§7.6.1τότε δὲ ἀπεληλυθότων Ἰώνων τήν τε γῆν οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ τὴν Ἰώνων διελάγχανον καὶ ἐσῳκίζοντο ἐς τὰς πόλεις.
At that time, after the Ionians had departed, the Achaeans divided the land of the Ionians among themselves and settled in their cities.
αἱ δὲ δύο τε καὶ δέκα ἦσαν ἀριθμόν, ὁπόσαι γε καὶ ἐς ἅπαν τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν γνώριμοι, Δύμη μὲν πρὸς Ἤλιδος πρώτη, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὴν Ὤλενος καὶ Φαραὶ καὶ Τρίτεια καὶ Ῥύπες καὶ Αἴγιον καὶ Κερύνεια καὶ Βοῦρα, ἐπὶ ταύταις δὲ Ἑλίκη καὶ Αἰγαί τε καὶ Αἴγειρα καὶ Πελλήνη πρὸς τῆς Σικυωνίας ἐσχάτη·
These were twelve in number, just as many as were known to the whole Greek world: Dyme first, towards Elis; and after it Olenus, Pharae, Triteia, Rhypes, Aegium, Cerynea, and Bura; and in addition to these, Helice, Aegae, Aegeira, and Pellene, the last towards Sicyonia.
ἐς ταύτας οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς αὐτῶν ἐσῳκίζοντο πρότερον ἔτι ὑπὸ Ἰώνων οἰκουμένας.
Into these cities, which had previously been inhabited by the Ionians, the Achaeans and their kings settled.
§7.6.2ἦσαν δὲ οἱ τὸ μέγιστον ἐν τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς ἔχοντες κράτος οἵ τε Τισαμενοῦ παῖδες Δαϊμένης καὶ Σπάρτων καὶ Τέλλις τε καὶ Λεοντομένης· Κομήτης δὲ ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν Τισαμενοῦ παίδων πρότερον ἔτι διεβεβήκει ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν.
Those who possessed the greatest power among the Achaeans were the sons of Tisamenus: Daimenes, Sparton, Tellis, and Leontomenes; but Cometes, the eldest of the sons of Tisamenus, had already previously crossed over by ship to Asia.
οὗτοί τε δὴ τηνικαῦτα ἐν τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς ἐδυνάστευον καὶ Δαμασίας ὁ Πενθίλου τοῦ Ὀρέστου, τοῖς Τισαμενοῦ παισὶν ἀνεψιὸς πρὸς πατρός.
These, then, at that time held sway among the Achaeans, as did Damasias, the son of Penthilus, the son of Orestes, who was a cousin on his father's side to the sons of Tisamenus.
ἴσχυον δὲ ἐπʼ ἴσης τοῖς κατειλεγμένοις καὶ Ἀχαιῶν τῶν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος Πρευγένης καὶ ὁ υἱός, ὄνομα δέ οἱ ἦν Πατρεύς· καί σφισιν ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἐδόθη κτίσασθαι πόλιν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρέως ἐτέθη τῇ πόλει.
Preugenes and his son, whose name was Patreus, Achaeans from Lacedaemon, were equal in influence to those already mentioned; and they were permitted by the Achaeans to build a city in the territory, and the city was named after Patreus.
§7.6.3τὰ δὲ ἐς πόλεμον τοιάδε ἦν τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς.
The military history of the Achaeans was as follows.
κατὰ μὲν τὴν ἐς Ἴλιον ἐπιστρατείαν Ἀγαμέμνονος Λακεδαίμονα ἔτι καὶ Ἄργος οἰκοῦντες μεγίστη τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ μοῖρα ἦσαν·
At the time of the expedition of Agamemnon against Ilium, while they still inhabited Lacedaemon and Argos, they formed the largest part of the Greek force.
κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ξέρξου καὶ Μήδων ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα οὔτε Λεωνίδᾳ τῆς ἐξόδου τῆς ἐς Θερμοπύλας εἰσὶν οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ δῆλοι μετεσχηκότες οὔτε Ἀθηναίοις ὁμοῦ καὶ Θεμιστοκλεῖ πρὸς Εὐβοίᾳ καὶ Σαλαμῖνι ναυμαχήσαντες, οὐδὲ σφᾶς κατάλογος συμμάχων ἔχει Λακωνικὸς ἢ Ἀττικός.
But during the invasion of Greece by Xerxes and the Medes, the Achaeans are not shown to have shared in the expedition of Leonidas to Thermopylae, nor to have fought at sea with the Athenians and Themistocles off Euboea and at Salamis, nor does any Lacedaemonian or Attic catalogue of allies contain them.
§7.6.4ὑστέρησαν δὲ καὶ ἔργου τοῦ Πλαταιᾶσι· δῆλα γὰρ δὴ ὅτι ἐπὶ τῷ ἀναθήματι τῷ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων μετῆν ἂν καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς γεγράφθαι.
They were also too late for the action at Plataea; for it is obvious that, had they taken part, the Achaeans too would have been inscribed on the offering of the Greeks at Olympia.
δοκεῖν δέ μοι τὰς πατρίδας τε ὑπολειφθέντες ἕκαστοι τὰς αὑτῶν ἔσωζον καὶ ἅμα διὰ τὸ ἔργον τὸ πρὸς Τροίαν Λακεδαιμονίους Δωριεῖς ἀπηξίουν σφίσιν ἡγεῖσθαι.
It seems to me that they remained behind, each saving their own homelands, and at the same time, because of the affair at Troy, they disdained to have Lacedaemonian Dorians as their leaders.
ἐδήλωσαν δὲ καὶ ἀνὰ χρόνον· Λακεδαιμονίων γὰρ ἐς τὸν πρὸς Ἀθηναίους πόλεμον καταστάντων ὕστερον, ἐς τὴν συμμαχίαν ἦσαν οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ πρόθυμοι Πατρεῦσι, καὶ ἐς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους οὐχ ἧσσον εἶχον γνώμην.
They showed this also in course of time; for when the Lacedaemonians later engaged in the war against the Athenians, the Achaeans were eager for the alliance for the Patreans, and they were no less well-disposed towards the Athenians.
§7.6.5πολέμων δὲ τῶν πολεμηθέντων ὕστερον ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἕλλησι κοινοῦ τοῦ μὲν ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ Φιλίππου τε ἐναντία καὶ Μακεδόνων οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ μετέσχον, ἐς δὲ τὴν Θεσσαλίαν καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν πρὸς Λαμίᾳ καλούμενον πόλεμον οὔ φασιν ἐκστρατεύσασθαι, οὐ γάρ πω μετὰ τὸ πταῖσμα ἀνενηνοχέναι τὸ ἐν Βοιωτοῖς·
Of the wars waged subsequently by the Greek confederacy, the Achaeans took part in the one at Chaeronea against Philip and the Macedonians, but they say they did not march into Thessaly for the so-called Lamian War, because they had not yet recovered from the disaster in Boeotia.
ὁ δὲ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων Πατρεῦσιν ἐξηγητὴς τὸν παλαιστὴν Χίλωνα Ἀχαιῶν μόνον μετασχεῖν ἔφασκε τοῦ ἔργου τοῦ περὶ Λάμιαν.
However, the local guide of the Patreans asserted that Chilon the wrestler was the only Achaean to take part in the action around Lamia.
§7.6.6οἶδα δὲ καὶ ἄνδρα αὐτὸς Λυδὸν Ἄδραστον ἰδίᾳ καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ τοῦ Λυδῶν ἀμύναντα Ἕλλησι· τοῦ δὲ Ἀδράστου τούτου χαλκῆν εἰκόνα ἀνέθεσαν οἱ Λυδοὶ πρὸ ἱεροῦ Περσικῆς Ἀρτέμιδος, καὶ ἔγραψαν ἐπίγραμμα ὡς τελευτήσειεν ὁ Ἄδραστος ἐναντίον Λεοννάτῳ μαχόμενος ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων.
I myself know of a Lydian man, Adrastus, who privately and not on behalf of the Lydian state came to the aid of the Greeks; and the Lydians dedicated a bronze image of this Adrastus in front of the sanctuary of Persian Artemis, and wrote an inscription stating that Adrastus died fighting against Leonnatus on behalf of the Greeks.
§7.6.7ἡ δὲ ἐς Θερμοπύλας ἐπὶ τὴν Γαλατῶν στρατιὰν ἔξοδος καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν ὁμοίως παρώφθη Πελοποννησίοις· ἅτε γὰρ πλοῖα οὐκ ἐχόντων τῶν βαρβάρων, δεινὸν ἔσεσθαί σφισιν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν οὐδὲν ἤλπιζον, εἰ τὸν Κορινθίων ἰσθμὸν ἐκ θαλάσσης τῆς κατὰ Λέχαιον ἀποτειχίσειαν ἐς τὴν ἑτέραν τὴν ἐπὶ Κεγχρέαις θάλασσαν.
The expedition to Thermopylae against the army of the Galatians was likewise neglected by all the Peloponnesians; for since the barbarians had no ships, they hoped that they would have nothing to fear from them if they walled off the Isthmus of the Corinthians from the sea at Lechaeum to the other sea at Cenchreae.
§7.6.8τοῦτο μὲν δὴ Πελοποννησίων ἦν τότε ἁπάντων βούλευμα· ἐπεὶ δὲ Γαλάται ναυσὶν ὅντινα δὴ τρόπον διαβεβήκεσαν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν, ἐνταῦθα εἶχεν οὕτω τὰ Ἑλλήνων. προεστήκεσαν κατʼ ἰσχὺν οὐδένες ἔτι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ·
This, then, was the plan of all the Peloponnesians at that time; but when the Galatians had crossed over by ship in some way or other to Asia, the affairs of the Greeks were in this state: no one any longer stood at the head of the Greek nation by virtue of strength.
Λακεδαιμονίους μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις πταῖσμα καὶ ἅμα οἵ τε Ἀρκάδες συνεληλυθότες ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι παροικοῦντες ἀνασώσασθαι τὴν προτέραν ἔτι εὐδαιμονίαν ἐκώλυον·
For the Lacedaemonians were prevented from recovering their former prosperity by the disaster at Leuctra, and at the same time by the Arcadians who had assembled at Megalopolis and the Messenians who lived next to them.
§7.6.9Θηβαίοις δὲ ἐς τοσοῦτο ἠρήμωσεν Ἀλέξανδρος τὴν πόλιν, ὡς ἔτεσιν ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς καταχθέντας ὑπὸ Κασσάνδρου μηδὲ σώζειν τὰ οἰκεῖα ἀξιόχρεως εἶναι·
As for the Thebans, Alexander had so desolated their city that, when they were brought back not many years later by Cassander, they were not even capable of preserving their own territory.
Ἀθηναίοις δὲ εὔνοια μὲν παρὰ τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ τῶν ἔργων μάλιστα ὑπῆρχε τῶν ὕστερον, ἀναπαύσασθαι δὲ οὔ ποτε ἐκ τοῦ Μακεδόνων πολέμου παρῆν αὐτοῖς.
As for the Athenians, though they possessed the greatest goodwill from the Greek world on account of their subsequent deeds, they were never allowed to rest from the war with the Macedonians.