, and having never before given a thought to the sea, they then for the first time took it into their minds and made so bold an attempt that, before they had any experience of the matter, they immediately undertook to fight at sea against the Carthaginians, who had held the undisputed empire of the sea from their ancestors.
§1.20.13μαρτυρίῳ δʼ ἄν τις χρήσαιτο πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τῶν νῦν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ λεγομένων καὶ πρὸς τὸ παράδοξον αὐτῶν τῆς τόλμης· ὅτε γὰρ τὸ πρῶτον ἐπεχείρησαν διαβιβάζειν εἰς τὴν Μεσσήνην τὰς δυνάμεις, οὐχ οἷον κατάφρακτος αὐτοῖς ὑπῆρχεν ναῦς, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ καθόλου μακρὸν πλοῖον οὐδὲ λέμβος οὐδʼ εἷς, §1.20.14ἀλλὰ παρὰ Ταραντίνων καὶ Λοκρῶν ἔτι δʼ Ἐλεατῶν καὶ Νεαπολιτῶν συγχρησάμενοι πεντηκοντόρους καὶ τριήρεις ἐπὶ τούτων παραβόλως διεκόμισαν τοὺς ἄνδρας.
One might take as a proof of the truth of what I am now saying, and of the extraordinary nature of their daring, the fact that when they first attempted to transport their forces to Messene, not only did they have no decked ship, but they did not possess a single long vessel or even a skiff; but borrowing fifty-oared vessels and triremes from the Tarentines and Locrians, and also from the Eleats and Neapolitans, they transported their men on these at great hazard.
§1.20.15ἐν ᾧ δὴ καιρῷ τῶν Καρχηδονίων κατὰ τὸν πορθμὸν ἐπαναχθέντων αὐτοῖς, καὶ μιᾶς νεὼς καταφράκτου διὰ τὴν προθυμίαν προπεσούσης, ὥστʼ ἐποκείλασαν γενέσθαι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ὑποχείριον, ταύτῃ παραδείγματι χρώμενοι τότε πρὸς ταύτην ἐποιοῦντο τὴν τοῦ παντὸς στόλου ναυπηγίαν,
At which time, when the Carthaginians put out to sea against them in the strait, a decked ship, owing to its eagerness, ran ahead so far that it went aground and fell into the hands of the Romans; and using this as a model, they then built their entire fleet.
§1.20.16ὡς εἰ μὴ τοῦτο συνέβη γενέσθαι, δῆλον ὡς διὰ τὴν ἀπειρίαν εἰς τέλος ἂν ἐκωλύ
so that it is clear that, had this not happened, they would have been prevented to the end by their lack of experience…