§7.5.1λοιπὴ δʼ ἐστὶ τῆς Εὐρώπης ἡ ἐντὸς Ἴστρου καὶ τῆς κύκλῳ θαλάττης, ἀρξαμένη ἀπὸ τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ Ἀδριατικοῦ μέχρι τοῦ ἱεροῦ στόματος τοῦ Ἴστρου, ἐν ᾗ ἔστιν ἥ τε Ἑλλὰς καὶ τὰ τῶν Μακεδόνων καὶ τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν ἔθνη καὶ τὰ ὑπὲρ τούτων πρὸς τὸν Ἴστρον καθήκοντα καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐφʼ ἑκάτερα θάλατταν τήν τε Ἀδριατικὴν καὶ τὴν Ποντικήν, πρὸς μὲν τὴν Ἀδριατικὴν τὰ Ἰλλυρικά, πρὸς δὲ τὴν ἑτέραν μέχρι Προποντίδος καὶ Ἑλλησπόντου τὰ Θρᾴκια καὶ εἴ τινα τούτοις ἀναμέμικται Σκυθικὰ ἢ Κελτικά.
The rest of Europe is that which is within the Ister and the surrounding sea, starting from the recess of the Adriatic as far as the sacred mouth of the Ister, in which are Greece and the tribes of the Macedonians and the Epirots, and the regions above these extending toward the Ister and toward the sea on either side, both the Adriatic and the Pontic; on the Adriatic side are the Illyrian parts, and on the other side, as far as the Propontis and the Hellespont, are the Thracian parts, and whatever Scythian or Celtic elements are mixed with these.
δεῖ δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἴστρου τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιήσασθαι τὰ ἐφεξῆς λέγοντας τοῖς περιοδευθεῖσι τόποις· ταῦτα δʼ ἔστι τὰ συνεχῆ τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ τε καὶ ταῖς Ἄλπεσι καὶ Γερμανοῖς καὶ Δακοῖς καὶ Γέταις.
But we must make our beginning from the Ister when speaking of the places next in order to those that have been described; and these are the places contiguous to Italy, the Alps, the Germans, the Dacians, and the Getae.
δίχα δʼ ἄν τις καὶ ταῦτα διέλοι· τρόπον γάρ τινα τῷ Ἴστρῳ παράλληλά ἐστι τά τε Ἰλλυρικὰ καὶ τὰ Παιονικὰ καὶ τὰ Θρᾴκια ὄρη, μίαν πως γραμμὴν ἀποτελοῦντα διήκουσαν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀδρίου μέχρι πρὸς τὸν Πόντον· ἧς προσάρκτια μέν ἐστι μέρη τὰ μεταξὺ τοῦ Ἴστρου καὶ τῶν ὀρῶν, πρὸς νότον δʼ ἥ τε Ἑλλὰς καὶ ἡ συνεχὴς βάρβαρος μέχρι τῆς ὀρεινῆς.
One might also divide these into two parts; for in a way the Illyrian, Paeonian, and Thracian mountains are parallel to the Ister, forming as it were a single line extending from the Adriatic as far as the Pontus; of which the parts toward the north are those between the Ister and the mountains, while to the south are Greece and the adjacent barbarian country as far as the mountainous region.
πρὸς μὲν οὖν τῷ Πόντῳ τὸ Αἷμον ἔστιν ὄρος, μέγιστον τῶν ταύτῃ καὶ ὑψηλότατον, μέσην πως διαιροῦν τὴν Θρᾴκην· ἀφʼ οὗ φησι Πολύβιος ἀμφοτέρας καθορᾶσθαι τὰς θαλάττας, οὐκ ἀληθῆ λέγων· καὶ γὰρ τὸ διάστημα μέγα τὸ πρὸς τὸν Ἀδρίαν καὶ τὰ ἐπισκοτοῦντα πολλά.
Now, near the Pontus is Mount Haemus, the largest and highest of the mountains in this region, dividing Thrace almost in the middle; from which Polybius says both seas can be seen, though he does not speak the truth; for the distance to the Adriatic is great and the obstructing objects are many.
πρὸς δὲ τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ πᾶσα ἡ Ἀρδία σχεδόν τι, μέση δʼ ἡ Παιονία καὶ αὐτὴ πᾶσα ὑψηλή.
On the other hand, near the Adriatic is almost the whole of Ardia, and in the middle is Paeonia, which is itself all high ground.
ἐφʼ ἑκάτερα δʼ αὐτῆς ἐπὶ μὲν τὰ Θρᾴκια ἡ Ῥοδόπη ὁμορεῖ, ὑψηλότατον ὄρος μετὰ τὸν Αἷμον, ἐπὶ δὲ θάτερα πρὸς ἄρκτον τὰ Ἰλλυρικὰ ἥ τε τῶν Αὐταριατῶν χώρα καὶ ἡ Δαρδανική.
On either side of it, toward the Thracian parts, Rhodope is contiguous, the highest mountain after Haemus, and on the other side toward the north are the Illyrian parts, namely, the territory of the Autariatae and the Dardanian country.
λέγωμεν δὴ τὰ Ἰλλυρικὰ πρῶτα συνάπτοντα τῷ τε Ἴστρῳ καὶ ταῖς Ἄλπεσιν, αἳ κεῖνται μεταξὺ τῆς Ἰταλίας καὶ τῆς Γερμανίας, ἀρξάμεναι ἀπὸ τῆς λίμνης τῆς κατὰ τοὺς Ὀυινδολικοὺς καὶ Ῥαιτοὺς καὶ Ἑλουηττίους.
Let us then speak first of the Illyrian parts which border on the Ister and the Alps, which lie between Italy and Germany, starting from the lake near the Vindelici, Raeti, and Helvetii.
§7.5.2μέρος μὲν δή τι τῆς χώρας ταύτης ἠρήμωσαν οἱ Δακοὶ καταπολεμήσαντες Βοίους καὶ Ταυρίσκους, ἔθνη Κελτικὰ τὰ ὑπὸ Κριτασίρῳ, φάσκοντες εἶναι τὴν χώραν σφετέραν, καίπερ ποταμοῦ διείργοντος τοῦ Παρίσου, ῥέοντος ἀπὸ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἴστρον κατὰ τοὺς Σκορδίσκους καλουμένους Γαλάτας· καὶ γὰρ οὗτοι τοῖς Ἰλλυρικοῖς ἔθνεσι καὶ τοῖς Θρᾳκίοις ἀναμὶξ ᾤκησαν· ἀλλʼ ἐκείνους μὲν οἱ Δακοὶ κατέλυσαν, τούτοις δὲ καὶ συμμάχοις ἐχρήσαντο πολλάκις.
Now, a certain part of this country was devastated by the Dacians after they had conquered the Boii and the Taurisci, Celtic tribes under Critasirus, claiming that the country was theirs, although the river Parisus divided them, flowing from the mountains to the Ister near the Galatians called Scordisci; for these too lived mixed with the Illyrian and Thracian tribes; but the Dacians destroyed the former, while they often used the latter as allies.
τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἔχουσι Παννόνιοι μέχρι Σεγεστικῆς καὶ Ἴστρου πρὸς ἄρκτον καὶ ἕω· πρὸς δὲ τἆλλα μέρη ἐπὶ πλέον διατείνουσιν.
The Pannonians hold the remainder as far as Segestica and the Ister toward the north and east; but toward the other parts they extend further.
ἡ δὲ Σεγεστικὴ πόλις ἐστὶ Παννονίων ἐν συμβολῇ ποταμῶν πλειόνων, ἁπάντων πλωτῶν, εὐφυὲς ὁρμητήριον τῷ πρὸς Δακοὺς πολέμῳ· ὑποπέπτωκε γὰρ ταῖς Ἄλπεσιν, αἳ διατείνουσι μέχρι τῶν Ἰαπόδων, Κελτικοῦ τε ἅμα καὶ Ἰλλυρικοῦ ἔθνους· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ καὶ ποταμοὶ ῥέουσι πολλοὶ καταφέροντες εἰς αὐτὴν τόν τε ἄλλον καὶ τὸν ἐκ τῆς Ἰταλίας φόρτον.
The city of Segestica belongs to the Pannonians, situated at the junction of several rivers, all navigable, a natural base of operations for the war against the Dacians; for it lies at the foot of the Alps, which extend as far as the Iapodes, who are at once a Celtic and an Illyrian tribe; and from there flow many rivers, carrying down to it both other cargo and that from Italy.
εἰς γὰρ Ναύπορτον ἐξ Ἀκυληίας ὑπερτιθεῖσι τὴν Ὄκραν εἰσὶ στάδιοι τριακόσιοι πεντήκοντα, εἰς ἣν αἱ ἁρμάμαξαι κατάγονται, τῶν Ταυρίσκων οὖσαν κατοικίαν· ἔνιοι δὲ πεντακοσίους φασίν.
For from Aquileia to Nauportus, for those who cross the Ocra, there are three hundred and fifty stadia, to which place the four-wheeled wagons carry down their loads, which is a settlement of the Taurisci; though some say five hundred.
ἡ δʼ Ὄκρα ταπεινότατον μέρος τῶν Ἄλπεών ἐστι τῶν διατεινουσῶν ἀπὸ τῆς Ῥαιτικῆς μέχρι Ἰαπόδων· ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἐξαίρεται τὰ ὄρη πάλιν ἐν τοῖς Ἰάποσι καὶ καλεῖται Ἄλβια.
The Ocra is the lowest part of the Alps that extend from the Raetian country as far as the Iapodes; and from there the mountains rise again in the territory of the Iapodes and are called Albia.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἐκ Τεργέστε κώμης Καρνικῆς ὑπέρθεσίς ἐστι διὰ τῆς Ὄκρας εἰς ἕλος Λούγεον καλούμενον.
Likewise, there is a pass from Tergeste, a Carnic village, through the Ocra to the marsh called Lugeon.
πλησίον δὲ τοῦ Ναυπόρτου ποταμός ἐστι Κορκόρας ὁ δεχόμενος τὰ φορτία· οὗτος μὲν οὖν εἰς τὸν Σάβον ἐμβάλλει, ἐκεῖνος δʼ εἰς τὸν Δράβον, ὁ δὲ εἰς τὸν Νόαρον κατὰ τὴν Σεγεστικήν.
Near Nauportus is the river Corcoras, which receives the cargo; now this empties into the Savus, and that into the Dravus, and the latter into the Noarus near Segestica.
ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἤδη ὁ Νόαρος πλήθει προσλαβὼν τὸν διὰ τῶν Ἰαπόδων ῥέοντα ἐκ τοῦ Ἀλβίου ὄρους Κόλαπιν συμβάλλει τῷ Δανουίῳ κατὰ τοὺς Σκορδίσκους.
From there, the Noarus, having already increased in volume by receiving the Colapis, which flows through the territory of the Iapodes from Mount Albius, joins the Danubius near the Scordisci.
ὁ δὲ πλοῦς τὰ πολλὰ τοῖς ποταμοῖς ἐπὶ τὰς ἄρκτους ἐστίν· ὁδὸς δʼ ἀπὸ Τεργέστε ἐπὶ τὸν Δανούιον σταδίων ὅσον χιλίων καὶ διακοσίων.
The voyage on the rivers is mostly toward the north; and the road from Tergeste to the Danubius is about one thousand two hundred stadia.
ἐγγὺς δὲ τῆς Σεγεστικῆς ἐστι καὶ ἡ Σισκία φρούριον καὶ Σίρμιον ἐν ὁδῷ κείμεναι τῇ εἰς Ἰταλίαν.
Near Segestica is also the fortress of Siscia and Sirmium, situated on the road leading to Italy.