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Pausanias · Description of Greece §8.5.1-8.5.7

Arcadian Kings from Echemus to Cypselus

Passage 305 of 465 · Greek

Summary

Describes the lineage of Arcadian kings from Echemus to Agapenor, Hippothous, Aepytus, Cypselus, and Holaeas, along with events such as the Dorian invasion, emigration to Cyprus, and the renaming of a city.

§8.5.1Λυκούργου δὲ ἀποθανόντος Ἔχεμος ὁ Ἀερόπου τοῦ Κηφέως τοῦ Ἀλέου τὴν Ἀρκάδων ἔσχεν ἀρχήν.
After the death of Lycurgus, Echemus, the son of Aeropus, the son of Cepheus, the son of Aleus, obtained the rule over the Arcadians.
ἐπὶ τούτου Δωριεῖς κατιόντας ἐς Πελοπόννησον ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι Ὕλλῳ τῷ Ἡρακλέους Ἀχαιοὶ περὶ ἰσθμὸν τὸν Κορινθίων κρατοῦσι μάχῃ, καὶ Ἔχεμος ἀποκτίννυσιν Ὕλλον μονομαχήσαντά οἱ κατὰ πρόκλησιν.
In his time, the Achaeans defeated in battle near the Corinthian isthmus the Dorians as they were descending into the Peloponnese under the leadership of Hyllus, the son of Heracles, and Echemus slew Hyllus, who had fought with him in single combat upon a challenge.
τάδε γὰρ ἐφαίνετο εἰκότα εἶναί μοι μᾶλλον ἢ ὁ πρότερος λόγος, ἐν ᾧ βασιλεύειν τε Ἀχαιῶν τηνικαῦτα Ὀρέστην ἔγραψα καὶ Ὕλλον Ὀρέστου βασιλεύοντος ἀποπειρᾶσαι καθόδου τῆς ἐς Πελοπόννησον.
For this seemed to me more probable than the earlier account, in which I wrote that Orestes was then ruling the Achaeans, and that Hyllus, during the reign of Orestes, attempted a return to the Peloponnese.
φαίνοιτο δʼ ἂν τῷ ὑστέρῳ τῶν λόγων καὶ Τιμάνδρα συνοικήσασα ἡ Τυνδάρεω τῷ ἀποκτείναντι Ὕλλον Ἐχέμῳ.
And according to the latter of these accounts, it would also appear that Timandra, the daughter of Tyndareus, lived as wife with Echemus, the man who killed Hyllus.
§8.5.2Ἀγαπήνωρ δὲ ὁ Ἀγκαίου τοῦ Λυκούργου μετὰ Ἔχεμον βασιλεύσας ἐς Τροίαν ἡγήσατο Ἀρκάσιν.
Agapenor, the son of Ancaeus, the son of Lycurgus, who reigned after Echemus, led the Arcadians to Troy.
Ἰλίου δὲ ἁλούσης ὁ τοῖς Ἕλλησι κατὰ τὸν πλοῦν τὸν οἴκαδε ἐπιγενόμενος χειμὼν Ἀγαπήνορα καὶ τὸ Ἀρκάδων ναυτικὸν κατήνεγκεν ἐς Κύπρον, καὶ Πάφου τε Ἀγαπήνωρ ἐγένετο οἰκιστὴς καὶ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης κατεσκευάσατο ἐν Παλαιπάφῳ τὸ ἱερόν· τέως δὲ ἡ θεὸς παρὰ Κυπρίων τιμὰς εἶχεν ἐν Γολγοῖς καλουμένῳ χωρίῳ.
When Ilion was taken, the storm which overtook the Greeks during their voyage home brought Agapenor and the Arcadian fleet to Cyprus, and Agapenor became the founder of Paphos and built the sanctuary of Aphrodite in Palaepaphos; until then, the goddess had received honors from the Cypriots in a place called Golgi.
§8.5.3χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Λαοδίκη γεγονυῖα ἀπὸ Ἀγαπήνορος ἔπεμψεν ἐς Τεγέαν τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ τῇ Ἀλέᾳ πέπλον· τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀναθήματι ἐπίγραμμα καὶ αὐτῆς Λαοδίκης ἅμα ἐδήλου τὸ γένος· " Λαοδίκης ὅδε πέπλος· ἑᾷ δʼ ἀνέθηκεν Ἀθηνᾷ πατρίδʼ ἐς εὐρύχορον Κύπρου ἀπὸ ζαθέας. " Ἀγαπήνορος δὲ οὐκ ἀνασωθέντος οἴκαδε ἐξ Ἰλίου, §8.5.4παρέλαβε τὴν ἀρχὴν Ἱππόθους Κερκυόνος τοῦ Ἀγαμήδους τοῦ Στυμφήλου.
Some time later, Laodice, a descendant of Agapenor, sent a robe to Tegea for Athena Alea; and the inscription upon the offering declared at the same time the lineage of Laodice herself: "This is the robe of Laodice; she dedicated it to her own Athena, To her spacious homeland from sacred Cyprus." As Agapenor did not return home safe from Ilion, Hippothous, the son of Cercyon, the son of Agamedes, the son of Stymphalus, succeeded to the rule.
καὶ τῷ μὲν ἐπιφανὲς συμβῆναι παρὰ τὸν βίον φασὶν οὐδέν, πλὴν ὅσον οὐκ ἐν Τεγέᾳ τὴν βασιλείαν κατεστήσατο ἀλλὰ ἐν Τραπεζοῦντι· Αἴπυτος δὲ ὁ Ἱππόθου μετὰ τὸν πατέρα ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν, καὶ Ὀρέστης ὁ Ἀγαμέμνονος κατὰ μαντείαν τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς Ἀπόλλωνος μετῴκησεν ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν ἐκ Μυκηνῶν.
They say that no illustrious event befell him during his life, except that he established his royal seat not in Tegea but in Trapezus; and Aepytus, the son of Hippothous, obtained the rule after his father, and Orestes, the son of Agamemnon, migrated from Mycenae to Arcadia in accordance with an oracle of Apollo at Delphi.
§8.5.5Αἰπύτῳ δὲ τῷ Ἱππόθου παρελθεῖν ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος τὸ ἐν Μαντινείᾳ τολμήσαντι— ἔσοδος δὲ ἀνθρώποις οὔτε τότε ἐς αὐτὸ ἦν οὔτε ἄχρι ἡμῶν ἔστιν—, ἐς τοῦτο ἐσελθόντι τυφλωθῆναι καὶ οὐ μετὰ πολὺ τῆς συμφορᾶς τελευτῆσαί οἱ τὸν βίον ἐγένετο.
And to Aepytus, the son of Hippothous, because he dared to enter the sanctuary of Poseidon in Mantineia—into which entrance was not allowed for men either then or up to our day—it befell that upon entering it he was struck blind, and not long after this calamity his life came to an end.
§8.5.6Κυψέλου δὲ τοῦ Αἰπύτου βασιλεύοντος μετὰ Αἴπυτον, ὁ Δωριέων στόλος οὐ διὰ τοῦ Κορινθίων ἰσθμοῦ, καθὰ ἐπὶ τρεῖς τὰς πρότερον γενεάς, ναυσὶ δὲ κατὰ τὸ ὀνομαζόμενον Ῥίον κάτεισιν ἐς Πελοπόννησον·
When Cypselus, the son of Aepytus, was reigning after Aepytus, the Dorian expedition did not descend into the Peloponnese by way of the Corinthian isthmus, as in the three previous generations, but on ships by way of the place called Rhion.
πυνθανόμενός τε τὰ ἐς αὐτοὺς ὁ Κύψελος, ὃν τῶν Ἀριστομάχου παίδων οὐκ ἔχοντά πω γυναῖκα εὕρισκε, τούτῳ τὴν θυγατέρα ἐκδοὺς καὶ οἰκειωσάμενος τὸν Κρεσφόντην αὐτός τε καὶ οἱ Ἀρκάδες ἐκτὸς ἑστήκεσαν δείματος.
Cypselus, having heard of them, found which of the sons of Aristomachus did not yet have a wife, and by giving him his daughter and winning over Cresphontes, both he himself and the Arcadians stood outside of fear.
§8.5.7Ὁλαίας δὲ ἦν Κυψέλου παῖς, ὃς καὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς τὸν παῖδα Αἴπυτον, σὺν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος καὶ Ἄργους Ἡρακλεῖδαι κατάγουσιν ἐς Μεσσήνην.
Holaeas was the son of Cypselus, and he, together with the Heracleidae from Lacedaemon and Argos, restored his sister's son Aepytus to Messene.
τοῦ δὲ ἦν Βουκολίων, τοῦ δὲ Φίαλος, ὃς τὸν Λυκάονος Φίγαλον οἰκιστὴν ὄντα ἀφελόμενος τὴν τιμὴν Φιαλίαν τὸ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει μετέθετο ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ· οὐ μὴν καὶ ἐς ἅπαν γε ἐξενίκησεν.
And Holaeas had a son Bucolion, and Bucolion had Phialus, who took away the honor from Phigalus, the son of Lycaon, who was the founder, and changed the name of the city to Phialia after himself; however, his name did not entirely prevail in the end.

Notes

  1. 8.5.1φαίνοιτο δʼ ἂν ... συνοικήσασα — The verb `φαίνομαι` with the participle `συνοικήσασα` means "it would appear/be shown that she lived with" (distinct from its meaning with an infinitive, which would be "it would seem to"). The dative `τῷ ὑστέρῳ τῶν λόγων` represents the basis of judgment: "according to the latter of these accounts."
  2. 8.5.4καὶ τῷ μὲν ἐπιφανὲς συμβῆναι παρὰ τὸν βίον φασὶν οὐδέν — The dative demonstrative pronoun `τῷ μὲν` refers to Hippothous and functions as the complement of `συμβῆναι` ("to happen to someone"). The subject of the infinitive clause is `οὐδέν`, governed by `φασίν` ("they say"), meaning "they say that nothing illustrious befell him during his life."
  3. 8.5.6ὃν τῶν Ἀριστομάχου παίδων οὐκ ἔχοντά πω γυναῖκα εὕρισκε, τούτῳ τὴν θυγατέρα ἐκδοὺς — The clause starting with the relative pronoun `ὃν` is embedded within the main sentence, and its antecedent (Cresphontes) is subsequently resumed by the demonstrative pronoun `τούτῳ` ("to this man"). The accusative case of the relative pronoun `ὃν` is determined by its syntactic role as the direct object of `εὕρισκε` ("found") and the participle `ἔχοντά` ("having") within the relative clause.

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §8.5.1-8.5.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.5.1-8.5.7

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