§7.7.1Ἑλλήνων δὲ οὐ τασσομένων τηνικαῦτα ἔτι ἐν κοινῷ, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἑκάστων κατὰ σφᾶς συνισταμένων, οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ μάλιστα ἴσχυον·
Since the Greeks were no longer arrayed together in common at that time, but each stood together individually by themselves, the Achaeans were the most powerful.
τυράννων τε γὰρ πλὴν Πελλήνης αἱ ἄλλαι πόλεις τὸν χρόνον ἅπαντα ἀπείρως ἐσχήκεσαν αἵ τε ἐκ πολέμων καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς νόσου συμφοραὶ τῆς λοιμώδους οὐκ ἐς τοσοῦτο Ἀχαιοῖς ἐφʼ ὅσον τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐγένοντο Ἕλλησι.
For with the exception of Pellene, the other cities had at all times been entirely without experience of tyrants, and the disasters resulting from wars and the pestilence did not fall upon the Achaeans to such an extent as upon the other Greeks.
συνέδριόν τε οὖν Ἀχαϊκὸν καλούμενον καὶ ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λόγου βουλεύματά τε ἦν Ἀχαιοῖς καὶ τὰ ἔργα.
Therefore, there was what was called the Achaean council, and both the decrees and the actions of the Achaeans were based on common deliberation.
§7.7.2ἀθροίζεσθαι δὲ ἐς Αἴγιόν σφισιν ἔδοξεν· αὕτη γὰρ μετὰ Ἑλίκην ἐπικλυσθεῖσαν πόλεων ἐν Ἀχαΐᾳ τῶν ἄλλων δόξῃ προεῖχεν ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ἴσχυεν ἐν τῷ τότε.
And they resolved to assemble at Aegium; for this city, after Helice was overwhelmed by the waters, surpassed the other cities in Achaea in reputation from of old and was powerful at that time.
Ἑλλήνων δὲ τῶν λοιπῶν Σικυώνιοι συνεδρίου πρῶτοι τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν μετέσχον, μετὰ δὲ Σικυωνίους ἐσῄεσαν ἤδη καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Πελοποννησίων οἱ μὲν αὐτίκα, οἱ δὲ χρόνον τινὰ ἐπισχόντες· τοὺς δὲ καὶ ἐκτὸς οἰκοῦντας τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ συντελεῖν ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς ἔπειθεν, ὅτι ἐς πλέον ἰσχύος προϊὸν ἑώρων ἀεὶ τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν.
Of the rest of the Greeks, the Sicyonians were the first to share in the council of the Achaeans, and after the Sicyonians, others of the Peloponnesians also entered, some immediately, and others after waiting for some time; and it persuaded even those living outside the Isthmus to contribute to the Achaeans, because they saw that the Achaean league was always advancing to greater power.
§7.7.3Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ Ἑλλήνων μόνοι διάφοροί τε Ἀχαιοῖς τὰ μάλιστα ἦσαν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ πόλεμόν σφισιν ἐπῆγον.
But the Lacedaemonians alone of the Greeks were most hostile to the Achaeans and openly brought war upon them.
Πελλήνην μέν γε Ἀχαιῶν πόλιν Ἆγις εἷλεν ὁ Εὐδαμίδου βασιλεύων ἐν Σπάρτῃ, καὶ ἐξέπεσεν αὐτίκα ἐκ Πελλήνης ὑπὸ Ἀράτου καὶ Σικυωνίων·
Indeed, Agis, the son of Eudamidas, who was king in Sparta, captured Pellene, a city of the Achaeans, but was immediately driven out of Pellene by Aratus and the Sicyonians.
Κλεομένης δὲ ὁ Λεωνίδου τοῦ Κλεωνύμου, βασιλεὺς οἰκίας τῆς ἑτέρας, ἀντικαθημένους Ἄρατον καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς πρὸς Δύμῃ παρὰ πολύ τε ἐκράτησεν ἐλθόντας ἐς χεῖρας καὶ ὕστερον Ἀχαιοῖς καὶ Ἀντιγόνῳ συνέθετο εἰρήνην.
And Cleomenes, the son of Leonidas, the son of Cleonymus, a king of the other house, when Aratus and the Achaeans opposed him at Dyme, utterly defeated them when they came to blows, and later concluded a peace with the Achaeans and Antigonus.
§7.7.4Ἀντίγονος δὲ οὗτος τηνικαῦτα ἀρχὴν τὴν Μακεδόνων εἶχεν, ἐπιτροπεύων Φίλιππον τὸν Δημητρίου παῖδα ἔτι ἡλικίαν ὄντα· ἦν δὲ καὶ ἀνεψιὸς τῷ Φιλίππῳ καὶ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ συνῴκει.
This Antigonus at that time held the rule over the Macedonians, acting as guardian to Philip, the son of Demetrius, who was still a child; and he was also a cousin to Philip and lived with his mother.
πρὸς τοῦτον οὖν τὸν Ἀντίγονον καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ποιησάμενος ὁ Κλεομένης σπονδὰς καὶ αὐτίκα παραβὰς ὅσα ὤμοσεν ἠνδραποδίσατο Ἀρκάδων Μεγάλην πόλιν· Λακεδαιμονίοις τε τὸ ἐν Σελλασίᾳ πταῖσμα πρὸς Ἀχαιοὺς καὶ Ἀντίγονον Κλεομένους ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπιορκίας τῆς ἐκείνου συνέβη.
Having made a treaty with this Antigonus and the Achaeans, Cleomenes immediately violated all that he had sworn and enslaved Megalopolis of the Arcadians; and the disaster at Sellasia against the Achaeans and Antigonus befell the Lacedaemonians on account of Cleomenes and his perjury.
Κλεομένους μὲν δὴ καὶ αὖθις ἐν λόγοις τοῖς Ἀρκαδικοῖς ἀφιξόμεθα ἐς μνήμην·
We shall, however, mention Cleomenes again later in the Arcadian history.
§7.7.5Φίλιππος δὲ ὁ Δημητρίου τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀρχήν, ὡς ἀφίκετο ἐς ἄνδρας, παρὰ ἑκόντος Ἀντιγόνου λαβὼν φόβον τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν ἐνεποίησε, τὰ Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου, προγόνου μὲν οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ, τῷ δὲ ἀληθεῖ λόγῳ δεσπότου, τά τε ἄλλα αὐτοῦ μιμούμενος καὶ τὰ ἐς θεραπείαν ὅσοις πατρίδας ἀρεστὰ ἦν ἐπʼ οἰκείοις προδιδόναι κέρδεσι.
And Philip, the son of Demetrius, when he reached manhood, having received the rule over the Macedonians from the willing Antigonus, inspired fear in all the Greeks, imitating the other practices of Philip the son of Amyntas—who was not indeed his ancestor, but in truth his master—and especially his policy of courting those who were pleased to betray their native lands for private gain.
προπίνειν δὲ παρὰ τὰ συμπόσια ἐπὶ δεξιότητι καὶ φιλίᾳ κύλικας οὐκ οἴνου, φαρμάκων δὲ ἐς ὄλεθρον ἀνθρώποις, ἃ δὴ ὁ μὲν τοῦ Ἀμύντου Φίλιππος οὐδʼ ἐπενόησεν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἀρχήν, Φιλίππῳ δὲ τῷ Δημητρίου τὰ φάρμακα τόλμημα ἦν ἐλαφρότατον.
Furthermore, at banquets he would offer as toasts for friendliness and goodwill cups containing not wine, but poisons to the destruction of men—things which Philip the son of Amyntas, in my opinion, never even conceived at all, whereas for Philip the son of Demetrius, poison was the lightest of daring deeds.
§7.7.6κατεῖχε δὲ καὶ τρεῖς πόλεις φρουραῖς ὁρμητήρια εἶναί οἱ κατὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος, καὶ ὠνόμαζε δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς ὕβρεως καὶ τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ὑπεροψίας κλεῖς τῆς Ἑλλάδος τὰς πόλεις ταύτας· ἐπὶ μέν γε Πελοποννήσῳ Κόρινθος καὶ ἡ Κορινθίων ἀκρόπολις ἐτετείχιστο, ἐπὶ δὲ Εὐβοίᾳ καὶ Βοιωτοῖς τε καὶ Φωκεῦσι Χαλκὶς ἡ πρὸς τῷ Εὐρίπῳ, κατὰ δὲ Θεσσαλῶν τε αὐτῶν καὶ τοῦ Αἰτωλῶν ἔθνους Μαγνησίαν τὴν ὑπὸ τὸ Πήλιον κατεῖχεν ὁ Φίλιππος.
He also held three cities with garrisons to be strongholds for him against Greece, and in his insolence and contempt for the Greek race, he called these cities the "keys of Greece." Indeed, Corinth and the acropolis of the Corinthians had been fortified against the Peloponnese; Chalcis on the Euripus against Euboea, the Boeotians, and the Phocians; and against the Thessalians themselves and the Aetolian nation, Philip held Magnesia at the foot of Mount Pelion.
μάλιστα δὲ Ἀθηναίους καὶ τὸ Αἰτωλικὸν ἐπιστρατείαις τε συνεχέσιν ἐπίεζε καὶ λῃστῶν καταδρομαῖς·
He especially harassed the Athenians and the Aetolian league with constant expeditions and raids by pirates.
§7.7.7ἐμνημόνευσε δέ μοι καὶ πρότερον ὁ λόγος ἐν τῇ Ἀτθίδι συγγραφῇ, ὅσοι τε Ἑλλήνων ἢ βαρβάρων ἐναντία Φιλίππου συνήραντο Ἀθηναίοις καὶ ὡς ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας τῶν συμμάχων ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους καὶ ἐπικουρίαν τὴν ἐκεῖθεν κατέφευγον οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι.
My narrative also mentioned previously in the Attic history how many of the Greeks or barbarians joined with the Athenians against Philip, and how the Athenians, due to the weakness of their allies, fled for refuge to the Romans and to the assistance from there.
Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ ἐπεπόμφεσαν καὶ οὐ πολλῷ τινι ἔμπροσθεν λόγῳ μὲν ἐπικουρήσοντας Αἰτωλοῖς ἐναντία Φιλίππου, τῷ δὲ ἔργῳ μᾶλλόν τι ἐπὶ κατασκοπῇ τῶν ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ πραγμάτων·
And the Romans had sent, not long before, nominally to assist the Aetolians against Philip, but in fact rather to spy on the affairs in Macedonia.
§7.7.8τότε δὲ ἀποστέλλουσιν Ἀθηναίοις στρατιάν τε καὶ ἡγεμόνα Ὀτίλιον· τοῦτο γάρ οἱ τῶν ὀνομάτων ἦν τὸ ἐκδηλότατον, ἐπεὶ καλοῦνταί γε οὐ πατρόθεν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι κατὰ ταὐτὰ Ἕλλησιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τρία ὁπότε ὀλίγιστα καὶ ἔτι πλέονα ὀνόματα ἑκάστῳ τίθενται.
At that time they dispatched a force and a commander, Otilius, to the Athenians; this was the most distinct of his names, since the Romans are not named after their fathers in the same way as the Greeks, but each has at least three names and sometimes even more.
τῷ δὲ Ὀτιλίῳ προσετέτακτο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἀπείργειν ἀπὸ Ἀθηναίων καὶ τοῦ Αἰτωλικοῦ τὸν Φιλίππου πόλεμον.
And Otilius had been instructed by the Romans to keep the war of Philip away from the Athenians and the Aetolian league.
§7.7.9Ὀτίλιος δὲ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα τοῖς πράγμασι κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτεταγμένα ἐχρῆτο, τάδε δὲ οὐ κατὰ γνώμην οἱ τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἐστὶν εἰργασμένα·
Otilius, for his part, managed other affairs according to his instructions, but the following deeds were performed by him not in accordance with the judgment of the Romans.
Εὐβοέων γὰρ Ἑστίαιαν πόλιν καὶ Ἀντίκυραν τὴν ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι ἑλών, ὑπηκόους κατʼ ἀνάγκην οὔσας Φιλίππου, ἐποίησεν ἀναστάτους.
For having captured Hestiaea, a city of the Euboeans, and Anticyra in Phocis, which were subjects of Philip by necessity, he laid them waste.
καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, ἐπεὶ ἐπύθετο ἡ βουλή, ἀποστέλλουσιν Ὀτιλίῳ διάδοχον τῆς ἀρχῆς Φλαμίνιον.
And on this account, in my opinion, when the senate learned of it, they dispatched Flamininus to Otilius as successor to his command.