§5.7.5ἡ δὲ θάλασσα ἡ Νεκρὰ πάσχει παντὶ ὕδατι ἄλλῳ τὰ ἐναντία· ἐν ᾗ γε τὰ μὲν ζῶντα πέφυκεν οὐ νηχόμενα ἐποχεῖσθαι, τὰ δὲ θνήσκοντα ἐς βυθὸν χωρεῖν.
But the Dead Sea experiences the opposite of all other water: for in it living things by nature float without swimming, but dying things go to the bottom.
ταύτῃ ἄκαρπος καὶ ἰχθύων ἡ λίμνη· ἅτε ἀπὸ τοῦ φανερωτάτου κινδύνου ἐπὶ τὸ ὕδωρ ἀναφεύγουσιν ὀπίσω τὸ οἰκεῖον.
For this reason the lake is also barren of fish; since they flee back to their own water from the most obvious danger.
τῷ δὲ Ἀλφειῷ τὸ αὐτὸ πάσχει καὶ ὕδωρ ἄλλο ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ· τούτου δὲ τοῦ ὕδατος πηγὴ μέν ἐστιν ἐν Μυκάλῃ τῷ ὄρει, διεξελθὸν δὲ θάλασσαν τὴν μεταξὺ ἄνεισιν αὖθις κατὰ Βραγχίδας πρὸς λιμένι ὀνομαζομένῳ Πανόρμῳ.
And another water in Ionia experiences the same thing as the Alpheius; the spring of this water is on Mount Mycale, and passing through the sea in between, it rises again near Branchidae at the harbor called Panormus.
§5.7.6ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἔχει τρόπον τὸν εἰρημένον·
These things, then, are as has been said.
ἐς δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν Ὀλυμπικὸν λέγουσιν Ἠλείων οἱ τὰ ἀρχαιότατα μνημονεύοντες Κρόνον τὴν ἐν οὐρανῷ σχεῖν βασιλείαν πρῶτον καὶ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ ποιηθῆναι Κρόνῳ ναὸν ὑπὸ τῶν τότε ἀνθρώπων, οἳ ὠνομάζοντο χρυσοῦν γένος· Διὸς δὲ τεχθέντος ἐπιτρέψαι Ῥέαν τοῦ παιδὸς τὴν φρουρὰν τοῖς Ἰδαίοις Δακτύλοις, καλουμένοις δὲ τοῖς αὐτοῖς τούτοις καὶ Κούρησιν· ἀφικέσθαι δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐξ Ἴδης τῆς Κρητικῆς, Ἡρακλέα καὶ Παιωναῖον καὶ Ἐπιμήδην καὶ Ἰάσιόν τε καὶ Ἴδαν· §5.7.7τὸν δὲ Ἡρακλέα παίζοντα—εἶναι γὰρ δὴ αὐτὸν πρεσβύτατον ἡλικίᾳ—συμβαλεῖν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἐς ἅμιλλαν δρόμου καὶ τὸν νικήσαντα ἐξ αὐτῶν κλάδῳ στεφανῶσαι κοτίνου· παρεῖναι δὲ αὐτοῖς πολὺν δή τι οὕτω τὸν κότινον ὡς τὰ χλωρὰ ἔτι τῶν φύλλων ὑπεστρῶσθαι σφᾶς καθεύδοντας.
But as to the Olympic games, those of the Eleans who remember the most ancient things say that Cronus first held the kingship in heaven, and that a temple was made for Cronus in Olympia by the men of that time, who were called the Golden Race; and that when Zeus was born, Rhea entrusted the guardianship of the child to the Idaean Dactyls, who are also called by these same names, the Curetes; and that they came from Cretan Ida, namely, Heracles, Paeonaeus, Epimedes, Iasius, and Idas; and that Heracles playing—for indeed he was the oldest in age—pitted his brothers against each other in a running race, and crowned the victor among them with a branch of wild olive; and that they had the wild olive in such abundance that they strewed its still green leaves under themselves as they slept.
κομισθῆναι δὲ ἐκ τῆς Ὑπερβορέων γῆς τὸν κότινόν φασιν ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἐς Ἕλληνας, εἶναι δὲ ἀνθρώπους οἳ ὑπὲρ τὸν ἄνεμον οἰκοῦσι τὸν Βορέαν.
And they say that the wild olive was brought from the land of the Hyperboreans by Heracles to the Greeks, and that these are men who dwell beyond the North Wind.
§5.7.8πρῶτος μὲν ἐν ὕμνῳ τῷ ἐς Ἀχαιίαν ἐποίησεν Ὠλὴν Λύκιος ἀφικέσθαι τὴν Ἀχαιίαν ἐς Δῆλον ἐκ τῶν Ὑπερβορέων τούτων· ἔπειτα δὲ ᾠδὴν Μελάνωπος Κυμαῖος ἐς Ὦπιν καὶ Ἑκαέργην ᾖσεν, ὡς ἐκ τῶν Ὑπερβορέων καὶ αὗται πρότερον ἔτι τῆς Ἀχαιίας ἀφίκοντο ἐς Δῆλον·
Olen the Lycian was the first to compose in his hymn to Achaia that Achaia came to Delos from these Hyperboreans; and afterwards Melanopus of Cyme sang a song to Opis and Hecaerge, that these also had come to Delos from the Hyperboreans even before Achaia.
§5.7.9Ἀριστέας δὲ ὁ Προκοννήσιος—μνήμην γὰρ ἐποιήσατο Ὑπερβορέων καὶ οὗτος—τάχα τι καὶ πλέον περὶ αὐτῶν πεπυσμένος ἂν εἴη παρὰ Ἰσσηδόνων, ἐς οὓς ἀφικέσθαι φησὶν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν.
And Aristeas of Proconnesus—for he too made mention of the Hyperboreans—might perhaps have learned even more about them from the Issedones, whom he says in his epic verses that he visited.
Ἡρακλεῖ οὖν πρόσεστι τῷ Ἰδαίῳ δόξα τὸν τότε ἀγῶνα διαθεῖναι πρώτῳ καὶ Ὀλύμπια ὄνομα θέσθαι· διὰ πέμπτου οὖν ἔτους αὐτὸν κατεστήσατο ἄγεσθαι, ὅτι αὐτός τε καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ πέντε ἦσαν ἀριθμόν.
To Heracles the Idaean, therefore, belongs the reputation of having been the first to arrange the games at that time and to give them the name Olympics; so he established that it should be held every fifth year, because he himself and his brothers were five in number.
§5.7.10Δία δὴ οἱ μὲν ἐνταῦθα παλαῖσαι καὶ αὐτῷ Κρόνῳ περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς, οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ κατειργασμένῳ ἀγωνοθετῆσαί φασιν αὐτόν· νικῆσαι δὲ ἄλλοι τε λέγονται καὶ ὅτι Ἀπόλλων παραδράμοι μὲν ἐρίζοντα Ἑρμῆν, κρατήσαι δὲ Ἄρεως πυγμῇ.
Indeed, some say that Zeus wrestled here with Cronus himself for the sovereignty, but others say that he held the games upon his victory; and others are said to have won victories, and in particular that Apollo outran Hermes in competition, and defeated Ares in boxing.
τούτου δὲ ἕνεκα καὶ τὸ αὔλημα τὸ Πυθικόν φασι τῷ πηδήματι ἐπεισαχθῆναι τῶν πεντάθλων, ὡς τὸ μὲν ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τὸ αὔλημα ὄν, τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα δὲ ἀνῃρημένον Ὀλυμπικὰς νίκας.
For this reason, they say, the Pythian flute-playing was introduced for the jump of the pentathletes, since the flute-playing was sacred to Apollo, and Apollo had won Olympic victories.