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Septuagint · Zechariah §7.1-7.14

Question on Fasting and the Call for True Justice

Passage 7 of 14 · Greek

Summary

In the fourth year of King Darius, envoys sent from Bethel ask whether they should continue their custom of fasting. In response, the Lord recalls the history of their ancestors who suffered exile due to disobedience, and demands true justice and mercy rather than mere ritual fasting.

§7.1Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ τετάρτῳ ἔτει ἐπὶ Δαρείου τοῦ βασιλέως ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρὸς Ζαχαρίαν, τετράδι τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ ἐνάτου ὅς ἐστιν Χασελεύ·
And it came to pass in the fourth year of King Darius, that the word of the Lord came to Zechariah on the fourth day of the ninth month, which is Chislev.
§7.2καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν εἰς Βαιθὴλ Σαράσαρ καὶ Ἀρβεσεἐρ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες αὐτοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι τὸν κύριον, §7.3λέγων πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς τοὺς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Κυρίου Παντοκράτορος καὶ πρὸς τοὺς προφήτας, λέγων Εἰσελήλυθεν ὧδε ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ πέμπτῳ τὸ ἁγίασμα. καθότι ἐποίησεν ἤδη ἱκανὰ ἔτη. §7.4καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου τῶν δυνάμεων πρὸς μέ λέγων §7.5Εἰπὸν πρὸς ἅπόντα τὸν λαὸν τῆς γῆς καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἱερεῖς λέγων Ἐὰν νηστεύσητε ἢ κόψησθε ἐν ταῖς πέμπταις ἢ ἐν ταῖς ἑβδόμαις, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη μὴ νηστίαν νενηστεύκατέ μοι;
And the king and his men sent Sarasar and Arbeseer to Bethel to entreat the favor of the Lord, speaking to the priests who were in the house of the Lord Almighty and to the prophets, saying, "Has the consecration entered here in the fifth month, just as it has done already for many years?" And the word of the Lord of hosts came to me, saying, "Say to all the people of the land and to the priests: 'If you fasted and lamented in the fifth and seventh months, behold, for these seventy years, did you indeed fast a fast for me?
§7.6καὶ ἐὰν φάγητε ἡ πίητε, οὐχ ὑμεῖς ἔσθετε καὶ πίνετε;
And if you eat or drink, do you not eat and drink for yourselves?
§7.7οὐχ οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι εἰσὶν σὓς ἐλάλησεν Κύριος ἐν χερσὶν τῶν προφητῶν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν, ὅτε ἦν Ἰερουσαλὴμ κατοικουμένη καὶ εὐθηνοῦσα, καὶ αἱ πόλεις αὐτῆς κυκλόθεν, καὶ ἡ ὀρεινὴ καὶ ἡ πεδινὴ κατῳκεῖτο; §7.8Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρὸς Ζαχαρίαν λέγων §7.9Τάδε λέγει Κύριος ΙΙαντοκράτωρ Κρίμα δίκαιον κρίνατε, καὶ ἔλεος καὶ οἰκτειρμὸν ποιεῖτε ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, §7.10καὶ χήραν καὶ ὀρφανὸν καὶ προσήλυτον καὶ πένητα μὴ καταδυναστεύετε, καὶ κακίαν ἕκαστος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ μὴ μνησικακείτω ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν. §7.11καὶ ἠπείθησαν τοῦ προσέχειν, καὶ ἔδωκαν νῶτον παραφρονοῦντα, καὶ τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν ἐβάρυναν τοῦ μὴ εἰσακούειν,
Are these not the words which the Lord spoke by the hand of the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and prosperous, and her cities around her, and the hill country and the plain were inhabited?'" And the word of the Lord came to Zechariah, saying, "Thus says the Lord Almighty: 'Render true judgment, and show mercy and compassion each to his brother, and do not oppress the widow, the orphan, the stranger, or the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your hearts.' But they refused to pay attention, and turned a rebellious back, and made their ears heavy so as not to hear.
§7.12καὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν ἔταξαν ἀπειθῆ τοῦ μὴ εἰσακούειν τοῦ νόμου μου καὶ τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἐξαπέστειλεν Κύριος Παντοκράτωρ ἐν πνεύματι αὐτοῦ ἐν χερσὶν τῶν προφητῶν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν· καὶ ἐγένετο ὀργὴ μεγάλη παρὰ Κυρίου Παντοκράτορος.
And they made their heart disobedient, so as not to hear my law and the words which the Lord Almighty sent by his Spirit by the hand of the former prophets; and there came great wrath from the Lord Almighty.
§7.13καὶ ἔσται ὃν τρόπον εἶπεν καὶ οὐκ εἰσήκουσαν, οὕτως κεκράξονται καὶ οὐ μὴ εἰσακούσω, λέγει Κύριος Παντοκράτωρ.
'And it shall come to pass, that as he spoke and they did not hear, so they shall cry out and I will not hear,' says the Lord Almighty.
§7.14καὶ ἐκβαλῶ αὐτοὺς εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἃ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν, καὶ ἡ γῆ ἀφανισθήσεται κατόπισθεν αὐτῶν ἐκ διοδεύοντος καὶ ἐξ ἀναστρέφοντος· καὶ ἔταξαν γῆν ἐκλεκτὴν εἰς ἀφανισμόν.
'And I will cast them out among all the nations whom they did not know, and the land shall be made desolate behind them, with no one passing through or returning; and they made a choice land into a desolation.'"

Notes

  1. 7.2ἐξαπέστειλεν εἰς Βαιθὴλ Σαράσαρ καὶ Ἀρβεσεἐρ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες αὐτοῦ — Although the verb ἐξαπέστειλεν is third-person singular, the subject is a compound noun phrase consisting of the singular ὁ βασιλεὺς (the king) and the plural οἱ ἄνδρες αὐτοῦ (his men). In Greek, a singular verb may agree with the first element of a compound subject. While the Hebrew text is often understood as 'Bethel sent Sarasar...', the LXX interprets 'the king and his men' as the subject.
  2. 7.3Εἰσελήλυθεν ὧδε ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ πέμπτῳ τὸ ἁγίασμα — The subject is τὸ ἁγίασμα (the consecration/sanctification), with the verb εἰσελήλυθεν in the perfect tense. This translates a Hebrew verb meaning 'to weep and abstain'. It states that the act of consecration (referring to the ritual of fasting) has entered/established itself here in the fifth month, raising the implicit question of whether this practice should continue.
  3. 7.5μὴ νηστίαν νενηστεύκατέ μοι; — The negative particle μὴ typically introduces a question expecting a negative answer, but here it functions rhetorically to express strong doubt or reproach ('Did you indeed fast for me?'). The dative pronoun μοι is a dative of advantage or relationship, meaning 'for me' or 'unto me'.

Cite this passage

Septuagint, Zechariah §7.1-7.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg046.humanitext-grc1:7.1-7.14

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