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Pausanias · Description of Greece §10.12.6-10.12.11

Tomb of Herophile and Traditions of Other Sibyls

Passage 427 of 465 · Greek

Summary

Pausanias describes the death and tomb of Herophile, the claims of the Erythraeans regarding her birth, and lists other Sibyls and male oracle-givers.

§10.12.6τὸ μέντοι χρεὼν αὐτὴν ἐπέλαβεν ἐν τῇ Τρῳάδι, καί οἱ τὸ μνῆμα ἐν τῷ ἄλσει τοῦ Σμινθέως ἐστὶ καὶ ἐλεγεῖον ἐπὶ τῆς στήλης· " ἅδʼ ἐγὼ ἁ Φοίβοιο σαφηγορίς εἰμι Σίβυλλα τῷδʼ ὑπὸ λαϊνέῳ σάματι κευθομένα, παρθένος αὐδάεσσα τὸ πρίν, νῦν δʼ αἰὲν ἄναυδος, μοίρᾳ ὑπὸ στιβαρᾷ τάνδε λαχοῦσα πέδαν.
However, her destined death overtook her in the Troad, and her tomb is in the grove of Smintheus with an elegiac inscription on the stele: "Here am I, the plain-speaking Sibyl of Phoebus, hidden beneath this stone tomb, once a speaking maiden, but now forever voiceless, having obtained this fetter by a harsh fate.
ἀλλὰ πέλας Νύμφαισι καὶ Ἑρμῇ τῷδʼ ὑπόκειμαι, μοῖραν ἔχοισα κάτω τᾶς τότʼ ἀνακτορίας.
But I lie near the Nymphs and this Hermes, having my portion below in place of my former dominion.
" ὁ μὲν δὴ παρὰ τὸ μνῆμα ἕστηκεν Ἑρμῆς λίθου τετράγωνον σχῆμα· ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς δὲ ὕδωρ τε κατερχόμενον ἐς κρήνην καὶ τῶν Νυμφῶν ἐστι τὰ ἀγάλματα.
"The Hermes indeed stands beside the tomb, in the shape of a square stone; and on the left is water running down into a spring, and the statues of the Nymphs.
§10.12.7Ἐρυθραῖοι δὲ—ἀμφισβητοῦσι γὰρ τῆς Ἡροφίλης προθυμότατα Ἑλλήνων—Κώρυκόν τε καλούμενον ὄρος καὶ ἐν τῷ ὄρει σπήλαιον ἀποφαίνουσι, τεχθῆναι τὴν Ἡροφίλην ἐν αὐτῷ λέγοντες, Θεοδώρου δὲ ἐπιχωρίου ποιμένος καὶ νύμφης παῖδα εἶναι·
The Erythraeans—for they dispute the claim to Herophile most eagerly of all the Greeks—point to a mountain called Corycus and a cave in the mountain, saying that Herophile was born in it, and that she was the child of Theodorus, a local shepherd, and of a nymph.
Ἰδαίαν δὲ ἐπίκλησιν γενέσθαι τῇ νύμφῃ κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, τῶν δὲ χωρίων τὰ δασέα ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἴδας τότε ὀνομάζεσθαι.
They say that the nymph received the surname Idaea for no other reason than that wooded places were at that time called idae by men.
τὸ δὲ ἔπος τὸ ἐς τὴν Μάρπησσον καὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν Ἀϊδωνέα, τοῦτο οἱ Ἐρυθραῖοι τὸ ἔπος ἀφαιροῦσιν ἀπὸ τῶν χρησμῶν.
As for the verse about Marpessus and the river Aidoneus, the Erythraeans remove this verse from the oracles.
§10.12.8τὴν δὲ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ χρησμοὺς κατὰ ταὐτὰ εἰποῦσαν ἐκ Κύμης τῆς ἐν Ὀπικοῖς εἶναι, καλεῖσθαι δὲ Δημὼ συνέγραψεν Ὑπέροχος ἀνὴρ Κυμαῖος.
The woman who after her gave oracles in the same way was from Cyme in the country of the Opici, and her name was Demo, according to Hyperochus, a man of Cyme.
χρησμὸν δὲ οἱ Κυμαῖοι τῆς γυναικὸς ταύτης οὐδένα εἶχον ἐπιδείξασθαι, λίθου δὲ ὑδρίαν ἐν Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερῷ δεικνύουσιν οὐ μεγάλην, τῆς Σιβύλλης ἐνταῦθα κεῖσθαι φάμενοι τὰ ὀστᾶ.
But the Cymaeans had no oracle of this woman to show, but they point to a small stone urn in the temple of Apollo, saying that the bones of the Sibyl lie there.
§10.12.9ἐπετράφη δὲ καὶ ὕστερον τῆς Δημοῦς παρʼ Ἑβραίοις τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς Παλαιστίνης γυνὴ χρησμολόγος, ὄνομα δὲ αὐτῇ Σάββη· Βηρόσου δὲ εἶναι πατρὸς καὶ Ἐρυμάνθης μητρός φασι Σάββην· οἱ δὲ αὐτὴν Βαβυλωνίαν, ἕτεροι δὲ Σίβυλλαν καλοῦσιν Αἰγυπτίαν.
There also grew up later than Demo, among the Hebrews above Palestine, a woman who gave oracles, whose name was Sabbe; and they say that Sabbe was the daughter of Berosus as father and Erymanthe as mother, though some call her a Babylonian, and others an Egyptian Sibyl.
§10.12.10Φαεννὶς δὲ θυγάτηρ βασιλεύσαντος ἀνδρὸς ἐν Χάοσι καὶ αἱ Πέλειαι παρὰ Δωδωναίοις ἐμαντεύσαντο μὲν ἐκ θεοῦ καὶ αὗται, Σίβυλλαι δὲ ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων οὐκ ἐκλήθησαν.
Phaennis, the daughter of a man who ruled as king among the Chaones, and the Peleiades among the Dodonaeans also prophesied by inspiration of the god, but they were not called Sibyls by men.
τῆς μὲν δὴ πυθέσθαι τὴν ἡλικίαν καὶ ἐπιλέξασθαι τοὺς χρησμούς Ἀντιόχου γὰρ μετὰ τὸ ἁλῶναι Δημήτριον αὐτίκα ἐς τὴν ἀρχὴν καθισταμένου γέγονε Φαεννίς.
As for Phaennis, indeed, one can learn her date and read her oracles; for she lived at the very time when Antiochus was establishing himself in his kingdom after Demetrius was taken prisoner.
τὰς Πελειάδας δὲ Φημονόης τε ἔτι προτέρας γενέσθαι λέγουσι καὶ ᾆσαι γυναικῶν πρώτας τάδε τὰ ἔπη· " Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζεὺς ἐστίν, Ζεὺς ἔσσεται· ὦ μεγάλε Ζεῦ.
But they say that the Peleiades were born even earlier than Phemonoe, and were the first of women to sing these verses: "Zeus was, Zeus is, Zeus shall be; O great Zeus.
Γᾶ καρποὺς ἀνίει, διὸ κλῄζετε Ματέρα γαῖαν.
The Earth sends up fruits, therefore call on Mother Earth.
" §10.12.11χρησμολόγους δὲ ἄνδρας Κύπριόν τε Εὔκλουν καὶ Ἀθηναίους Μουσαῖον τὸν Ἀντιοφήμου καὶ Λύκον τὸν Πανδίονος, τούτους τε γενέσθαι καὶ ἐκ Βοιωτίας Βάκιν φασὶ κατάσχετον ἄνδρα ἐκ νυμφῶν· τούτων πλὴν Λύκου τῶν ἄλλων ἐπελεξάμην τοὺς χρησμούς.
"And they say that male oracle-givers were Euclus the Cyprian, and the Athenians Musaeus, son of Antiophemus, and Lycus, son of Pandion, and Bacis from Boeotia, a man possessed by nymphs; of these, except Lycus, I have read the oracles of the others.
τοσαῦται μὲν ἄχρι ἐμοῦ λέγονται γυναῖκες καὶ ἄνδρες ἐκ θεοῦ μαντεύσασθαι· ἐν δὲ τῷ χρόνῳ τῷ πολλῷ καὶ αὖθις γένοιτο ἂν ἕτερα τοιαῦτα.
These are the women and men who up to my time are said to have prophesied by the inspiration of the god; and in the course of long time other such may arise again.

Notes

  1. 10.12.6τὸ χρεὼν — The neuter noun χρεών with the article, meaning 'fate,' 'necessity,' or euphemistically 'death.' Here it is used as the subject of the verb ἐπέλαβεν ('overtook' or 'seized') in a personified sense.
  2. 10.12.6ἔχοισα — The Doric (or Aeolic) form of the feminine singular nominative present participle ἔχουσα. In this epigram (elegy), other Doric forms are also used, such as ἅδε (ἥδε), ἁ (ἡ), σάματι (σήματι), and τᾶς (τῆς).
  3. 10.12.7τῆς Ἡροφίλης — Genitive object of the verb ἀμφισβητοῦσι ('to dispute' or 'claim'). It means 'to claim Herophile (as belonging to one's own city).'
  4. 10.12.10τῆς μὲν δὴ πυθέσθαι τὴν ἡλικίαν — The genitive demonstrative (or relative) pronoun τῆς refers to Phaennis, dependent on τὴν ἡλικίαν ('the age/date') which is the object of the infinitive πυθέσθαι ('to learn/inquire'). The phrase has an impersonal sense meaning 'it is possible to learn her date.'

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §10.12.6-10.12.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.12.6-10.12.11

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