§4.5.1Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν δὴ Πολυχάρους τε ἕνεκα οὐκ ἐκδοθέντος σφίσι καὶ διὰ τὸν Τηλέκλου φόνον, καὶ πρότερον ἔτι ὑπόπτως ἔχοντες διὰ τὸ Κρεσφόντου κακούργημα ἐς τὸν κλῆρον, πολεμῆσαι λέγουσι· Μεσσήνιοι δὲ περὶ Τηλέκλου ἀντιλέγουσι τὰ εἰρημένα ἤδη μοι καὶ Αἴπυτον τὸν Κρεσφόντου συγκαταχθέντα ἀποφαίνουσιν ὑπὸ Ἀριστοδήμου τῶν παίδων, ὃ μήποτʼ ἂν ποιῆσαι σφᾶς Κρεσφόντῃ γε ὄντας διαφόρους.
The Lacedaemonians say they went to war because Polychares was not surrendered to them, and on account of the murder of Teleclus, and because even before this they were suspicious owing to the crime of Cresphontes regarding the allotment; but the Messenians contradict what I have already related concerning Teleclus, and point out that Aepytus, the son of Cresphontes, was brought back by the sons of Aristodemus, which they would never have done if they had been at variance with Cresphontes.
§4.5.2Πολυχάρην δὲ ἐκδοῦναι μὲν ἐπὶ τιμωρίᾳ Λακεδαιμονίοις οὔ φασιν, ὅτι μηδὲ ἐκεῖνοι σφίσιν Εὔαιφνον, ἐθέλειν μέντοι παρὰ Ἀργείοις συγγενέσιν οὖσιν ἀμφοτέρων ἐν Ἀμφικτυονίᾳ διδόναι δίκας, ἐπιτρέπειν δὲ καὶ τῷ Ἀθήνῃσι δικαστηρίῳ, καλουμένῳ δὲ Ἀρείῳ πάγῳ, ὅτι δίκας τὰς φονικὰς τὸ δικαστήριον τοῦτο ἐδόκει δικάζειν ἐκ παλαιοῦ.
They say that they did not surrender Polychares for punishment to the Lacedaemonians because the latter had not surrendered Euaephnus to them, but that they were willing to submit to trial before the Argives, who were kinsmen to both, in the Amphictyony, and they were also willing to refer it to the court in Athens called the Areopagus, because this court was thought from of old to try cases of murder.
§4.5.3Λακεδαιμονίους δὲ οὐ διὰ ταῦτα πολεμῆσαί φασιν, ὑπὸ πλεονεξίας δὲ τῇ σφετέρᾳ τε ἐπιβουλεῦσαι καὶ ἄλλα ἐργάσασθαι, προφέροντες μέν σφισι τὰ Ἀρκάδων, προφέροντες δὲ καὶ τὰ Ἀργείων, ὡς οὔποτε ἐσχήκασι κόρον ἀποτεμνόμενοι τῆς χώρας αἰεί τι ἑκατέρων· Κροίσῳ τε αὐτοῖς δῶρα ἀποστείλαντι γενέσθαι φίλους βαρβάρῳ πρώτους, ἀφʼ οὗ γε τούς τε ἄλλους τοὺς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ κατεδουλώσατο Ἕλληνας καὶ ὅσοι Δωριεῖς ἐν τῇ Καρικῇ κατοικοῦσιν ἠπείρῳ.
But they say that the Lacedaemonians did not go to war for these reasons, but out of greed, plotting against their land and committing other deeds, pointing out to them the case of the Arcadians and also that of the Argives, how they never had enough while always cutting off some part of the territory of each; and that they were the first of the Greeks to become friends with Croesus, a barbarian, when he sent them gifts, from the time when he enslaved both the other Greeks in Asia and all the Dorians who dwell on the Caric mainland.
§4.5.4ἀποφαίνουσι δὲ καὶ ἡνίκα οἱ Φωκέων δυνάσται τὸ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς κατειλήφασιν, ἰδίᾳ τε κατὰ ἄνδρα τοὺς βασιλεύοντας ἐν Σπάρτῃ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τοὺς ἐπʼ ἀξιώματος καὶ κοινῇ τῶν τε ἐφόρων τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὴν γερουσίαν μετασχόντας τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ.
They also point out that when the rulers of the Phocians seized the temple in Delphi, both individually the kings in Sparta and those of the others who were in dignity, and collectively the office of the ephors and the senate, partook of the property of the god.
πρό τε δὴ πάντων, ὡς οὐδὲν ἂν τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους κέρδους ἕνεκα ὀκνήσαντας, τὴν συμμαχίαν ὀνειδίζουσί σφισι τὴν πρὸς Ἀπολλόδωρον τὸν ἐν Κασσανδρείᾳ τυραννήσαντα.
And before all, they reproach them with the alliance with Apollodorus who was tyrant in Cassandreia, as if the Lacedaemonians would hesitate at nothing for the sake of gain.
§4.5.5ἀνθʼ ὅτου δὲ Μεσσήνιοι τὸ ὄνειδος ἥγηνται τοῦτο οὕτω πικρόν, οὔ μοι τῷ λόγῳ τῷ παρόντι ἦν ἐπεισάγεσθαι· ὅτι γὰρ μὴ τῶν Μεσσηνίων τὸ εὔψυχον καὶ χρόνου μῆκος ὃν ἐπολέμησαν διάφορα ἐγένετο τῆς Ἀπολλοδώρου τυραννίδος, ἔς γε τὰς συμφορὰς οὐ πολλῷ τινι ἀποδέοι ἂν ἃ οἱ Κασσανδρεῖς πεπόνθασι.
But why the Messenians have considered this reproach so bitter was not for me to introduce in the present account; for except that the courage of the Messenians and the length of time they fought were different from the tyranny of Apollodorus, in their misfortunes they would fall short by no great deal of what the Cassandreans suffered.
§4.5.6ταῦτα μὲν δὴ αἴτια ἑκάτεροι τοῦ πολέμου γενέσθαι λέγουσι· τότε δὲ πρεσβεία Λακεδαιμονίων ἥκουσα ἐξῄτει Πολυχάρην.
These, then, each side says were the causes of the war; and at that time an embassy of the Lacedaemonians arrived demanding Polychares.
οἱ δὲ τῶν Μεσσηνίων βασιλεῖς τοῖς μὲν πρέσβεσιν ἀπεκρίναντο ὅτι βουλευσάμενοι μετὰ τοῦ δήμου τὰ δόξαντα ἐπιστελοῦσιν ἐς Σπάρτην, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐκείνων ἀπελθόντων ἐς ἐκκλησίαν τοὺς πολίτας συνῆγον.
The kings of the Messenians answered the ambassadors that having deliberated with the people they would send their decision to Sparta, and they themselves, when the ambassadors had departed, gathered the citizens to the assembly.
αἱ δὲ γνῶμαι διάφοροι παρὰ πολὺ ἐγίνοντο, Ἀνδροκλέους μὲν ἐκδιδόναι Πολυχάρην ὡς ἀνόσιά τε καὶ πέρα δεινῶν εἰργασμένον· Ἀντίοχος δὲ ἄλλα τε ἀντέλεγε καὶ τὸ ἁπάντων οἴκτιστον, εἰ Πολυχάρης ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς πείσεται τοῖς Εὐαίφνου, καταριθμούμενος ὅσα καὶ οἷα ἦν ἀνάγκη παθεῖν.
But their opinions differed by far, Androcles saying that they should surrender Polychares as having committed impious deeds beyond measure; but Antiochus spoke against this and other points, and what was most pitiable of all, if Polychares should suffer in the eyes of Euaephnus, recounting how many and what things he had been forced to suffer.
§4.5.7τέλος δὲ ἐς τοσοῦτο προήχθησαν οἵ τε Ἀνδροκλεῖ καὶ οἱ τῷ Ἀντιόχῳ συσπεύδοντες ὥστε καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἔλαβον.
At last those who supported Androcles and those who supported Antiochus were brought to such a point that they even took up arms.
οὐ μὴν ἐς μακράν γε προῆλθέ σφισιν ἡ μάχη· περιόντες γὰρ ἀριθμῷ καὶ πολὺ οἱ σὺν Ἀντιόχῳ τόν τε Ἀνδροκλέα καὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν τοὺς λόγου μάλιστα ἀξίους ἀποκτείνουσιν.
However, their battle did not proceed very far; for those with Antiochus, being far superior in number, killed both Androcles and those of his party who were of most account.
Ἀντίοχος δὲ βασιλεύων ἤδη μόνος ἔπεμπεν ἐς Σπάρτην ὡς ἐπιτρέπειν ἐθέλοι τοῖς δικαστηρίοις ἃ ἤδη λέλεκταί μοι· Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ οὐ λέγονται τοῖς κομίσασι τὰ γράμματα ἀποκρίνασθαι.
Antiochus, now reigning alone, sent to Sparta saying that he was willing to refer the matter to the courts which I have already mentioned; but the Lacedaemonians are said not to have answered those who brought the letter.
§4.5.8μησὶ δὲ οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον Ἀντιόχου τελευτήσαντος Εὐφαὴς ὁ Ἀντιόχου παρέλαβε τὴν ἀρχήν.
Not many months later, after Antiochus had died, Euphaes, the son of Antiochus, succeeded to the rule.
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ οὔτε κήρυκα ἀποστέλλουσι προεροῦντα Μεσσηνίοις πόλεμον οὔτε προαπειπάμενοι τὴν φιλίαν, κρύφα δὲ καὶ μάλιστα ὡς ἐδύναντο ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ παρασκευασάμενοι, προομνύουσιν ὅρκον μήτε τοῦ πολέμου μῆκος, ἢν μὴ διʼ ὀλίγου κριθῇ, μήτε τὰς συμφοράς, εἰ μεγάλαι πολεμοῦσι γένοιντο, ἀποστρέψειν σφᾶς πρὶν ἢ κτήσαιντο χώραν τὴν Μεσσηνίαν δοριάλωτον.
The Lacedaemonians neither sent a herald to declare war on the Messenians, nor did they renounce their friendship beforehand, but having made preparations secretly and as much in secret as they could, they swore an oath beforehand that neither the length of the war, if it should not be decided shortly, nor the misfortunes, if great ones should happen to them in the war, would turn them back until they had acquired the Messenian land as spoil of war.
§4.5.9ταῦτα προομόσαντες ἔξοδον νύκτωρ ἐποιοῦντο ἐπὶ Ἄμφειαν, Ἀλκαμένην τὸν Τηλέκλου τῆς στρατιᾶς ἡγεμόνα ἀποδείξαντες.
Having sworn this beforehand, they made an expedition by night against Ampheia, having appointed Alcamenes, the son of Teleclus, leader of the army.
ἡ δὲ Ἄμφεια πρὸς τῇ Λακωνικῇ πόλισμα ἦν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ, μεγέθει μὲν οὐ μέγα, ἐπὶ λόφου δὲ ὑψηλοῦ κείμενον, καὶ ὑδάτων πηγὰς εἶχεν ἀφθόνους· ἐδόκει δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἐς τὸν πάντα πόλεμον ὁρμητήριόν σφισιν ἐπιτήδειον ἡ Ἄμφεια εἶναι.
Ampheia was a small town in Messenia near Laconia, not large in size, but lying on a high hill, and it had abundant springs of water; and Ampheia seemed also in other respects to be a suitable base for them for the whole war.
καὶ τό τε πόλισμα αἱροῦσι πυλῶν ἀνεῳγμένων καὶ φυλακῆς οὐκ ἐνούσης καὶ τῶν Μεσσηνίων τοὺς ἐγκαταληφθέντας φονεύουσι, τοὺς μὲν ἔτι ἐν ταῖς εὐναῖς, τοὺς δὲ ὡς ᾔσθοντο πρός τε ἱερὰ θεῶν καὶ βωμοὺς καθημένους ἱκέτας· ὀλίγοι δὲ καὶ οἱ διαφυγόντες ἐγένοντο.
They captured the town while the gates were open and there was no guard, and they slaughtered those of the Messenians who were caught inside, some still in their beds, and others who, when they perceived the danger, had sat down as suppliants at the temples and altars of the gods; and those who escaped were few.
§4.5.10ταύτην Λακεδαιμόνιοι πρώτην ἐπὶ Μεσσηνίους ἔξοδον ἐποιήσαντο ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῆς ἐνάτης Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Ξενοδόκος Μεσσήνιος ἐνίκα στάδιον· Ἀθήνῃσι δὲ οὐκ ἦσάν πω τότε οἱ τῷ κλήρῳ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἄρχοντες· τοὺς γὰρ ἀπὸ Μελάνθου, καλουμένους δὲ Μεδοντίδας, κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἀφείλοντο ὁ δῆμος τῆς ἐξουσίας τὸ πολὺ καὶ ἀντὶ βασιλείας μετέστησαν ἐς ἀρχὴν ὑπεύθυνον, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ προθεσμίαν ἐτῶν δέκα ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς τῆς ἀρχῆς.
This first expedition against the Messenians was made by the Lacedaemonians in the second year of the ninth Olympiad, in which Xenodocus, a Messenian, won the stade; at Athens there were not yet at that time the archons chosen annually by lot; for those from Melanthus, called the Medontidae, were at first deprived of most of their power by the people, who changed the kingship into an accountable office, and later they also made a limit of ten years for their office.
τότε δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν κατάληψιν τῆς Ἀμφείας Αἰσιμίδης Ἀθηναίοις ἦρχεν ὁ Αἰσχύλου πέμπτον ἔτος.
At that time, during the capture of Ampheia, Aesimides, the son of Aeschylus, was ruling the Athenians in his fifth year.