§8.38.1ἀνωτέρω δὲ ὀλίγον τείχους τε περίβολος τῆς Λυκοσούρας ἐστὶ καὶ οἰκήτορες ἔνεισιν οὐ πολλοί.
A little higher up is the circuit of the wall of Lycosura, and there are not many inhabitants in it.
πόλεων δέ, ὁπόσας ἐπὶ τῇ ἠπείρῳ ἔδειξε γῆ καὶ ἐν νήσοις, Λυκόσουρά ἐστι πρεσβυτάτη, καὶ ταύτην εἶδεν ὁ ἥλιος πρώτην· ἀπὸ ταύτης δὲ οἱ λοιποὶ ποιεῖσθαι πόλεις μεμαθήκασιν ἄνθρωποι.
Of all the cities that the earth has shown on the mainland and on islands, Lycosura is the oldest, and the sun saw this first; from this, the rest of mankind have learned to build cities.
§8.38.2ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῆς Δεσποίνης τὸ ὄρος ἐστὶ τὸ Λύκαιον· καλοῦσι δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ Ὄλυμπον καὶ Ἱεράν γε ἕτεροι τῶν Ἀρκάδων κορυφήν.
On the left of the sanctuary of Despoina is Mount Lycaeus; some of the Arcadians call it also Olympus, and others the Sacred Peak.
τραφῆναι δὲ τὸν Δία φασὶν ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ· καὶ χώρα τέ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Λυκαίῳ Κρητέα καλουμένη—αὕτη δὲ ἡ Κρητέα ἐστὶν ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς Ἀπόλλωνος ἄλσους ἐπίκλησιν Παρρασίου—καὶ τὴν Κρήτην, ἔνθα ὁ Κρητῶν ἔχει λόγος τραφῆναι Δία, τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο εἶναι καὶ οὐ τὴν νῆσον ἀμφισβητοῦσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες.
They say that Zeus was brought up on this mountain; and there is a place in Lycaeus called Cretea—this Cretea is on the left of the grove of Apollo surnamed Parrhasius—and the Arcadians dispute that the Crete where the Cretan story says Zeus was brought up is this place, and not the island.
§8.38.3ταῖς Νύμφαις δὲ ὀνόματα, ὑφʼ ὧν τὸν Δία τραφῆναι λέγουσι, τίθενται Θεισόαν καὶ Νέδαν καὶ Ἁγνώ· καὶ ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς Θεισόας πόλις ᾠκεῖτο ἐν τῇ Παρρασίᾳ, τὰ δὲ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ μοίρας τῆς Μεγαλοπολίτιδός ἐστιν ἡ Θεισόα κώμη· τῆς Νέδας δὲ ὁ ποταμὸς τὸ ὄνομα ἔσχηκε· τῆς δὲ Ἁγνοῦς, ἣ ἐν τῷ ὄρει τῷ Λυκαίῳ πηγὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ποταμῷ τῷ Ἴστρῳ πέφυκεν ἴσον παρέχεσθαι τὸ ὕδωρ ἐν χειμῶνι ὁμοίως καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ θέρους.
To the nymphs by whom they say Zeus was brought up, they give the names Theisoa, Neda, and Hagno; after Theisoa, a city was inhabited in Parrhasia, but in my time Theisoa is a village of the Megalopolitan territory; from Neda, the river has got its name; and from Hagno, the spring on Mount Lycaeus has got its name, which has the nature to provide an equal amount of water in winter just as in the summer season, in the same way as the river Ister.
§8.38.4ἢν δὲ αὐχμὸς χρόνον ἐπέχῃ πολὺν καὶ ἤδη σφίσι τὰ σπέρματα ἐν τῇ γῇ καὶ τὰ δένδρα αὐαίνηται, τηνικαῦτα ὁ ἱερεὺς τοῦ Λυκαίου Διὸς προσευξάμενος ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ θύσας ὁπόσα ἐστὶν αὐτῷ νόμος, καθίησι δρυὸς κλάδον ἐπιπολῆς καὶ οὐκ ἐς βάθος τῆς πηγῆς· ἀνακινηθέντος δὲ τοῦ ὕδατος ἄνεισιν ἀχλὺς ἐοικυῖα ὁμίχλῃ, διαλιποῦσα δὲ ὀλίγον γίνεται νέφος ἡ ἀχλὺς καὶ ἐς αὑτὴν ἄλλα ἐπαγομένη τῶν νεφῶν ὑετὸν τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν ἐς τὴν γῆν κατιέναι ποιεῖ.
If a drought continues for a long time, and their seeds in the earth and the trees are already withering, then the priest of Lycaean Zeus, after praying to the water and sacrificing as much as is his custom, lets down an oak branch on the surface of the spring, and not deep down; when the water is stirred, a mist like a fog rises, and after a little interval the mist becomes a cloud, and bringing other clouds to itself, it causes rain to come down upon the earth for the Arcadians.
§8.38.5ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ Λυκαίῳ Πανός τε ἱερὸν καὶ περὶ αὐτὸ ἄλσος δένδρων καὶ ἱππόδρομός τε καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ στάδιον· τὸ δὲ ἀρχαῖον τῶν Λυκαίων ἦγον τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐνταῦθα.
There is in Lycaeus a sanctuary of Pan, and around it a grove of trees, a horse-course, and in front of it a stadium; in ancient times they used to hold the contest of the Lycaea here.
ἔστι δὲ αὐτόθι καὶ ἀνδριάντων βάθρα, οὐκ ἐπόντων ἔτι ἀνδριάντων· ἐλεγεῖον δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν βάθρων ἑνὶ Ἀστυάνακτός φησιν εἶναι τὴν εἰκόνα, τὸν δὲ Ἀστυάνακτα εἶναι γένος τῶν ἀπὸ Ἀρκάδος.
There are also pedestals of statues here, though the statues are no longer on them; an elegiac inscription on one of the pedestals says that the image was of Astyanax, and that Astyanax was of the stock of those descended from Arcas.
§8.38.6τὸ δὲ ὄρος παρέχεται τὸ Λύκαιον καὶ ἄλλα ἐς θαῦμα καὶ μάλιστα τόδε.
Mount Lycaeus offers other things for wonder, and especially this.
τέμενός ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῷ Λυκαίου Διός, ἔσοδος δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐς αὐτὸ ἀνθρώποις· ὑπεριδόντα δὲ τοῦ νόμου καὶ ἐσελθόντα ἀνάγκη πᾶσα αὐτὸν ἐνιαυτοῦ πρόσω μὴ βιῶναι.
There is on it a precinct of Lycaean Zeus, and there is no entrance into it for men; if anyone disregards the law and enters, he must of necessity not live beyond a year.
καὶ τάδε ἔτι ἐλέγετο, τὰ ἐντὸς τοῦ τεμένους γενόμενα ὁμοίως πάντα καὶ θηρία καὶ ἀνθρώπους οὐ παρέχεσθαι σκιάν· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐς τὸ τέμενος θηρίου καταφεύγοντος οὐκ ἐθέλει οἱ συνεσπίπτειν ὁ κυνηγέτης, ἀλλὰ ὑπομένων ἐκτὸς καὶ ὁρῶν τὸ θηρίον οὐδεμίαν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ θεᾶται σκιάν.
This also was said, that everything that enters the precinct, whether beast or man, alike casts no shadow; and for this reason, when a beast flees for refuge into the precinct, the hunter does not wish to rush in with it, but staying outside and looking at the beast, he sees no shadow from it.
χρόνον μὲν δὴ τὸν ἴσον ἔπεισί τε ὁ ἥλιος τὸν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καρκίνον καὶ ἐν Συήνῃ τῇ πρὸ Αἰθιοπίας οὔτε ἀπὸ δένδρων οὔτε ἀπὸ τῶν ζῴων γενέσθαι σκιὰν ἔστι· τὸ δὲ ἐν τῷ Λυκαίῳ τέμενος τὸ αὐτὸ ἐς τὰς σκιὰς ἀεί τε καὶ ἐπὶ πασῶν πέπονθε τῶν ὡρῶν.
Indeed, during the same period when the sun passes through the constellation of Cancer in the heaven, at Syene in front of Ethiopia there is no shadow either from trees or from animals; but the precinct on Mount Lycaeus has experienced the very same thing regarding shadows always and in all seasons.