§4.15.1ὡς δὲ τά τε ἄλλα ἐς τὸν πόλεμον ἕτοιμα ἦν αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν συμμάχων προθυμότερα ἢ προσεδόκων—καὶ γὰρ Ἀργείοις ἤδη καὶ Ἀρκάσι λαμπρῶς τὸ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἔχθος ἐξῆπτο—οὕτως ἀπέστησαν ἔτει τριακοστῷ μὲν καὶ ἐνάτῳ μετὰ Ἰθώμης ἅλωσιν, τετάρτῳ δὲ τῆς τρίτης Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ εἰκοστῆς, ἣν Ἴκαρος Ὑπερησιεὺς ἐνίκα στάδιον· Ἀθήνῃσι δὲ οἱ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἦσαν ἤδη τότε ἄρχοντες, καὶ Ἀθηναίοις Τλησίας ἦρχεν.
When other preparations for the war were ready for them, and the attitude of their allies was more eager than they had expected—for the hatred of the Argives and Arcadians against the Lacedaemonians had already been brilliantly kindled—they thus revolted in the thirty-ninth year after the capture of Ithome, and in the fourth year of the twenty-third Olympiad, in which Icarus of Hyperesia won the foot-race; at Athens, there were already by then annual archons, and Tlesias was archon for the Athenians.
§4.15.2ἐν δὲ Λακεδαίμονι οἵ τινες τηνικαῦτα ἔτυχον βασιλεύοντες, Τυρταῖος μὲν τὰ ὀνόματα οὐκ ἔγραψε, Ῥιανὸς δʼ ἐποίησεν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι Λεωτυχίδην βασιλέα ἐπὶ τοῦδε εἶναι τοῦ πολέμου.
As to who happened to be kings in Lacedaemon at that time, Tyrtaeus did not write their names, but Rhianus in his epic poem made Leotychides king during this war.
Ῥιανῷ μὲν οὖν ἔγωγε οὐδαμῶς κατά γε τοῦτο συνθήσομαι· Τυρταῖον δὲ καὶ οὐ λέγοντα ὅμως εἰρηκέναι τις ἂν ἐν τῷδε ἡγοῖτο.
I myself can by no means agree with Rhianus on this point; but one might suppose that Tyrtaeus, even though he does not name them, has nevertheless spoken of them in these lines.
ἐλεγεῖα γὰρ ἐς τὸν πρότερόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ πόλεμον· "
ἀμφʼ αὐτῇ δʼ ἐμάχοντʼ ἐννέα καὶ δέκʼ ἔτη
νωλεμέως, αἰεὶ ταλασίφρονα θυμὸν ἔχοντες,
αἰχμηταὶ πατέρων ἡμετέρων πατέρες. "
For he has elegiac verses on the former war: "And around it they fought for nineteen years ceaselessly, ever keeping a stout-hearted spirit, the spear-warriors, the fathers of our fathers.
§4.15.3δῆλα οὖν ἐστιν ὡς ὕστερον τρίτῃ γενεᾷ τὸν πόλεμον οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τόνδε ἐπολέμησαν, ἀποδείκνυσί τε τοῦ χρόνου τὸ συνεχὲς βασιλεύοντας τηνικαῦτα ἐν Σπάρτῃ Ἀνάξανδρον Εὐρυκράτους τοῦ Πολυδώρου, τῆς δὲ οἰκίας τῆς ἑτέρας Ἀναξίδαμον Ζευξιδάμου τοῦ Ἀρχιδάμου τοῦ Θεοπόμπου.
"It is clear, therefore, that the Messenians fought this war later in the third generation; and the continuity of time shows that the kings in Sparta at that time were Anaxander, son of Eurycrates, the son of Polydorus, and from the other house, Anaxidamus, son of Zeuxidamus, the son of Archidamus, the son of Theopompus.
κατέβην δὲ ἐς ἀπόγονον Θεοπόμπου τέταρτον, ὅτι Ἀρχίδαμος ὁ Θεοπόμπου προαπέθανε τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ ἐς Ζευξίδαμον υἱιδοῦν ὄντα ἡ Θεοπόμπου περιῆλθεν ἀρχή.
I have gone down to the fourth descendant of Theopompus because Archidamus, the son of Theopompus, died before his father, and the rule of Theopompus devolved upon Zeuxidamus, who was his grandson.
Λεωτυχίδης δὲ μετὰ Δημάρατον βασιλεύσας φαίνεται τὸν Ἀρίστωνος· Θεοπόμπου δὲ Ἀρίστων ἀπόγονος ἕβδομος.
And Leotychides is shown to have ruled after Demaratus, the son of Ariston; and Ariston was the seventh descendant of Theopompus.
§4.15.4τότε δὲ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι Λακεδαιμονίοις συμβάλλουσιν ἐν Δέραις καλουμέναις τῆς σφετέρας, ἔτει πρώτῳ μετὰ τὴν ἀπόστασιν· ἀπῆσαν δὲ ἀμφοτέροις οἱ σύμμαχοι.
At that time the Messenians clashed with the Lacedaemonians at a place in their own country called Derae, in the first year after the revolt; and the allies were absent from both sides.
καὶ νίκη μὲν ἐγένετο οὐδετέρων σαφής, Ἀριστομένην δὲ ἔργα φασὶν ἀποδείξασθαι πλέον τι ἢ ἄνδρα ἕνα εἰκὸς ἦν, ὥστε καὶ βασιλέα μετὰ τὴν μάχην ᾑροῦντο αὐτόν, ἦν γὰρ καὶ γένους τῶν Αἰπυτιδῶν·
Neither side achieved a clear victory, but they say that Aristomenes displayed deeds greater than what was to be expected from a single man, so that they even wished to choose him as king after the battle, for he was also of the race of the Aepytidae.
§4.15.5παραιτουμένου τε, οὕτω στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα εἵλοντο.
When he declined, they chose him general with absolute power.
Ἀριστομένει δὲ παρίστατο μηδʼ ἂν ἄλλον ἀπαξιῶσαι παθεῖν τι ἐν πολέμῳ δράσαντα ἄξια μνήμης· αὑτῷ μέντοι καὶ πρὸ παντὸς ἐνόμιζεν εἶναι, ἔτι ἀρχομένου τοῦ πολέμου Λακεδαιμονίους καταπλήξαντα φαίνεσθαι καὶ ἐς τὰ μέλλοντά σφισι φοβερώτερον.
It occurred to Aristomenes that no other man who had performed memorable deeds in war should be deemed unworthy to suffer whatever might happen; but for himself, he believed it was of paramount importance, while the war was still beginning, to appear to strike terror into the Lacedaemonians and to make himself more fearsome to them for the future.
ἅτε δὲ οὕτως ἔχων, ἀφικόμενος νύκτωρ ἐς τὴν Λακεδαίμονα ἀνατίθησιν ἀσπίδα πρὸς τὸν τῆς Χαλκιοίκου ναόν· ἐπεγέγραπτο δὲ Ἀριστομένην ἀπὸ Σπαρτιατῶν διδόναι τῇ θεῷ.
Being of this mind, he came by night to Lacedaemon and dedicated a shield against the temple of Athena of the Bronze House; and it was inscribed that Aristomenes dedicated it to the goddess from the spoils of the Spartans.
§4.15.6ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις μάντευμα ἐκ Δελφῶν τὸν Ἀθηναῖον ἐπάγεσθαι σύμβουλον.
There also came an oracle from Delphi to the Lacedaemonians, bidding them to take the Athenian as an adviser.
ἀποστέλλουσιν οὖν παρὰ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους τόν τε χρησμὸν ἀπαγγελοῦντας καὶ ἄνδρα αἰτοῦντας παραινέσοντα ἃ χρή σφισιν.
They therefore sent to the Athenians, reporting the oracle and asking for a man to advise them on what they ought to do.
Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ οὐδέτερα θέλοντες, οὔτε Λακεδαιμονίους ἄνευ μεγάλων κινδύνων προσλαβεῖν μοῖραν τῶν ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ τὴν ἀρίστην οὔτε αὐτοὶ παρακοῦσαι τοῦ θεοῦ, πρὸς ταῦτα ἐξευρίσκουσι· καὶ ἦν γὰρ Τυρταῖος διδάσκαλος γραμμάτων νοῦν τε ἥκιστα ἔχειν δοκῶν καὶ τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ποδῶν χωλός, τοῦτον ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς Σπάρτην.
The Athenians, desiring neither that the Lacedaemonians should acquire the best portion of the Peloponnese without great dangers, nor that they themselves should disobey the god, devised the following scheme: there was a schoolmaster named Tyrtaeus who was thought to have very little intelligence and was lame in one of his feet; him they dispatched to Sparta.
ὁ δὲ ἀφικόμενος ἰδίᾳ τε τοῖς ἐν τέλει καὶ συνάγων ὁπόσους τύχοι καὶ τὰ ἐλεγεῖα καὶ τὰ ἔπη σφίσι τὰ ἀνάπαιστα ᾖδεν.
When he arrived, he sang his elegiac poems and his anapaestic verses both to the authorities in private and to as many as he could gather together.
§4.15.7ἐνιαυτῷ δὲ ὕστερον τοῦ περὶ τὰς Δέρας ἀγῶνος, ἡκόντων ἀμφοτέροις καὶ τῶν συμμάχων, παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς μάχην συνάψοντες ἐπὶ τῷ καλουμένῳ Κάπρου σήματι.
A year after the conflict at Derae, when the allies had arrived on both sides, they prepared to join battle at the place called the Boar's Grave.
Μεσσηνίοις μὲν οὖν Ἠλεῖοι καὶ Ἀρκάδες, ἔτι δὲ ἐξ Ἄργους ἀφίκετο καὶ Σικυῶνος βοήθεια.
To the Messenians came aid from the Eleans and Arcadians, and also from Argos and Sicyon.
παρῆσαν δὲ καὶ ὅσοι πρότερον τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἔφευγον ἑκουσίως, ἐξ Ἐλευσῖνός τε, οἷς πάτριον δρᾶν τὰ ὄργια τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν, καὶ οἱ Ἀνδροκλέους ἀπόγονοι· καὶ γὰρ οἱ συσπεύσαντες μάλιστά σφισιν ἦσαν οὗτοι.
There were also present those of the Messenians who had previously gone into voluntary exile, both from Eleusis, whose ancestral duty it was to perform the mysteries of the Great Goddesses, and the descendants of Androcles; for these were the ones who showed the greatest zeal to aid them.
§4.15.8Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἦλθον Κορίνθιοι συμμαχήσοντες καὶ Λεπρεατῶν τινες κατὰ ἔχθος τὸ Ἠλείων· Ἀσιναίοις δὲ ὅρκοι πρὸς ἀμφοτέρους ἦσαν.
To the Lacedaemonians there came to fight as allies the Corinthians and some of the Lepreans because of their hatred for the Eleans; but the Asinaeans were bound by oaths to both sides.
τὸ δὲ χωρίον τοῦτο, Κάπρου σῆμα, ἔστι μὲν ἐν Στενυκλήρῳ τῆς Μεσσηνίας, Ἡρακλέα δὲ αὐτόθι ὅρκον ἐπὶ τομίων κάπρου τοῖς Νηλέως παισὶ δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν παρὰ ἐκείνων λέγουσιν.
This place, the Boar's Grave, is in Stenyclerus of Messenia, and they say that there Heracles gave an oath on the cut pieces of a boar to the sons of Neleus and received an oath from them.