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Strabo · Geography §7.7.5

Tribes of Epirus and Coastline from the Ceraunian Mountains

Passage 223 of 577 · Greek

Summary

The text details the fourteen Epirote nations according to Theopompus, describing the territories of the Chaonians, Molossians, and Thesprotians, and systematically charts the coastal features, including harbours, islands, and rivers, from the Ceraunian Mountains to the Ambracian Gulf and Nicopolis.

§7.7.5τῶν μὲν οὖν Ἠπειρωτῶν ἔθνη φησὶν εἶναι Θεόπομπος τετταρεσκαίδεκα, τούτων δʼ ἐνδοξότατα Χάονες καὶ Μολοττοὶ διὰ τὸ ἄρξαι ποτὲ πάσης τῆς Ἠπειρώτιδος πρότερον μὲν Χάονας, ὕστερον δὲ Μολοττούς, οἳ καὶ διὰ τὴν συγγένειαν τῶν βασιλέων ἐπὶ πλέον ηὐξήθησαν (τῶν γὰρ Αἰακιδῶν ἦσαν), καὶ διὰ τὸ παρὰ τούτοις εἶναι τὸ ἐν Δωδώνῃ μαντεῖον, παλαιόν τε καὶ ὀνομαστὸν ὄν.
Theopompus says that there are fourteen nations of the Epirotes. Of these, the most famous are the Chaonians and the Molossians, because of the fact that first the Chaonians and later the Molossians once ruled over the whole of Epirus, and the Molossians increased in power still more because of the kinship of their kings (for they belonged to the Aeacidae), and because the oracle at Dodona was in their territory, being ancient and renowned.
Χάονες μὲν οὖν καὶ Θεσπρωτοὶ καὶ μετὰ τούτους ἐφεξῆς Κασσωπαῖοι (καὶ οὗτοι δʼ εἰσὶ Θεσπρωτοὶ) τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν Κεραυνίων ὀρῶν μέχρι τοῦ Ἀμβρακικοῦ κόλπου παραλίαν νέμονται χώραν εὐδαίμονα ἔχοντες·
Now the Chaonians and the Thesprotians, and next after them in order the Cassopaeans (and these too are Thesprotians), occupy the coast from the Ceraunian Mountains to the Ambracian Gulf, possessing a fertile land.
ὁ δὲ πλοῦς ἀπὸ τῶν Χαόνων ἀρξαμένῳ πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον καὶ πρὸς τὸν Ἀμβρακικὸν κόλπον καὶ τὸν Κορινθιακόν, ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχοντι τὸ Αὐσόνιον πέλαγος, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ τὴν Ἤπειρον, εἰσὶ χίλιοι καὶ τριακόσιοι στάδιοι ἀπὸ τῶν Κεραυνίων ἐπὶ τὸ στόμα τοῦ Ἀμβρακικοῦ κόλπου.
For one who begins his voyage from the Chaonians towards the rising sun (east) and towards the Ambracian and Corinthian Gulfs, keeping the Ausonian Sea on the right and Epirus on the left, the voyage is one thousand three hundred stadia from the Ceraunian Mountains to the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf.
ἐν τούτῳ δʼ ἐστὶ τῷ διαστήματι Πάνορμός τε λιμὴν μέγας ἐν μέσοις τοῖς Κεραυνίοις ὄρεσι, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Ὄγχησμος λιμὴν ἄλλος, καθʼ ὃν τὰ δυσμικὰ ἄκρα τῆς Κορκυραίας ἀντίκειται, καὶ πάλιν ἄλλος Κασσιόπη, ἀφʼ οὗ ἐπὶ Βρεντέσιον χίλιοι ἑπτακόσιοι στάδιοι· οἱ δʼ ἴσοι καὶ ἐπὶ Τάραντα ἀπὸ ἄλλου ἀκρωτηρίου νοτιωτέρου τῆς Κασσιόπης ὃ καλοῦσι Φαλακρόν.
In this interval is Panormus, a large harbour in the middle of the Ceraunian Mountains, and after this another harbour, Onchesmus, opposite to which lie the western extremities of Corcyra, and again another, Cassiope, from which to Brentesium is one thousand seven hundred stadia; and the distance is the same also to Tarentum from another cape, further south than Cassiope, which they call Phalacrum.
μετὰ δὲ Ὄγχησμον Ποσείδιον καὶ Βουθρωτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ στόματι τοῦ Πηλώδους καλουμένου λιμένος ἱδρυμένον ἐν τόπῳ χερρονησίζοντι, ἐποίκους ἔχον Ῥωμαίους, καὶ τὰ Σύβοτα.
After Onchesmus come Poseidium and Buthrotum, which is situated at the mouth of the so-called Pelodes harbour on a peninsula-like place, having Roman colonists, and Sybota.
εἰσὶ δὲ νησῖδες τὰ Σύβοτα τῆς μὲν Ἠπείρου μικρὸν ἀπέχουσαι, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἑῷον ἄκρον τῆς Κορκυραίας τὴν Λευκίμμαν κείμεναι. καὶ ἄλλαι δʼ ἐν τῷ παράπλῳ νησῖδες εἰσὶν οὐκ ἄξιαι μνήμης.
Sybota is a group of small islands situated at a short distance from Epirus, lying opposite Leucimma, the eastern cape of Corcyra; and there are also other small islands along the coasting voyage, not worthy of mention.
ἔπειτα ἄκρα Χειμέριον καὶ Γλυκὺς λιμήν, εἰς ὃν ἐμβάλλει ὁ Ἀχέρων ποταμός, ῥέων ἐκ τῆς Ἀχερουσίας λίμνης καὶ δεχόμενος πλείους ποταμοὺς ὥστε καὶ γλυκαίνειν τὸν κόλπον· ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ ὁ Θύαμις πλησίον.
Then come Cape Cheimerium and Glycys Limen (Sweet Harbour), into which the Acheron River empties, flowing from the Acherusian Lake and receiving several rivers, so that it even sweetens the gulf; and the Thyamis also flows nearby.
ὑπέρκειται δὲ τούτου μὲν τοῦ κόλπου Κίχυρος, ἡ πρότερον Ἐφύρα, πόλις Θεσπρωτῶν· τοῦ δὲ κατὰ Βουθρωτὸν ἡ Φοινίκη.
Above this gulf lies Cichyrus, the former Ephyra, a city of the Thesprotians; and above the gulf at Buthrotum lies Phoenice.
ἐγγὺς δὲ τῆς Κιχύρου πολίχνιον Βουχέτιον Κασσωπαίων μικρὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς θαλάττης ὄν, καὶ Ἐλάτρια καὶ Πανδοσία καὶ Βατίαι ἐν μεσογαίᾳ, καθήκει δʼ αὐτῶν ἡ χώρα μέχρι τοῦ κόλπου.
Near Cichyrus is Buchetium, a small town of the Cassopaeans, situated slightly above the sea, and in the interior are Elatria, Pandosia, and Batiae; and their territory extends as far as the gulf.
μετὰ δὲ Γλυκὺν λιμένα ἐφεξῆς εἰσι δύο ἄλλοι λιμένες, ὁ μὲν ἐγγυτέρω καὶ ἐλάττων Κόμαρος ἰσθμὸν ποιῶν ἑξήκοντα σταδίων πρὸς τὸν Ἀμβρακικὸν κόλπον καὶ τὸ τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ Καίσαρος κτίσμα τὴν Νικόπολιν· ὁ δὲ ἀπωτέρω καὶ μείζων καὶ ἀμείνων πλησίον τοῦ στόματος τοῦ κόλπου, διέχων τῆς Νικοπόλεως ὅσον δώδεκα σταδίους.
After Glycys Limen there are next two other harbours, the nearer and smaller of which is Comarus, forming an isthmus of sixty stadia with the Ambracian Gulf and Nicopolis, the foundation of Augustus Caesar; and the further, larger, and better one is near the mouth of the gulf, being distant from Nicopolis about twelve stadia.

Notes

  1. p.446ὁ δὲ πλοῦς ... εἰσὶ χίλιοι καὶ τριακόσιοι στάδιοι — The subject `ὁ πλοῦς` is singular, but the verb `εἰσὶ` and the predicate noun `στάδιοι` are plural. This is an instance of constructio ad sensum (agreement according to sense), matching the plural nature of the numerical distance rather than strict grammatical syntax.
  2. p.446ἀρξαμένῳ ... ἔχοντι — These dative participles function as datives of reference (or datives of the person judging), establishing the point of view of the voyager ("for one who begins... and keeps...").
  3. p.446τοῦ δὲ κατὰ Βουθρωτὸν ἡ Φοινίκη — This clause continues the structure of the preceding `ὑπέρκειται δὲ τούτου μὲν τοῦ κόλπου`; the verb `ὑπέρκειται` and the genitive noun `κόλπου` (or `λιμένος`) are omitted. The full sense is `τοῦ δὲ [κόλπου ὑπέρκειται] κατὰ Βουθρωτὸν ἡ Φοινίκη` ("and above the [gulf] near Buthrotum [lies] Phoenice").
  4. p.446εἰσὶ δὲ νησῖδες τὰ Σύβοτα... κείμεναι — Although the grammatical subject `τὰ Σύβοτα` is neuter plural, the modifying participles `ἀπέχουσαι` and `κείμεναι` are attracted into the feminine plural to agree with the predicate noun `νησῖδες` (feminine plural).

Cite this passage

Strabo, Geography §7.7.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.7.5

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