§39ἦ που διὰ τὸν παρόντα φόβον πολλὰ μὲν ᾠήθησαν ἰδεῖν ὧν οὐκ εἶδον, πολλὰ δʼ ἀκοῦσαι ὧν οὐκ ἤκουσαν.
Surely because of the present fear they thought they saw many things which they did not see, and heard many things which they did not hear.
ποῖαι δʼ οὐχ ἱκετεῖαι θεῶν ἐγένοντο ἢ θυσιῶν ἀναμνήσεις, ἔλεός τε παίδων καὶ γυναικῶν πόθος οἶκτός τε πατέρων καὶ μητέρων, λογισμὸς δʼ, εἰ δυστυχήσειαν, τῶν μελλόντων ἔσεσθαι κακῶν;
What kind of supplications to the gods did not take place, or what reminders of sacrifices, and what pity for children, and longing for wives, and lament for fathers and mothers, and, if they should meet with misfortune, what reckoning of the evils that were to be?
§40τίς οὐκ ἂν θεῶν ἠλέησεν αὐτοὺς ὑπὲρ τοῦ μεγέθους τοῦ κινδύνου;
Who of the gods would not have pitied them for the greatness of the danger?
ἢ τίς ἀνθρώπων οὐκ ἂν ἐδάκρυσεν;
Or who of men would not have wept?
ἢ τίς τῆς τόλμης αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἂν ἠγάσθη;
Or who would not have admired them for their daring?
ἦ πολὺ πλεῖστον ἐκεῖνοι κατὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων διήνεγκαν καὶ ἐν τοῖς βουλεύμασι καὶ ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πολέμου κινδύνοις, ἐκλιπόντες μὲν τὴν πόλιν, εἰς τὰς ναῦς δʼ ἐμβάντες, τὰς δʼ αὑτῶν ψυχὰς ὀλίγας οὔσας ἀντιτάξαντες τῷ πλήθει τῷ τῆς Ἀσίας ἐπέδειξαν δὲ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, §41νικήσαντες τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ, ὅτι κρεῖττον μετʼ ὀλίγων ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας κινδυνεύειν ἢ μετὰ πολλῶν βασιλευομένων ὑπὲρ τῆς αὑτῶν δουλείας.
Indeed, they far surpassed all mankind in virtue, both in their counsels and in the dangers of war, by leaving their city, embarking on their ships, and setting their own lives, which were few, against the multitude of Asia; and they demonstrated to all mankind, by winning the sea-fight, that it is better to face danger for freedom with a few, than for their own slavery with many subjects.
§42πλεῖστα δὲ καὶ κάλλιστα ἐκεῖνοι ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐλευθερίας συνεβάλοντο, στρατηγὸν μὲν Θεμιστοκλέα, ἱκανώτατον εἰπεῖν καὶ γνῶναι καὶ πρᾶξαι, ναῦς δὲ πλείους τῶν ἄλλων συμμάχων, ἄνδρας δʼ ἐμπειροτάτους.
And they contributed the most and the finest things on behalf of the freedom of the Greeks: Themistocles as general, who was most capable of speaking, knowing, and acting; and more ships than the other allies; and the most experienced men.
καὶ γὰρ τίνες ἂν τούτοις τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων ἤρισαν γνώμῃ καὶ πλήθει καὶ ἀρετῇ;
For indeed, who of the other Greeks could have vied with them in counsel, in number, and in virtue?
§43ὥστε δικαίως μὲν ἀναμφισβήτητα τἀριστεῖα τῆς ναυμαχίας ἔλαβον παρὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος, εἰκότως δὲ τὴν εὐτυχίαν ὁμονοοῦσαν τοῖς κινδύνοις ἐκτήσαντο, γνησίαν δὲ καὶ αὐτόχθονα τοῖς ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας βαρβάροις τὴν αὑτῶν ἀρετὴν ἐπεδείξαντο.
So that they justly received the undisputed prize of valor in the sea-fight from Greece, and naturally acquired a success matching their dangers, and demonstrated to the barbarians from Asia that their own virtue was genuine and native to the soil.
§44ἐν μὲν οὖν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ τοιούτους αὑτοὺς παρασχόντες καὶ πολὺ πλεῖστον τῶν κινδύνων μετασχόντες τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἀρετῇ κοινὴν τὴν ἐλευθερίαν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐκτήσαντο·
In the sea-fight, then, having shown themselves to be of such a character and having shared in the greatest part of the dangers, they acquired by their own virtue a common freedom also for the others.
ὕστερον δὲ Πελοποννησίων διατειχιζόντων τὸν Ἰσθμόν, καὶ ἀγαπώντων μὲν τῇ σωτηρίᾳ, νομιζόντων δʼ ἀπηλλάχθαι τοῦ κατὰ θάλατταν κινδύνου, καὶ διανοουμένων τοὺς ἄλλους Ἕλληνας περιιδεῖν ὑπὸ τοῖς βαρβάροις γενομένους, §45ὀργισθέντες Ἀθηναῖοι συνεβούλευον αὐτοῖς, εἰ ταύτην τὴν γνώμην ἕξουσι, περὶ ἅπασαν τὴν Πελοπόννησον τεῖχος περιβαλεῖν· εἰ γὰρ αὐτοὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων προδιδόμενοι μετὰ τῶν βαρβάρων ἔσονται, οὔτʼ ἐκείνοις δεήσειν χιλίων νεῶν οὔτε τούτους ὠφελήσειν τὸ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ τεῖχος· ἀκινδύνως γὰρ ἔσεσθαι τὴν τῆς θαλάττης ἀρχὴν βασιλέως.
But later, when the Peloponnesians were building a wall across the Isthmus, and were content with their own salvation, thinking that they were rid of the danger from the sea, and intending to overlook the other Greeks falling under the power of the barbarians, the Athenians, being angry, advised them that, if they held this opinion, they should build a wall around the whole Peloponnese; for if they themselves, being betrayed by the Greeks, should join the barbarians, neither would those men have need of a thousand ships, nor would the wall at the Isthmus benefit these; for the empire of the sea would belong to the King without danger.
§46διδασκόμενοι δὲ καὶ νομίζοντες αὐτοὶ μὲν ἄδικά τε ποιεῖν καὶ κακῶς βουλεύεσθαι, Ἀθηναίους δὲ δίκαιά τε λέγειν καὶ τὰ βέλτιστα αὐτοῖς παραινεῖν, ἐβοήθησαν εἰς Πλαταιάς·
And being taught and believing that they themselves were doing what was unjust and planning badly, while the Athenians were speaking what was just and advising them for the best, they went to the rescue at Plataea.
ἀποδράντων δὲ ὑπὸ νύκτα τῶν πλείστων συμμάχων ἐκ τῶν τάξεων διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πολεμίων, Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν καὶ Τεγεᾶται τοὺς βαρβάρους ἐτρέψαντο, Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καὶ Πλαταιεῖς πάντας τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐνίκων μαχόμενοι τοὺς ἀπογνόντας τῆς ἐλευθερίας καὶ ὑπομείναντας τὴν δουλείαν.
And when most of the allies had fled from their posts during the night because of the multitude of the enemy, the Lacedaemonians and Tegeans routed the barbarians, while the Athenians and Plataeans fought and conquered all the Greeks who had despaired of freedom and submitted to slavery.
§47ἐν ἐκείνῃ δὲ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ καλλίστην τελευτὴν τοῖς προτέροις κινδύνοις ἐπιθέντες, βέβαιον μὲν τὴν ἐλευθερίαν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ κατειργάσαντο, ἐν ἅπασι δὲ τοῖς κινδύνοις δόντες ἔλεγχον τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀρετῆς, καὶ μόνοι καὶ μεθʼ ἑτέρων, καὶ πεζομαχοῦντες καὶ ναυμαχοῦντες, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους καὶ πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ὑπὸ πάντων ἠξιώθησαν, καὶ μεθʼ ὧν ἐκινδύνευον καὶ πρὸς οὓς ἐπολέμουν, ἡγεμόνες γενέσθαι τῆς Ἑλλάδος.
On that day, having put the finest end to their former dangers, they secured freedom for Europe; and having given proof of their own virtue in all dangers, both alone and with others, both on land and at sea, both against the barbarians and against the Greeks, they were deemed worthy by all—both those with whom they shared dangers and those against whom they fought—to become the leaders of Greece.
§48ὑστέρῳ δὲ χρόνῳ Ἑλληνικοῦ πολέμου καταστάντος διὰ ζῆλον τῶν γεγενημένων καὶ φθόνον τῶν πεπραγμένων, μέγα μὲν ἅπαντες φρονοῦντες, μικρῶν δʼ ἐγκλημάτων ἕκαστοι δεόμενοι, ναυμαχίας Ἀθηναίοις πρὸς Αἰγινήτας καὶ τοὺς ἐκείνων συμμάχους γενομένης ἑβδομήκοντα τριήρεις αὐτῶν ἐλάμβανον.
At a later time, a Greek war having arisen because of rivalry for what had happened and envy of what had been achieved, all being high-minded, and each needing but small pretexts, when a sea-fight took place between the Athenians and the Aeginetans and their allies, the Athenians captured seventy of their triremes.
§49πολιορκούντων δὲ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Αἴγυπτόν τε καὶ Αἴγιναν, καὶ τῆς ἡλικίας ἀπούσης ἔν τε ταῖς ναυσὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ πεζῷ στρατεύματι, Κορίνθιοι καὶ οἱ ἐκείνων σύμμαχοι, ἡγούμενοι ἢ εἰς ἔρημον τὴν χώραν ἐμβαλεῖν ἢ ἐξ Αἰγίνης ἄξειν τὸ στρατόπεδον, ἐξελθόντες πανδημεὶ Γεράνειαν κατέλαβον·
While they were besieging both Egypt and Aegina at the same time, and their military-aged men were away both in the ships and in the land army, the Corinthians and their allies, thinking either that they would invade a deserted territory or that they would draw the army away from Aegina, marched out in full force and occupied Geraneia.