§7.1.4γνώριμα δὲ ταῦτα κατέστη τὰ ἔθνη πολεμοῦντα πρὸς Ῥωμαίους, εἶτʼ ἐνδιδόντα καὶ πάλιν ἀφιστάμενα ἢ καὶ καταλείποντα τὰς κατοικίας· κἂν πλείω δὲ γνώριμα ὑπῆρξεν, εἰ ἐπέτρεπε τοῖς στρατηγοῖς ὁ Σεβαστὸς διαβαίνειν τὸν Ἄλβιν μετιοῦσι τοὺς ἐκεῖσε ἀπανισταμένους.
These tribes became known through waging war against the Romans, then submitting and again revolting, or even abandoning their settlements; and even more of them would have become known if Augustus had permitted the generals to cross the Albis in pursuit of those who were retreating thither.
νυνὶ δʼ εὐπορώτερον ὑπέλαβε στρατηγεῖν τὸν ἐν χερσὶ πόλεμον, εἰ τῶν ἔξω τοῦ Ἄλβιος καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ὄντων ἀπέχοιτο καὶ μὴ παροξύνοι πρὸς τὴν κοινωνίαν τῆς ἔχθρας.
But as it was, he assumed that it would be easier to conduct the war in hand if he should keep away from those outside the Albis who were remaining quiet and not provoke them to share in the hostility.
ἤρξαντο δὲ τοῦ πολέμου Σούγαμβροι πλησίον οἰκοῦντες τοῦ Ῥήνου, Μέλωνα ἔχοντες ἡγεμόνα· κἀκεῖθεν ἤδη διεδέχοντο ἄλλοτʼ ἄλλοι δυναστεύοντες καὶ καταλυόμενοι, πάλιν δʼ ἀφιστάμενοι, προδιδόντες καὶ τὰ ὅμηρα καὶ τὰς πίστεις.
Now the Sugambri, who dwell near the Rhine, began the war, having Melon as their leader; and from that time onward different rulers at different times would succeed one another, now gaining power and now being overthrown, and again revolting, betraying both the hostages and their pledges.
πρὸς οὓς ἡ μὲν ἀπιστία μέγα ὄφελος, οἱ δὲ πιστευθέντες τὰ μέγιστα κατέβλαψαν, καθάπερ οἱ Χηροῦσκοι καὶ οἱ τούτοις ὑπήκοοι, παρʼ οἷς τρία τάγματα Ῥωμαίων μετὰ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ Ὀυάρου Κουιντιλλίου παρασπονδηθέντα ἀπώλετο ἐξ ἐνέδρας.
Against them, indeed, mistrust was of great benefit, whereas those who were trusted caused the greatest damage, as did the Cherusci and their subjects, among whom three Roman legions, along with their general Quintilius Varus, perished in an ambush after their treaty had been violated.
ἔτισαν δὲ δίκας ἅπαντες καὶ παρέσχον τῷ νεωτέρῳ Γερμανικῷ λαμπρότατον θρίαμβον, ἐν ᾧ ἐθριαμβεύθη τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων ἀνδρῶν σώματα καὶ γυναικῶν, Σεγιμοῦντός τε Σεγέστου υἱός, Χηρούσκων ἡγεμών, καὶ ἀδελφὴ αὐτοῦ, γυνὴ δʼ Ἀρμενίου τοῦ πολεμαρχήσαντος ἐν τοῖς Χηρούσκοις ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ὀυᾶρον Κουιντίλλιον παρασπονδήσει καὶ νῦν ἔτι συνέχοντος τὸν πόλεμον, ὄνομα Θουσνέλδα, καὶ υἱὸς τριετὴς Θουμέλικος· ἔτι δὲ Σεσίθακος, Σεγιμήρου υἱὸς τῶν Χηρούσκων ἡγεμόνος, καὶ γυνὴ τούτου Ῥαμίς, Οὐκρομήρου θυγάτηρ ἡγεμόνος Χάττων, καὶ Δευδόριξ, Βαιτόριγος τοῦ Μέλωνος ἀδελφοῦ υἱός, Σούγαμβρος.
They all paid the penalty, however, and afforded the younger Germanicus a most brilliant triumph, in which the persons of the most distinguished men and women were led in triumph: Segimundus, the son of Segestes and leader of the Cherusci, and his sister, who was the wife of Arminius—the man who had led the war among the Cherusci in the violation of the treaty against Quintilius Varus and who even now continues the war—her name being Thusnelda, and her three-year-old son Thumelicus; furthermore, Sesithacus, the son of Segimerus, leader of the Cherusci, and his wife Ramis, the daughter of Ucromerus, leader of the Chatti, and Deudorix, the son of Baitorix the brother of Melon, a Sugambrian.
Σεγέστης δὲ ὁ πενθερὸς τοῦ Ἀρμενίου καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς διέστη πρὸς τὴν γνώμην αὐτοῦ καὶ λαβὼν καιρὸν ηὐτομόλησε καὶ τῷ θριάμβῳ παρῆν τῶν φιλτάτων, ἐν τιμῇ ἀγόμενος.
But Segestes, the father-in-law of Arminius, had from the very beginning opposed his son-in-law's policy, and taking a favorable opportunity he deserted to the Romans and was present at the triumph of his dearest ones, being held in honor.
ἐπόμπευσε δὲ καὶ Λίβης τῶν Χάττων ἱερεύς, καὶ ἄλλα δὲ σώματα ἐπομπεύθη ἐκ τῶν πεπορθημένων ἐθνῶν, Καούλκων Καμψανῶν Βρουκτέρων Οὐσίπων Χηρούσκων Χάττων Χαττουαρίων Λανδῶν Τουβαττίων.
Libes, a priest of the Chatti, also marched in the procession, and other persons were led in triumph from the vanquished tribes: Caulci, Campsani, Bructeri, Usipi, Cherusci, Chatti, Chattuarii, Landi, Tubattii.
διέχει δὲ τοῦ Ἄλβιος ὁ Ῥῆνος περὶ τρισχιλίους σταδίους, εἴ τις εὐθυπορούσας ἔχοι τὰς ὁδούς· νυνὶ δὲ διὰ σκολιᾶς καὶ ἑλώδους καὶ δρυμῶν κυκλοπορεῖν ἀνάγκη.
The Rhine is distant from the Albis about three thousand stadia, if one should have direct roads; but as it is, one is obliged to make a circuitous journey through winding, swampy, and wooded country.
§7.1.5ὁ δὲ Ἑρκύνιος δρυμὸς πυκνότερός τέ ἐστι καὶ μεγαλόδενδρος ἐν χωρίοις ἐρυμνοῖς κύκλον περιλαμβάνων μέγαν, ἐν μέσῳ δὲ ἵδρυται χώρα καλῶς οἰκεῖσθαι δυναμένη, περὶ ἧς εἰρήκαμεν.
The Hercynian Forest is denser and has larger trees, encompassing a great circle in fortified places, and in its center lies a country well capable of being inhabited, of which we have spoken.
ἔστι δὲ πλησίον αὐτῆς ἥ τε τοῦ Ἴστρου πηγὴ καὶ ἡ τοῦ Ῥήνου καὶ ἡ μεταξὺ ἀμφοῖν λίμνη καὶ τὰ ἕλη τὰ ἐκ τοῦ Ῥήνου διαχεόμενα.
Near it are the sources of both the Ister and the Rhine, as well as the lake between them and the marshes spread out from the Rhine.
ἔστι δʼ ἡ λίμνη τὴν μὲν περίμετρον σταδίων πλειόνων ἢ πεντακοσίων, δίαρμα δὲ ἐγγὺς διακοσίων.
The lake is more than five hundred stadia in circumference, and nearly two hundred in width across.
ἔχει δὲ καὶ νῆσον, ᾗ ἐχρήσατο ὁρμητηρίῳ Τιβέριος ναυμαχῶν πρὸς Ὀυινδολικούς.
It also has an island, which Tiberius used as a base of operations when fighting a naval battle against the Vindelici.
νοτιωτέρα δʼ ἐστὶ τῶν τοῦ Ἴστρου πηγῶν καὶ αὕτη, ὥστʼ ἀνάγκη τῷ ἐκ τῆς Κελτικῆς ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑρκύνιον δρυμὸν ἰόντι πρῶτον μὲν διαπερᾶσαι τὴν λίμνην, ἔπειτα τὸν Ἴστρον, εἶτʼ ἤδη διʼ εὐπετεστέρων χωρίων ἐπὶ τὸν δρυμὸν τὰς προβάσεις ποιεῖσθαι διʼ ὀροπεδίων.
This lake too is further south than the sources of the Ister, so that it is necessary for one going from the Celtic territory to the Hercynian Forest first to cross the lake, then the Ister, and only then, through easier terrains, to make his advances to the forest across plateaus.
ἡμερήσιον δʼ ἀπὸ τῆς λίμνης προελθὼν ὁδὸν Τιβέριος εἶδε τὰς τοῦ Ἴστρου πηγάς.
Tiberius, having advanced a day's journey from the lake, saw the sources of the Ister.
προσάπτονται δὲ τῆς λίμνης ἐπʼ ὀλίγον μὲν οἱ Ῥαιτοί, τὸ δὲ πλέον Ἑλουήττιοι καὶ Ὀυινδολικοί καὶ ἡ Βοίων ἐρημία.
The Rhaeti touch upon the lake for a short distance, but the Helvetii and the Vindelici, as well as the desert of the Boii, touch upon it to a greater extent.
μέχρι Παννονίων πάντες, τὸ πλέον δʼ Ἑλουήττιοι καὶ Ὀυινδολικοί, οἰκοῦσιν ὀροπέδια.
All of them as far as the Pannonians, but mostly the Helvetii and the Vindelici, inhabit plateaus.
Ῥαιτοὶ δὲ καὶ Νωρικοὶ μέχρι τῶν Ἀλπείων ὑπερβολῶν ἀνίσχουσι καὶ πρὸς τὴν Ἰταλίαν περινεύουσιν, οἱ μὲν Ἰνσούβροις συνάπτοντες οἱ δὲ Κάρνοις καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὴν Ἀκυληίαν χωρίοις.
The Rhaeti and the Norici rise as far as the Alpine passes and slope down toward Italy, some bordering on the Insubri and others on the Carni and the territories around Aquileia.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλη ὕλη μεγάλη Γαβρῆτα ἐπὶ τάδε τῶν Σοήβων, ἐπέκεινα δʼ ὁ Ἑρκύνιος δρυμός· ἔχεται δὲ κἀκεῖνος ὑπʼ αὐτῶν.
There is also another large forest, Gabreta, on this side of the Suevi, and on the other side is the Hercynian Forest; and that latter forest also is held by them.