§1.12.1εἰς τὰς Συρακούσας.
to Syracuse.
τῇ δὲ κατὰ πόδας ἡμέρᾳ γνοὺς Ἄππιος τὴν ἀπόλυσιν τῶν προειρημένων καὶ γενόμενος εὐθαρσὴς ἔκρινε μὴ μέλλειν, ἀλλʼ ἐγχειρεῖν τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις.
On the following day, Appius, learning of the departure of the aforementioned and becoming encouraged, decided not to delay but to attack the Carthaginians.
§1.12.2παραγγείλας οὖν τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐν ὥρᾳ γίνεσθαι τὴν θεραπείαν, ἅμα τῷ φωτὶ τὴν ἔξοδον ἐποιεῖτο.
Therefore, having ordered the soldiers to take their meal in good time, he made his sortie at daybreak.
§1.12.3συμβαλὼν δὲ τοῖς ὑπεναντίοις πολλοὺς μὲν αὐτῶν ἀπέκτεινε, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἠνάγκασε φυγεῖν προτροπάδην εἰς τὰς παρακειμένας πόλεις.
Engaging with the opponents, he killed many of them and forced the rest to flee headlong into the neighboring cities.
§1.12.4χρησάμενος δὲ τοῖς εὐτυχήμασι τούτοις καὶ λύσας τὴν πολιορκίαν, λοιπὸν ἐπιπορευόμενος ἀδεῶς ἐπόρθει τήν τε τῶν Συρακοσίων καὶ τὴν τῶν συμμαχούντων αὐτοῖς χώραν, οὐδενὸς ἀντιποιουμένου τῶν ὑπαίθρων· τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον προσκαθίσας αὐτὰς ἐπεβάλετο πολιορκεῖν τὰς Συρακούσας.
Having profited by these successes and raised the siege, he thereafter marched fearlessly, plundering the territory of both the Syracusans and their allies, as no one disputed his possession of the open country; and finally, sitting down before Syracuse itself, he undertook to besiege it.
§1.12.5ἡ μὲν οὖν πρώτη Ῥωμαίων ἐκ τῆς Ἰταλίας διάβασις μετὰ δυνάμεως ἥδε καὶ διὰ ταῦτα καὶ κατὰ τούτους ἐγένετο τοὺς καιρούς,
Such, then, was the first crossing of the Romans from Italy with an army, and it took place for these reasons and at these times.
§1.12.6ἣν οἰκειοτάτην κρίναντες ἀρχὴν εἶναι τῆς ὅλης προθέσεως, ἀπὸ ταύτης ἐποιησάμεθα τὴν ἐπίστασιν, ἀναδραμόντες ἔτι τοῖς χρόνοις τοῦ μηδὲν ἀπόρημα καταλιπεῖν ὑπὲρ τῶν κατὰ τὰς αἰτίας ἀποδείξεων.
We, judging this to be the most appropriate starting point for our entire project, have made our beginning from here, having run back in time so as to leave no doubt regarding the demonstration of the causes.
§1.12.7τῷ γὰρ πῶς καὶ πότε πταίσαντες αὐτῇ τῇ πατρίδι Ῥωμαῖοι τῆς ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον ἤρξαντο προκοπῆς καὶ πότε πάλιν καὶ πῶς κρατήσαντες τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν τοῖς ἐκτὸς ἐπιχειρεῖν ἐπεβάλοντο πράγμασιν, ἀναγκαῖον ὑπελάβομεν εἶναι παρακολουθῆσαι τοῖς μέλλουσι καὶ τὸ κεφάλαιον αὐτῶν τῆς νῦν ὑπεροχῆς δεόντως συνόψεσθαι.
For, in order that those who are to follow the history may properly grasp the general view of their present supremacy, we deemed it necessary to understand how and when the Romans, after experiencing disasters in their own homeland, began their progress towards improvement, and again when and how, having subdued the peoples of Italy, they undertook to meddle in foreign affairs.
§1.12.8διόπερ οὐ χρὴ θαυμάζειν οὐδʼ ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς, ἐάν που προσανατρέχωμεν τοῖς χρόνοις περὶ τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων πολιτευμάτων.
Therefore, one must not wonder even in what follows, if we run back in time on occasion regarding the most famous constitutions.
§1.12.9τοῦτο γὰρ ποιήσομεν χάριν τοῦ λαμβάνειν ἀρχὰς τοιαύτας, ἐξ ὧν ἔσται σαφῶς κατανοεῖν ἐκ τίνων ἕκαστοι καὶ πότε καὶ πῶς ὁρμηθέντες εἰς ταύτας παρεγένοντο τὰς διαθέσεις, ἐν αἷς ὑπάρχουσι νῦν.
For we shall do this for the sake of obtaining such starting points as will make it possible to understand clearly from what origins, and when, and how, each nation started and arrived at the present state of affairs in which they now exist.
ὃ δὴ καὶ περὶ Ῥωμαίων ἄρτι πεποιήκαμεν.
Indeed, this is exactly what we have just done in the case of the Romans.