§411ὅτε δʼ ἔστιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ τούτους κἀκείνους χειροῦσθαι ἢ διʼ ἐκείνων καὶ τούτους αἱρεῖν, πανταχῆ νικᾷ τὰ βέλτιστα.
And since it is possible from the beginning to master both these and those, or through those to win these also, the best things conquer in every way.
μάρτυρας δὲ καὶ τούτων ἔχομεν ποιητὰς, οἳ τοὺς ἀρίστους καὶ ἀσφαλεστάτους τῶν ῥητόρων μάλιστα ζηλοῦσθαί φασι καὶ μακαρίζεσθαι παρὰ τοῖς πλήθεσι.
And as witnesses of these things we have poets, who say that the best and most secure of the orators are most envied and blessed among the multitudes.
καὶ τί δεῖ τοὺς παλαιοὺς καταλέγειν ἢ ποιητὰς ἢ ῥήτορας;
And why is there any need to list the ancients, whether poets or orators?
ἀλλʼ ἡμῶν τουτωνὶ, θεὸς δʼ εὐμενὴς παραπέμποι τὸν λόγον, τίνες πω μείζους θορύβους ἐν συλλόγοις ἐκίνησαν;
Nay, concerning ourselves here—and may a propitious god guide our speech—who has ever stirred up greater applauses in assemblies?
ἢ τίς μᾶλλον σὺν θεοῖς εἰπεῖν, τουτὶ γὰρ ἔμοιγε ἡγείσθω πάσης παρρησίας, ἀμφοτέρων ἥψατο τῶν ἐθνῶν, λέγω καὶ τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ τῶν οὓς πολλοὺς ὀνομάζομεν, οἵ γε καὶ μηδενὸς αὐτοὺς ἐπαναγκάζοντος νόμου διώμοτοι τὴν ψῆφον φέρουσιν.
Or who has rather—to speak with the help of the gods, for let this be deemed by me to precede all freedom of speech—touched both classes, I mean both the refined and those whom we call the multitude, who indeed, though no law compels them, bring their vote under oath?
ἐῶ τἄλλα.
I pass over other things.
ἀλλʼ ἃ νυνὶ φθέγγεσθε ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁρᾶτε δήπουθεν.
But you surely see what you are now shouting in response to these words.
ἔστιν οὖν ὅ τι πώποτε πρὸς χάριν ἡμεῖς εἴπομεν τῶν ἀκροατῶν;
Is there, then, anything that we have ever spoken to curry favor with the hearers?
οὐδὲ γρῦ.
Not a single syllable!
καίτοι πολλὰ καὶ παντοῖα.
And yet we have spoken many things of all kinds.
μόνοι γὰρ τῶν πώποτε ἁψαμένων λόγων εὐχόμεθα, ὅπερ μετριώτατον εἰπεῖν, ὁπόσα ἐστὶ καὶ νομίζεται περὶ λόγους ἀγαθὰ εἰς μίαν δύναμιν κατακλείσαντες δεικνύναι μεθʼ ὑπερβολῆς.
For we alone of those who have ever touched speech pray—to say what is most moderate—to display in surpassing measure, shutting them up into a single power, all the good things that exist and are recognized concerning speeches.
οὕτως ἐγώ.
Such am I.
καὶ οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν φαίην ἂν χαρίζεσθαι καὶ οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ χαρίζεσθαι, ἀνθʼ ὧν εἰκότως τὰ προσήκοντα χαρίζομαι.
And I would say that I do not curry favor in any way, and yet there is nothing in which I do not gratify them, in return for which I naturally grant them what is fitting.
εἶτʼ ἐγὼ τετηρηκὼς ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων καὶ τῶν αὐτὸς ἐμαυτοῦ λόγων ὡς οὐκ ἀμισθὶ τὸ τὰ βέλτιστα λέγειν περιγίγνεται, συγχωρῶ τοῖς φληνάφοις τούτοις καταψεύδεσθαι τῶν πολλῶν, ὅτι τούτων ἕνεκα ἀμαθαίνουσιν;
Am I then, who have observed in actual facts and in my own speeches that speaking the best things does not go unrewarded, to allow these babblers to slander the multitude, claiming that they play the fool for the sake of the multitude?
οὐχ ἕως γʼ ἂν ἐμαυτὸν ὑπάρχω γιγνώσκων.
Not as long as I remain in my right mind!
εἰ δέ τινες φάσκοντες αὖ βέλτιον ἢ κατὰ τούτους προῃρῆσθαι μὴ τυγχάνουσι τῶν πολλῶν, ἀλλʼ ἀποσβέννυνται πρίν τινα ἰδεῖν τὴν φλόγα, οὐδὲν τοῦτό γʼ ἐστὶ κατὰ τῶν σεμνοτέρων λόγων ἢ ὅλως κρειττόνων.
But if some, claiming on the other hand to have chosen a better course than these, fail to win the multitude, but are extinguished before anyone can see their flame, this is in no way to the detriment of the more solemn or generally better speeches.
ἐνδείᾳ γὰρ τῶν μεγίστων αὐτὸ πάσχουσιν, οὔτε γνώμην ἱκανὴν οὔτε κόσμον παρασχόμενοι περὶ τοὺς λόγους.
For they suffer this through a lack of the most important things, providing neither sufficient thought nor ornament in their speeches.
εἰ δʼ ἦσαν τέλεοι τὴν μουσικὴν, ὃ τῷ Ὀρφεῖ λέγεται προσεῖναι §412κἂν τούτοις προσῆν, πάντας ἂν ἦγον.
But if they were perfect in the liberal arts, that which is said to have belonged to Orpheus would have belonged to them too, and they would have led everyone.
νῦν δʼ ἐκείνῳ μὲν καὶ τὰ ξύλα καὶ τοὺς λίθους ἄγειν προστίθησιν ὁ μῦθος διʼ ὑπερβολῆς, οἱ δʼ ἀντὶ ξύλων αὐτοὶ καὶ λίθων εἰσὶ τῷ μὴ κινεῖν.
But as it is, while the myth exaggerates in attributing to him the power to lead even wood and stones, these men themselves, by failing to move anyone, are like wood and stones.
ἀλλʼ ἡμεῖς οὐ τοῦτο προὐθέμεθα σκοπεῖν, πόσοι πταισμάτων εἰσὶ τρόποι περὶ τοὺς λόγους, οὐδʼ εἴ τινες καὶ ἕτεροι δυστυχοῦσιν, ἀλλʼ ὅτι τῆς ἀρετῆς οὐδεμία πω κακία τρόπαιον ἔστησεν.
But we did not propose to consider this, how many kinds of failures there are concerning speeches, nor whether some others also are unfortunate, but rather that no vice has ever erected a trophy of victory over virtue.
οὐδʼ ἀφʼ ἑνὸς πράγματος τοῦτο λέγοντες οὐκ ἂν αἰσχυνοίμεθα· ἐπεί τοι καὶ τούτων αὖ τινα τῶν περὶ τοὺς ὄχλους καλινδουμένων καλῶς ἐγώ ποτʼ ἐφώρασα τἀναντία πράττοντα ἢ ἔσπευδεν.
Nor would we be ashamed to say this even from a single case; for indeed, I once caught one of those who wallow around the crowds acting in a way that was beautifully contrary to what he was striving for.
ᾖδε μὲν γὰρ ἐγκλίνας τῶν χαρίτων ἕνεκα, ἀκροτελεύτιον δʼ ἐπεφθέγγετο ἐφʼ ἑκάστῳ τῶν κομματίων ὥσπερ ἐν μέλει ταυτόν.
For he sang with a modulated voice for the sake of pleasing, and at the end of each short clause he would chant the same refrain, as if in a song.
οἱ δʼ ἀκροαταὶ καὶ ἐρώμενοι οὕτω σφόδρα ἐξεπλήττοντο καὶ κατείχοντο ὑπὸ τοῦ μέλους ὥσθʼ ὅτε δὴ ἐγίγνοντο πρὸς τῷ ῥήματι, ἐκγελάσαντες ἂν αὐτοὶ ὑπέβαλον, οὐκ ἀνταποδιδόντες ὥσπερ ἠχὼ τὴν φωνὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ προλαμβάνοντες.
And the hearers, who were also his admirers, were so violently struck and possessed by the melody that, when they came to that word, they would burst out laughing and supply it themselves, not just echoing the voice like an echo, but even anticipating it.
καὶ δῆτα ἡδὺς ἦν ὁ κορυφαῖος ἰὼν κατόπιν τοῦ χοροῦ.
And indeed, it was a delightful sight to see the leader of the chorus going behind the chorus.
προσῆπτον δέ τι καὶ ἄλλο τοῦ κόρδακος οὕνεκα, ὥστʼ ἐλεινὸν τὸ χρῆμα τῆς συναυλίας εἶναι τοῦ τε σοφιστοῦ καὶ τῶν ἑταίρων ἐφʼ οἷς ἐπτόητο.
And they added something else for the sake of the kordax, so that the spectacle of the concert between the sophist and the companions over whom he was excited was a pitiful thing.
τοιαῦτα οἱ τὸ βέλτιον τιμῶντες ἆθλα φέρονται παρὰ τῶν λογίων θεῶν καὶ τοιαῦτα οἱ λυμαινόμενοι τοῖς λόγοις.
Such are the prizes that those who honor the better receive from the gods of eloquence, and such are those of the ones who outrage speeches.
ἔπειτα ποιοῦσι παραπλήσιον ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις ἀνδρόγυνος ἢ εὐνοῦχος μὴ τὴν ἀσθένειαν τοῦ σώματος μηδὲ τὴν τύχην αἰτιῷτο, προνοίᾳ δὲ φάσκοι γενέσθαι τοιοῦτος.
Then they do something very similar to what a hermaphrodite or a eunuch would do if, instead of blaming the weakness of his body or his fortune, he should claim to have become such by design.
ἀλλʼ οὔτʼ ἀληθῆ λέγεις, ὦ τᾶν, οὔθʼ ὅλως σωφρονεῖς, εἰ φὴς ἑκὼν ταῦτα τιμῆσαι.
But you neither speak the truth, my good sir, nor are you at all in your right mind, if you say that you have chosen to honor these things of your own free will.
καὶ νῦν ἐγὼ κινδυνεύω φιλανθρωπότερος περὶ τούτους εἶναι τοῖς λόγοις τούτοις ἤπερ αὐτοὶ περὶ σφᾶς αὐτούς.
And now, by these words, I run the risk of being more humane toward them than they are toward themselves.
ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἄκοντας αὐτοὺς ἀποφαίνω καὶ δυστυχίᾳ τινὶ τοῦτο πάσχοντας, οἱ δʼ ἐξεπίτηδές φασι ποικίλλειν.
For I show that they are acting against their will and suffer this through some misfortune, whereas they themselves claim to vary their style on purpose.
οἱ δὲ νόμοι τοὺς ἑκουσίως πλημμελοῦντας
But the laws [punish] those who err voluntarily...