Humanitext Reader

Pausanias · Description of Greece §9.13.6-9.13.12

Decision to Fight and Victory at the Battle of Leuctra

Passage 379 of 465 · Greek

Summary

Epaminondas resolves the division among the Boeotarchs to decide on battle, leading the Thebans to a historic victory over the Lacedaemonians at the Battle of Leuctra.

§9.13.6τότε δὲ ὁ Ἐπαμινώνδας Σκεδάσῳ καὶ ταῖς παισὶν ἐνήγιζέ τε καὶ εὔχετο, ὡς οὐ μᾶλλον ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας Θηβαίων ἢ καὶ τιμωρίας ἐκείνων τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐσόμενον.
At that time, Epaminondas offered sacrifices to Scedasus and his daughters and prayed, on the ground that the contest would be not so much for the safety of the Thebans as for the avenging of those women.
τῶν δὲ βοιωταρχούντων οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐγίνοντο αἱ γνῶμαι, διεστηκυῖαι δὲ πολὺ ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων· Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ μὲν γὰρ ἤρεσκε καὶ Μάλγιδι καὶ Ξενοκράτει κατὰ τάχος πρὸς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ποιεῖσθαι μάχην, Δαμοκλείδας δὲ καὶ Δαμόφιλος καὶ Σιμάγγελος συμβάλλειν μὲν οὐκ εἴων, ἐκέλευον δὲ ὑπεκθεμένους ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν γυναῖκας καὶ παῖδας ὡς πολιορκησομένους αὐτοὺς παρασκευάζεσθαι.
The opinions of the Boeotarchs, however, were not the same, but differed widely from one another; for Epaminondas, Malgis, and Xenocrates favored joining battle with the Lacedaemonians as quickly as possible, while Damocleidas, Damophilus, and Simangelus would not allow them to engage, but urged them to deposit their wives and children safely in Attica and to prepare themselves as if they were going to be besieged.
§9.13.7τῶν μὲν δὴ ἓξ ἐς τοσοῦτον ἦν κεχωρισμένα τὰ βουλεύματα· προσγενομένης δὲ ψήφου τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν τοῦ ἑβδόμου τῶν Βοιωταρχῶν, ὃς ἐφρούρει μὲν τὴν κατὰ τὸν Κιθαιρῶνα ἐσβολήν, ὄνομα δὲ ἦν οἱ Βραχυλλίδης, τούτου τοῦ ἀνδρός, ὡς ἐπανῆλθεν ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον, προσθεμένου τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν, τότε καὶ πᾶσιν ἐδέδοκτο ἀγῶνι διακρίνεσθαι.
Thus the plans of these six were divided to this extent; but when the vote of the seventh of the Boeotarchs was added to those of Epaminondas' party—who had been guarding the pass by Cithaeron, and whose name was Brachyllides—when this man returned to the camp and threw in his lot with those of Epaminondas' party, then it was decided by all to decide the issue by battle.
§9.13.8τῷ δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ καὶ ἐς ἄλλους Βοιωτῶν ὕποπτα ἦν, ἐς δὲ τοὺς Θεσπιεῖς καὶ περισσότερον· δείσας οὖν μὴ σφᾶς παρὰ τὸ ἔργον προδῶσιν, ἀποχώρησιν παρεῖχεν ἀπὸ στρατοπέδου τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν οἴκαδε· καὶ οἱ Θεσπιεῖς τε ἀπαλλάσσονται πανδημεὶ καὶ εἴ τισιν ἄλλοις Βοιωτῶν ὑπῆν δύσνοια ἐς τοὺς Θηβαίους.
But Epaminondas suspected some of the other Boeotians too, and the Thespians still more; fearing, therefore, lest they should betray them in the action, he gave permission to leave the camp to any who wished to go home; and so the Thespians departed with all their forces, and any other Boeotians who harbored ill-will against the Thebans.
§9.13.9ὡς δὲ ἐς χεῖρας συνῄεσαν, ἐνταῦθα οἱ σύμμαχοι τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἅτε αὐτοῖς καὶ τὸν πρὸ τοῦ χρόνον οὐκ ἀρεσκόμενοι τὸ ἔχθος μάλιστα ἐπεδείκνυντο, οὔτε κατὰ χώραν μένειν ἐθέλοντες, ἐνδιδόντες δὲ ὅπῃ σφίσιν οἱ πολέμιοι προσφέροιντο.
And when they came to close quarters, there the allies of the Lacedaemonians, being dissatisfied with them even in the time before, showed their hatred in the highest degree, refusing to stand their ground, but giving way wherever the enemy attacked them.
αὐτοὺς δὲ Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ Θηβαίους ἐξ ἴσου καθίστη τοὺς μὲν ἐμπειρία τε ἡ προϋπάρχουσα καὶ ἅμα αἰδουμένους μὴ καταλῦσαι τῆς Σπάρτης τὸ ἀξίωμα, Θηβαῖοι δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος καὶ πρὸ γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων τὸν κίνδυνον ἐφεστηκότα ἑώρων.
But the Lacedaemonians themselves and the Thebans were brought to an equal footing: the former by their pre-existing experience and at the same time by their sense of shame lest they should destroy the prestige of Sparta, while the Thebans saw the danger standing over them for their country, and on behalf of their wives and children.
§9.13.10ὡς δὲ ἄλλοι τε Λακεδαιμονίων τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐτεθνήκει Κλεόμβροτος, ἐνταῦθα τοὺς Σπαρτιάτας καὶ ταλαιπωρουμένους ἐπελάμβανεν ἀνάγκη μὴ ἐνδιδόναι· παρὰ γὰρ τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις αἴσχιστον ἐδέδοκτο εἶναι βασιλέως νεκρὸν ἐπὶ ἀνδράσι πολεμίοις γενόμενον περιοφθῆναι.
But when other Lacedaemonian officials and the king, Cleombrotus, had fallen, then a necessity seized the Spartans, hard-pressed though they were, not to give way; for among the Lacedaemonians it was deemed most shameful to allow the body of a king to fall into the hands of enemy men.
§9.13.11Θηβαίοις μὲν ἡ νίκη κατείργαστο ἐπιφανέστατα πασῶν ὁπόσας κατὰ Ἑλλήνων ἀνείλοντο Ἕλληνες·
The victory had been achieved by the Thebans in the most glorious manner of all victories which Greeks ever won over Greeks.
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν τοὺς τεθνεῶτας διενοοῦντο ὡς θάψοντες καὶ ἀποστέλλουσι κήρυκα ἐς τοὺς Θηβαίους.
On the next day the Lacedaemonians intended to bury their dead and sent a herald to the Thebans.
Ἐπαμινώνδας δέ, ἐπιστάμενος ὡς ἐπικρύπτεσθαι τὰς συμφορὰς ἀεί ποτε οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πεφύκασιν, ἔφασκεν ἀναίρεσιν τῶν νεκρῶν προτέροις αὐτῶν διδόναι τοῖς συμμάχοις, ἐπὶ δὲ ἐκείνοις ἀνελομένοις οὕτω καὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἠξίου θάπτειν τοὺς αὑτῶν.
But Epaminondas, knowing that the Lacedaemonians were always by nature inclined to conceal their disasters, said that he would permit their allies to take up their dead first, and only after they had taken them up did he expect the Lacedaemonians to bury their own.
§9.13.12ὡς δὲ τῶν συμμάχων οἱ μὲν οὐδὲ ἀρχὴν ἀνῃροῦντο ἅτε οὐ τεθνεῶτός σφισιν οὐδενός, τῶν δὲ ὀλίγον ἐφαίνετο εἶναι τὸ διεφθαρμένον, οὕτω Λακεδαιμόνιοί τε ἔθαπτον τοὺς αὑτῶν καὶ ἤδη Σπαρτιάτας ἐξελήλεγκτο εἶναι τοὺς κειμένους.
When, therefore, some of the allies did not even begin to take up any, since none of them had fallen, and for others the loss was shown to be small, so the Lacedaemonians buried their own dead, and it was thus proved that those who lay there were Spartans.
ἀπέθανον δὲ Θηβαίων τε καὶ ὅσοι παρέμειναν Βοιωτῶν ἑπτὰ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἄνδρες, Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ αὐτῶν πλείους ἢ χίλιοι.
There fell of the Thebans and of those Boeotians who remained with them forty-seven men, but of the Lacedaemonians themselves more than a thousand.

Notes

  1. 9.13.6ὡς οὐ μᾶλλον ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας Θηβαίων ἢ καὶ τιμωρίας ἐκείνων τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐσόμενον — The accusative absolute construction with the future participle `ἐσόμενον` and its subject `τὸν ἀγῶνα`, introduced by the particle `ὡς` to express subjective intention or belief. Although the verb `εὔχομαι` typically governs an accusative with infinitive, this participle construction is used to highlight the commander's personal conviction.
  2. 9.13.7προσγενομένης δὲ ψήφου... τούτου τοῦ ἀνδρός... προσθεμένου — A double genitive absolute construction. Following the first genitive absolute `προσγενομένης δὲ ψήφου...`, a relative clause `ὃς ἐφρούρει...` is inserted, which is then reinforced and resolved by the second genitive absolute `τούτου τοῦ ἀνδρός... προσθεμένου`, leading to the main verb `ἐδέδοκτο`.
  3. 9.13.9αὐτοὺς δὲ Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ Θηβαίους ἐξ ἴσου καθίστη τοὺς μὲν... Θηβαῖοι δὲ... — An anacoluthon (syntactical shift). The direct object in the accusative (`αὐτοὺς δὲ Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ Θηβαίους`) of the verb `καθίστη` is divided by a partitive apposition, starting with the accusative `τοὺς μὲν ...`, but shifting in the second half to the nominative with a finite verb: `Θηβαῖοι δὲ ... ἑώρων`.
  4. 9.13.12οὐδὲ ἀρχὴν — The adverbial accusative `ἀρχήν` (often `τὴν ἀρχήν`) combined with the negative `οὐδέ` to form an idiomatic expression meaning 'not even at all' or 'not even from the beginning'.

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §9.13.6-9.13.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.13.6-9.13.12

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.