§149XXΙX Τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν αἱ μέν εἰσι φυσικαὶ καὶ 〈ἀναγκαῖαι, 149 αἱ δὲ φυσικαὶ καὶ〉 οὐκ ἀναγκαῖαι, αἱ δὲ οὔτε φυσικαὶ οὔτε ἀναγκαῖαι, ἀλλὰ παρὰ κενὴν δόξαν γινόμεναι. (φυσικὰς καὶ ἀναγκαίας ἡγεῖται ὁ Ἐπίκουρος τὰς ἀλγηδόνος ἀπολυούσας, ὡς ποτὸν ἐπὶ δίψους· φυσικὰς δὲ οὐκ ἀναγκαίας δὲ τάς ποικιλλούσας μόνον τὴν ἡδονήν, μὴ ὑπεξαιρουμένας δὲ τὸ ἄλγημα, ὡς πολυτελῆ σιτία· οὔτε δὲ φυσικὰς οὔτε ἀναγκαίας, ὡς στεφάνους καὶ ἀνδριάντων ἀναθέσεις. )
XXX Ἐν αἷς τῶν φυσικῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν, μὴ ἐπ’ ἀλγοῦν δὲ ἐπαναγουσῶν ἐὰν μὴ συντελεσθῶσιν, ὑπάρχει ἡ σπουδὴ σύντονος, παρὰ κενὴν δόξαν αὗται γίνονται, καὶ οὐ παρὰ τὴν ἑαυτῶν φύσιν οὐ διαχέονται ἀλλὰ παρὰ τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κενοδοξίαν.
XXIX Of desires, some are natural and 〈necessary, 149 others are natural but〉 not necessary, and others are neither natural nor necessary, but arise from vain opinion. (Epicurus regards as natural and necessary those which relieve pain, such as drink when we are thirsty; and as natural but not necessary those which only vary pleasure but do not remove pain, such as expensive food; and as neither natural nor necessary, such as crowns and the erection of statues.) XXX Among those natural desires which do not lead to pain if they are not fulfilled, when intense eagerness is present, these arise from vain opinion; and it is not because of their own nature that they are not dissipated, but because of the vain opinion of the human being.
§150XXXΙ Τὸ τῆς φύσεως δίκαιόν ἐστι σύμβολον τοῦ συμφέροντος 150 εἰς τὸ μὴ βλάπτειν ἀλλήλους μηδὲ βλάπτεσθαι.
XXXI The justice of nature is a pledge of utility 150, to the end that they may not harm one another nor be harmed.
XXXΙΙ Ὅσα τῶν ζῴων μὴ ἐδύνατο συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι τὰς ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ βλάπτειν ἄλληλα μηδὲ βλάπτεσθαι, πρὸς ταῦτα οὐθὲν ἦν δίκαιον οὐδὲ ἄδικον· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν ὅσα μὴ ἐδύνατο ἢ μὴ ἐβούλετο τὰς συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι τὰς ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ βλάπτειν μηδὲ βλάπτεσθαι.
XXXII For all those animals which were unable to make covenants not to harm one another nor be harmed, there was neither justice nor injustice; and likewise also for those nations which were unable or unwilling to make covenants not to harm nor be harmed.
XXXΙΙΙ Οὐκ ἦν τι καθ’ ἑαυτὸ δικαιοσύνη, ἀλλ’ ἐν ταῖς μετ’ ἀλλήλων συστροφαῖς καθ’ ὁπηλίκους δήποτε ἀεὶ τόπους συνθήκη τις ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ βλάπτειν ἢ βλάπτεσθαι.
XXXIII Justice was not a thing in its own right, but in mutual associations, in whatever localities and at whatever times, a certain covenant not to harm or be harmed.
§151XXXΙV Ἡ ἀδικία οὐ καθ’ ἑαυτὴν κακόν, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ κατὰ p. 79 τὴν ὑποψίαν φόβῳ, εἰ μὴ λήσει τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῶν τοιούτων ἐφεστηκότας κολαστάς.
XXXIV Injustice is not an evil in itself, but only in the fear arising from p. 79 anxiety that one will not escape the notice of those appointed to punish such actions.
XXXV Οὐκ ἔστι τὸν λάθρα τι ποιοῦντα ὧν συνέθεντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους εἰς τὸ μὴ βλάπτειν μηδὲ βλάπτεσθαι, πιστεύειν ὅτι λήσει, κἂν μυριάκις ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος λανθάνῃ.
XXXV It is impossible for one who secretly does anything in violation of the agreements they made with one another not to harm or be harmed, to feel confident that he will escape detection, even if he escapes detection ten thousand times at present.
μέχρι γὰρ καταστροφῆς ἄδηλον εἰ καὶ λήσει.
For until his death, it remains uncertain whether he will actually escape detection.
XXXVΙ Κατὰ μὲν κοινὸν πᾶσι τὸ δίκαιον τὸ αὐτό, συμφέρον γάρ τι ἦν ἐν τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους κοινωνίᾳ· κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἴδιον χώρας καὶ ὅσων δήποτε αἰτίων οὐ πᾶσι συνέπεται τὸ αὐτὸ δίκαιον εἶναι.
XXXVI In general, justice is the same for all, for it was something useful in mutual association; but in its application to particular countries and other circumstances, it does not follow that the same thing is just for all.
§152XXXVΙΙ Τὸ μὲν ἐπιμαρτυρούμενον ὅτι συμφέρει ἐν ταῖς χρείαις τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους κοινωνίας τῶν νομισθέντων εἶναι δικαίων, ἔχει τὸ ἐν τοῦ δικαίου χώρᾳ εἶναι, ἐάν τε τὸ αὐτὸ πᾶσι γένηται ἐάν τε μὴ τὸ αὐτό.
XXXVII Among those things deemed to be just, whatever is confirmed to be useful in the needs of mutual association has the status of justice, whether it is the same for all or not.
ἐὰν δὲ νόμον θῆταί τις, μὴ ἀποβαίνῃ δὲ κατὰ τὸ συμφέρον τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους κοινωνίας, οὐκέτι τοῦτο τὴν τοῦ δικαίου φύσιν ἔχει.
But if someone establishes a law, and it does not turn out to be in accordance with the utility of mutual association, it no longer has the nature of justice.
κἂν μεταπίπτῃ τὸ κατὰ τὸ δίκαιον συμφέρον, χρόνον δέ τινα εἰς τὴν πρόληψιν ἐναρμόττῃ, οὐδὲν ἧττον ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον ἦν δίκαιον τοῖς μὴ φωναῖς κεναῖς ἑαυτοὺς συνταράττουσιν ἀλλ’ εἰς τὰ πράγματα βλέπουσιν.
And even if the utility according to justice changes, but for a certain time it still fits our preconception, it was nonetheless just during that time for those who do not confuse themselves with empty words but look at the facts.
§153XXXVΙΙΙ Ἔνθα μὴ καινῶν γενομένων τῶν περιεστώτων πραγμάτων ἀνεφάνη μὴ ἁρμόττοντα εἰς τὴν πρόληψιν τὰ νομισθέντα δίκαια ἐπ’ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων, οὐκ ἦν ταῦτα δίκαια.
XXXVIII Where, without any change in surrounding circumstances, things deemed to be just have been shown in actual practice not to be in harmony with our preconception, they were not just.
ἔνθα δὲ καινῶν γενομένων τῶν πραγμάτων οὐκέτι συνέφερε τὰ αὐτὰ δίκαια κείμενα, ἐνταῦθα δὴ τότε μὲν ἦν δίκαια, ὅτε συνέφερεν εἰς τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους κοινωνίαν τῶν συμπολιτευομένων· ὕστερον δ’ οὐκ ἦν ἔτι δίκαια, ὅτε μὴ συνέφερεν.
But where, when circumstances have changed, the established just rules are no longer useful, in that case they were indeed just at that time, as long as they were useful for the mutual association of fellow citizens, but later they were no longer just when they were no longer useful.
§154XXXΙX Ὁ τὸ μὴ θαρροῦν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἄριστα συστησάμενος οὗτος τὰ μὲν δυνατὰ ὁμόφυλα κατεσκευάσατο, τὰ δὲ μὴ δυνατὰ οὐκ ἀλλόφυλά γε· ὅσα δὲ μηδὲ τοῦτο δυνατὸς ἦν, ἀνεπίμεικτος ἐγένετο, καὶ ἐξηρείσατο ὅσα τοῦτ’ ἐλυσιτέλει πράττειν.
XXXIX He who has best organized his safety against external threats made those things which he could akin to himself, and those which he could not at least not alien; and where he was not even able to do this, he avoided intercourse with them, and excluded them from his affairs as far as it was advantageous to do so.
XL Ὅσοι τὴν δύναμιν ἔσχον τοῦ τὸ θαρρεῖν μάλιστα ἐκ τῶν ὁμορούντων παρασκευάσασθαι, οὗτοι καὶ ἐβίωσαν μετ’ ἀλλήλων ἥδιστα τὸ βεβαιότατον πίστωμα ἔχοντες, καὶ πληρεστάτην οἰκειότητα ἀπολαβόντες οὐκ ὠδύραντο ὡς πρὸς ἔλεον τὴν τοῦ τελευτήσαντος προκαταστροφήν.
XL Those who possessed the power to secure themselves completely against their neighbors lived with one another in the most pleasant association, having the most secure pledge of trust; and having enjoyed the fullest intimacy, they did not lament the premature death of a deceased companion as if it were a matter for pity.