§95καὶ γὰρ παρ’ἡμῖν θεωρεῖται πολλὰ μὲν ἐξ ἑαυτῶν ἔχοντα, πολλὰ δὲ ἀφ’ ἑτέρων.
For in our experience too, many things are observed to have light from themselves, and many from other things.
καὶ οὐθὲν ἐμποδοστατεῖ τῶν ἐν τοῖς μετεώροις φαινομένων, ἐάν τις τοῦ πλεοναχοῦ τρόπου ἀεὶ μνήμην ἔχῃ καὶ τὰς ἀκολούθους αὐτοῖς ὑποθέσεις ἅμα καὶ αἰτίας συνθεωρῇ καὶ μὴ ἀναβλέπων εἰς τὰ ἀνακόλουθα ταῦτ’ ὀγκοῖ ματαίως καὶ καταρρέπῃ ἄλλοτε ἄλλως ἐπὶ τὸν μοναχὸν τρόπον.
And none of the celestial phenomena stands in the way, if one always keeps in mind the method of multiple explanations and at the same time co-observes the hypotheses and causes consistent with them, and does not, by looking away to the inconsistent things, vainly puff up these matters and incline at one time or another toward the single explanation.
Ἡ δὲ ἔμφασις τοῦ προσώπου ἐν αὐτῇ δύναται μὲν γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ παραλλαγὴν μερῶν καὶ κατ’ ἐπιπρόσθησιν, καὶ ὅσοι ποτ’ ἂν τρόποι θεωροῖντο τὸ σύμφωνον τοῖς φαινομένοις κεκτημένοι.
And the appearance of a face in the moon can occur both by the variation of its parts and by obstruction, and indeed as many ways as might be observed to possess agreement with the phenomena.
§96ἐπὶ πάντων γὰρ τῶν μετεώρων τὴν τοιαύτην ἴχνευσιν οὐ προετέον.
For in all celestial phenomena, such tracking must not be abandoned.
ἢν γάρ τις ᾖ μαχόμενος τοῖς ἐναργήμασιν, οὐδέποτε μὴ δυνήσεται ἀταραξίας γνησίου μεταλαβεῖν.
For if one is in conflict with the clear facts, one will never be able to share in genuine peace of mind (ataraxia).
Ἔκλειψις ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης δύναται μὲν γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ σβέσιν, καθάπερ καὶ παρὰ ἡμῖν τοῦτο θεωρεῖται γινόμενον· καὶ ἔτι κατ’ ἐπιπρόσθησιν ἄλλων τινῶν, ἢ γῆς ἢ οὐρανοῦ ἢ τινος ἑτέρου τοιούτου.
An eclipse of the sun and moon can occur both by quenching, just as this is also observed to happen in our experience; and furthermore by the obstruction of certain other bodies, either the earth or the heaven or some other such thing.
καὶ ὧδε τοὺς οἰκείους ἀλλήλοις τρόπους συνθεωρητέον, καὶ τὰς ἅμα συγκυρήσεις τινῶν ὅτι οὐκ ἀδύνατον γίνεσθαι. (ἐν δὲ τῇ ῑβ̄̄ Περὶ φύσεως ταὐτὰ λέγει καὶ πρός, ἥλιον ἐκλείπειν σελήνης ἐπισκοτούσης, σελήνην δὲ τοῦ τῆς γῆς σκιάσματος, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατ’ ἀναχώρησιν.
And in this way, one must co-observe the explanations suited to one another, and that the simultaneous occurrences of certain things are not impossible to happen. (And in the twelfth book of "On Nature" he says the same things, and further, that the sun eclipses when the moon darkens it, and the moon by the shadow of the earth, but also by withdrawal.
§97τοῦτο δὲ καὶ Διογένης ὁ Ἐπικούρειος ἐν τῇ ᾱ τῶν Ἐπιλέκτων. ) Ἔτι τε τάξις περιόδου, καθάπερ ἔνια καὶ παρ’ ἡμῖν τῶν τυχόντων γίνεται, λαμβανέσθω· καὶ ἡ θεία φύσις πρὸς ταῦτα μηδαμῇ προσαγέσθω, ἀλλ’ ἀλειτούργητος διατηρείσθω καὶ ἐν τῇ πάσῃ μακαριότητι.
And Diogenes the Epicurean also says this in the first book of the "Select Lectures".) Furthermore, let the order of a period be accepted, just as some ordinary things in our experience happen; and let the divine nature by no means be brought into these matters, but let it be preserved free from duties and in all its blessedness.
ὡς εἰ τοῦτο μὴ πραχθήσεται, ἅπασα ἡ τῶν μετεώρων αἰτιολογία ματαία ἔσται, καθάπερ τισὶν ἤδη ἐγένετο οὐ δυνατοῦ τρόπου ἐφαψαμένοις, εἰς δὲ τὸ μάταιον ἐκπεσοῦσι τῷ καθ’ ἕνα τρόπον μόνον οἴεσθαι γίνεσθαι, τοὺς δ’ ἄλλους πάντας τοὺς κατὰ τὸ ἐνδεχόμενον ἐκβάλλειν εἴς τε τὸ ἀδιανόητον φερομένους καὶ τὰ φαινόμενα, ἃ δεῖ σημεῖα ἀποδέχεσθαι, μὴ δυναμένους συνθεωρεῖν.
Since if this is not done, the whole explanation of the causes of celestial phenomena will be in vain, as has already happened to some who, having laid hold of an impossible method, fell into vanity by thinking that things occur only in one way, and by rejecting all other ways that are possible, being carried into the inconceivable, and being unable to co-observe the phenomena which must be accepted as signs.
§98Μήκη νυκτῶν καὶ ἡμερῶν παραλλάττοντα. . . καὶ παρὰ τὸ ταχείας ἡλίου κινήσεις γίνεσθαι καὶ πάλιν βραδείας 〈καὶ〉 (ὑπὲρ γῆς) παρὰ τὸ μήκη τόπων παραλλάττοντα. . . (καὶ τόπους τινὰς περαιοῦντα τάχιον), ὡς καὶ παρὰ ἡμῖν (ἢ καὶ βραδύτερον) τινα θεωρεῖται, οἷς συμφώνως δεῖ λέγειν ἐπὶ τῶν μετεώρων.
The varying lengths of nights and days... both by the occurrence of rapid and again slow movements of the sun, and (above the earth) by the varying lengths of places... (and by traversing some places more quickly), just as some things in our experience are also observed (or even more slowly), in agreement with which one must speak concerning celestial phenomena.
οἱ δὲ τὸ ἓν λαμβάνοντες τοῖς τε φαινομένοις μάχονται καὶ τοῦ ᾗ δυνατὸν ἀνθρώπῳ θεωρῆσαι διαπεπτώκασιν.
But those who adopt the single explanation are in conflict with the phenomena and have fallen away from the way in which it is possible for a human to observe.
Ἐπισημασίαι δύνανται γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ συγκυρήσεις καιρῶν, καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς ἐμφανέσι παρ’ ἡμῖν ζῴοις, καὶ παρ’ ἑτεροιώσεις ἀέρος καὶ μεταβολάς· §99ἀμφότερα γὰρ ταῦτα οὐ μάχεται τοῖς φαινομένοις.
Weather signs can occur both by the coincidences of seasons, just as in the visible animals in our experience, and by alterations and changes in the air; for both of these are not in conflict with the phenomena.
ἐπὶ δὲ ποίοις παρὰ τοῦτο ἢ τοῦτο τὸ αἴτιον γίνεται, οὐκ ἔστι συνιδεῖν.
But under what conditions it happens because of this or that cause, it is not possible to discern.
Νέφη δύναται γίνεσθαι καὶ συνίστασθαι καὶ παρὰ πιλήσεις ἀέρος πνευμάτων συνώσει καὶ παρὰ περιπλοκὰς ἀλληλούχων ἀτόμων καὶ ἐπιτηδείων εἰς τὸ τοῦτο τελέσαι καὶ κατὰ ῥευμάτων συλλογὴν ἀπό τε γῆς καὶ ὑδάτων· καὶ κατ’ ἄλλους δὲ τρόπους πλείους αἱ τῶν τοιούτων συστάσεις οὐκ ἀδυνατοῦσι συντελεῖσθαι.
Clouds can occur and be formed both by condensations of air through the pressure of winds, and by the entanglements of atoms holding one another and suitable for accomplishing this, and by the collection of flows from both earth and waters; and in several other ways, the formations of such things are not impossible to be completed.
Ἤδη δ’ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ᾗ μὲν θλιβομένων, ᾗ δὲ μεταβαλλόντων ὕδατα δύναται συντελεῖσθαι, §100ἔτι τε (πνεύματα κατὰ ἀποφορὰν ἀπὸ ἐπιτηδείων τόπων) καὶ δι’ ἀέρος κινουμένων, βιαιοτέρας ἐπαρδεύσεως γινομένης ἀπό τινων ἀθροισμάτων ἐπιτηδείων εἰς τὰς τοιαύτας ἐπιπέμψεις.
And already from them, partly being squeezed, and partly changing, rain can be completed, and furthermore (winds by emanation from suitable places) and being moved through the air, while a more violent irrigation occurs from certain accumulations suitable for such sendings.
Βροντὰς ἐνδέχεται γίνεσθαι καὶ κατὰ πνεύματος ἐν τοῖς κοιλώμασι τῶν νεφῶν ἀνείλησιν, καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις ἀγγείοις, καὶ παρὰ πυρὸς πεπνευματωμένου βόμβον ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ κατὰ ῥήξεις δὲ νεφῶν καὶ διαστάσεις, καὶ κατὰ παρατρίψεις νεφῶν καὶ †τάξεις πῆξιν εἰληφότων κρυσταλλοειδῆ· καὶ τὸ ὅλον καὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος πλεοναχῶς γίνεσθαι λέγειν ἐκκαλεῖται τὰ φαινόμενα.
Thunders can occur both by the confinement of wind in the hollows of the clouds, just as in our vessels, and by the rumbling of wind-swept fire in them, and also by the ruptures and divisions of clouds, and by the frictions of clouds and collisions of those that have taken a crystal-like solidification; and in general, the phenomena call for saying that this part also occurs in multiple ways.