§7.7.3πρότερον μὲν οὖν καίπερ μικρῶν καὶ πολλῶν καὶ ἀδόξων ὄντων τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὅμως διὰ τὴν εὐανδρίαν καὶ τὸ βασιλεύεσθαι κατὰ σφᾶς οὐ πάνυ ἦν χαλεπὸν διαλαβεῖν τοὺς ὅρους αὐτῶν, νυνὶ δʼ ἐρήμου τῆς πλείστης χώρας γεγενημένης καὶ τῶν κατοικιῶν καὶ μάλιστα τῶν πόλεων ἠφανισμένων, οὐδʼ εἰ δύναιτό τις ἀκριβοῦν ταῦτα, οὐδὲν ἂν ποιοίη χρήσιμον διὰ τὴν ἀδοξίαν καὶ τὸν ἀφανισμὸν αὐτῶν, ὃς ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου λαβὼν τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐδὲ νῦν πω πέπαυται κατὰ πολλὰ μέρη διὰ τὰς ἀποστάσεις, ἀλλʼ ἐνστρατοπεδεύουσιν αὐτοῖς Ῥωμαῖοι τοῖς οἴκοις, κατασταθέντες ὑπʼ αὐτῶν δυνάσται.
Formerly, although these nations were small, numerous, and obscure, nevertheless, because of their populousness and their being ruled by their own kings, it was not at all difficult to distinguish their boundaries. But now, since most of the country has become deserted and the settlements, especially the cities, have disappeared, even if one were able to determine these things accurately, one would achieve nothing useful, because of their obscurity and their disappearance, which, having taken its beginning from a long time ago, has not even yet ceased in many parts because of the rebellions; rather, the Romans, having been established by them as rulers, are quartered in their very homes.
τῶν γοῦν Ἠπειρωτῶν ἑβδομήκοντα πόλεις Πολύβιός φησιν ἀνατρέψαι Παῦλον μετὰ τὴν Μακεδόνων καὶ Περσέως κατάλυσιν (Μολοττῶν δʼ ὑπάρξαι τὰς πλείστας), πέντε δὲ καὶ δέκα μυριάδας ἀνθρώπων ἐξανδραποδίσασθαι.
At any rate, Polybius says that after the overthrow of the Macedonians and Perseus, Paulus destroyed seventy cities of the Epirotes (the majority of which belonged to the Molossians) and enslaved one hundred and fifty thousand people.
ὅμως δʼ οὖν ἐγχειρήσομεν, ἐφʼ ὅσον τῇ γραφῇ τε προσήκει καὶ ἡμῖν ἐφικτόν, ἐπελθεῖν τὰ καθʼ ἕκαστα, ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς κατὰ τὸν Ἰόνιον κόλπον παραλίας· αὕτη δʼ ἐστὶν εἰς ἣν ὁ ἔκπλους ὁ ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδρίου τελευτᾷ.
Nevertheless, we shall attempt, as far as is appropriate for our writing and within our power, to go through the details, starting from the coast along the Ionian Gulf; and this is where the voyage out of the Adriatic ends.
§7.7.4ταύτης δὴ τὰ πρῶτα μέρη τὰ περὶ Ἐπίδαμνον καὶ Ἀπολλωνίαν ἐστίν.
The first parts of this coast are those around Epidamnus and Apollonia.
ἐκ δὲ τῆς Ἀπολλωνίας εἰς Μακεδονίαν ἡ Ἐγνατία ἐστὶν ὁδὸς πρὸς ἕω, βεβηματισμένη κατὰ μίλιον καὶ κατεστηλωμένη μέχρι Κυψέλων καὶ Ἕβρου ποταμοῦ· μιλίων δʼ ἐστὶ πεντακοσίων τριάκοντα πέντε·
From Apollonia, the Egnatian Way runs eastward into Macedonia, measured by miles and marked with milestones as far as Cypsela and the Hebrus River; and it is five hundred and thirty-five miles.
λογιζομένῳ δέ, ὡς μὲν οἱ πολλοί, τὸ μίλιον ὀκταστάδιον τετρακισχίλιοι ἂν εἶεν στάδιοι καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς διακόσιοι ὀγδοήκοντα, ὡς δὲ Πολύβιος προστιθεὶς τῷ ὀκτασταδίῳ δίπλεθρον, ὅ ἐστι τρίτον σταδίου, προσθετέον ἄλλους σταδίους ἑκατὸν ἑβδομήκοντα ὀκτώ, τὸ τρίτον τοῦ τῶν μιλίων ἀριθμοῦ.
For one who calculates, as most do, the mile at eight stadia, there would be four thousand two hundred and eighty stadia; but according to Polybius, who adds to the eight stadia two plethra, which is one-third of a stadium, one must add another hundred and seventy-eight stadia, the third of the number of miles.
συμβαίνει δʼ ἀπὸ ἴσου διαστήματος συμπίπτειν εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδὸν τούς τʼ ἐκ τῆς Ἀπολλωνίας ὁρμηθέντας καὶ τοὺς ἐξ Ἐπιδάμνου.
It happens that those who set out from Apollonia and those from Epidamnus fall into the same road from an equal distance.
ἡ μὲν οὖν πᾶσα Ἐγνατία καλεῖται, ἡ δὲ πρώτη ἐπὶ Κανδαουίας λέγεται ὄρους Ἰλλυρικοῦ, διὰ Λυχνιδοῦ πόλεως καὶ Πυλῶνος τόπου ὁρίζοντος ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ τήν τε Ἰλλυρίδα καὶ τὴν Μακεδονίαν· ἐκεῖθεν δʼ ἐστὶ παρὰ Βαρνοῦντα διὰ Ἡρακλείας καὶ Λυγκηστῶν καὶ Ἐορδῶν εἰς Ἔδεσσαν καὶ Πέλλαν μέχρι Θεσσαλονικείας· μίλια δʼ ἐστί, φησὶ Πολύβιος, ταῦτα διακόσια ἑξήκοντα ἑπτά.
Now the whole road is called the Egnatian, but the first part is called the road to Candavia, an Illyrian mountain, passing through the city of Lychnidus and a place called Pylon, which marks the boundary between Illyria and Macedonia on the road; and from there it runs alongside Barnus, through Heraclea and the lands of the Lyncestae and the Eordians, to Edessa and Pella, as far as Thessalonica; these miles, Polybius says, are two hundred and sixty-seven.
ταύτην δὴ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐκ τῶν περὶ τὴν Ἐπίδαμνον καὶ τὴν Ἀπολλωνίαν τόπων ἰοῦσιν ἐν δεξιᾷ μέν ἐστι τὰ Ἠπειρωτικὰ ἔθνη κλυζόμενα τῷ Σικελικῷ πελάγει μέχρι τοῦ Ἀμβρακικοῦ κόλπου, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ τὰ ὄρη τὰ τῶν Ἰλλυριῶν ἃ προδιήλθομεν, καὶ τὰ ἔθνη τὰ παροικοῦντα μέχρι Μακεδονίας καὶ Παιόνων.
For those who travel this road from the regions about Epidamnus and Apollonia, on the right hand are the Epirotic nations washed by the Sicilian Sea as far as the Ambracian Gulf, and on the left are the mountains of the Illyrians which we have already traversed, and the nations living adjacent to them as far as Macedonia and the Paeonians.
εἶτʼ ἀπὸ μὲν Ἀμβρακικοῦ κόλπου τὰ νεύοντα ἐφεξῆς πρὸς ἕω, τὰ ἀντιπαρήκοντα τῇ Πελοποννήσῳ, τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐστίν· εἶτʼ ἐκπίπτει τὸ Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος ἀπολιπόντα ἐν δεξιᾷ τὴν Πελοπόννησον ὅλην.
Then from the Ambracian Gulf, the regions sloping next towards the east, which run parallel opposite to the Peloponnesus, belong to Greece; then one emerges into the Aegean Sea, leaving the whole of the Peloponnesus on the right.
ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἀρχῆς τῶν Μακεδονικῶν ὀρῶν καὶ τῶν Παιονικῶν μέχρι Στρυμόνος ποταμοῦ Μακεδόνες τε οἰκοῦσι καὶ Παίονες καί τινες τῶν ὀρεινῶν Θρᾳκῶν· τὰ δὲ πέραν Στρυμόνος ἤδη μέχρι τοῦ Ποντικοῦ στόματος καὶ τοῦ Αἵμου πάντα Θρᾳκῶν ἔστι πλὴν τῆς παραλίας· αὕτη δʼ ὑφʼ Ἑλλήνων οἰκεῖται, τῶν μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ Προποντίδι ἱδρυμένων, τῶν δὲ ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντῳ καὶ τῷ Μέλανι κόλπῳ, τῶν δʼ ἐπὶ τῷ Αἰγαίῳ.
From the beginning of the Macedonian and Paeonian mountains as far as the Strymon River, Macedonians and Paeonians and some of the mountainous Thracians dwell; and the regions beyond the Strymon, indeed as far as the Pontic mouth and Haemus, are all the territory of the Thracians, except the coast; and this coast is inhabited by Greeks, some settled on the Propontis, others on the Hellespont and the Gulf of Melas, and others on the Aegean.
τὸ δʼ Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος δύο κλύζει πλευρὰς τῆς Ἑλλάδος, τὴν μὲν πρὸς ἕω βλέπουσαν, τείνουσαν δὲ ἀπὸ Σουνίου πρὸς τὴν ἄρκτον μέχρι τοῦ Θερμαίου κόλπου καὶ Θεσσαλονικείας Μακεδονικῆς πόλεως, ἣ νῦν μάλιστα τῶν ἄλλων εὐανδρεῖ, τὴν δὲ πρὸς νότον τὴν Μακεδονικὴν ἀπὸ Θεσσαλονικείας μέχρι Στρυμόνος· τινὲς δὲ καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ Στρυμόνος μέχρι Νέστου τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ προσνέμουσιν, ἐπειδὴ Φίλιππος ἐσπούδασε διαφερόντως περὶ ταῦτα τὰ χωρία ὥστʼ ἐξιδιώσασθαι, καὶ συνεστήσατο προσόδους μεγίστας ἐκ τῶν μετάλλων καὶ τῆς ἄλλης εὐφυΐας τῶν τόπων.
The Aegean Sea washes two sides of Greece: the one looking towards the east and extending from Sunium towards the north as far as the Thermaic Gulf and Thessalonica, a Macedonian city, which at present is more populous than any other, and the other looking towards the south, the Macedonian side, from Thessalonica as far as the Strymon; but some also assign the region from the Strymon as far as the Nestus to Macedonia, since Philip was exceptionally diligent about these places so as to appropriate them for himself, and established very great revenues from the mines and the other natural wealth of the places.
ἀπὸ δὲ Σουνίου μέχρι Πελοποννήσου τὸ Μυρτῷον ἔστι καὶ Κρητικὸν πέλαγος καὶ Λιβυκὸν σὺν τοῖς κόλποις μέχρι τοῦ Σικελικοῦ· τοῦτο δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἀμβρακικὸν καὶ Κορινθιακὸν καὶ Κρισαῖον ἐκπληροῖ κόλπον.
From Sunium to the Peloponnesus is the Myrtoan, Cretan, and Libyan Sea, together with its gulfs, as far as the Sicilian Sea; and this latter fills the Ambracian, Corinthian, and Crisaean Gulfs.