§6.2.2πόλεις δʼ εἰσὶ κατὰ μὲν τὸ πλευρὸν τὸ ποιοῦν τὸν πορθμὸν Μεσσήνη πρῶτον, ἔπειτα Ταυρομένιον καὶ Κατάνη καὶ Συρακοῦσσαι·
On the side which forms the strait, the first city is Messene, then Tauromenium, Catana, and Syracuse.
αἱ δὲ μεταξὺ Κατάνης καὶ Συρακουσσῶν ἐκλελοίπασι, Νάξος καὶ Μέγαρα, ὅπου καὶ αἱ τῶν ποταμῶν ἐκβολαὶ Συμαίθου καὶ πάντων καταρρεόντων ἐκ τῆς Αἴτνης εἰς εὐλίμενα στόματα· ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὸ τῆς Ξιφωνίας ἀκρωτήριον.
The cities between Catana and Syracuse, namely Naxos and Megara, have disappeared; there are the mouths of the rivers Symaethus and of all those flowing down from Aetna into well-sheltered harbors; here too is the promontory of Xiphonia.
φησὶ δὲ ταύτας Ἔφορος πρώτας κτισθῆναι πόλεις Ἑλληνίδας ἐν Σικελίᾳ δεκάτῃ γενεᾷ μετὰ τὰ Τρωικά· τοὺς γὰρ πρότερον δεδιέναι τὰ λῃστήρια τῶν Τυρρηνῶν καὶ τὴν ὠμότητα τῶν ταύτῃ βαρβάρων, ὥστε μηδὲ κατʼ ἐμπορίαν πλεῖν.
Ephorus says that these were the first Greek cities to be founded in Sicily, in the tenth generation after the Trojan War; for those before that time feared the piracies of the Tyrrhenians and the savagery of the barbarians in these parts, so that they did not even sail for trade.
Θεοκλέα δʼ Ἀθηναῖον παρενεχθέντα ἀνέμοις εἰς τὴν Σικελίαν κατανοῆσαι τήν τε οὐδένειαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν τῆς γῆς, ἐπανελθόντα δὲ Ἀθηναίους μὲν μὴ πεῖσαι, Χαλκιδέας δὲ τοὺς ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ συχνοὺς παραλαβόντα καὶ τῶν Ἰώνων τινάς, ἔτι δὲ Δωριέων, οἱ πλείους ἦσαν Μεγαρεῖς, πλεῦσαι·
But Theocles the Athenian, having been carried by winds to Sicily, observed both the weakness of the people and the fertility of the land; on his return, though he could not persuade the Athenians, he took with him a large number of the Chalcidians in Euboea and some of the Ionians, and also some Dorians, most of whom were Megarians, and sailed.
τοὺς μὲν οὖν Χαλκιδέας κτίσαι Νάξον τοὺς δὲ Δωριέας Μέγαρα τὴν Ὕβλαν πρότερον καλουμένην.
Thus, the Chalcidians founded Naxos, and the Dorians founded Megara, which was formerly called Hybla.
αἱ μὲν οὖν πόλεις οὐκέτʼ εἰσί, τὸ δὲ τῆς Ὕβλης ὄνομα συμμένει διὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν τοῦ Ὑβλαίου μέλιτος.
These cities, then, no longer exist, but the name of Hybla remains because of the excellence of the Hyblaean honey.
§6.2.3τῶν δὲ συμμενουσῶν κατὰ τὸ λεχθὲν πλευρὸν πόλεων ἡ μὲν Μεσσήνη τῆς Πελωριάδος ἐν κόλπῳ κεῖται, καμπτομένης ἐπὶ πολὺ πρὸς ἕω καὶ μασχάλην τινὰ ποιούσης·
Of the cities that remain along the mentioned side, Messene lies in a gulf of Pelorias, which curves far toward the east and forms a kind of armpit.
ἀπέχει δὲ τοῦ μὲν Ῥηγίου δίαρμα ἑξηκονταστάδιον, τῆς δὲ στυλίδος πολὺ ἔλαττον.
It is at a crossing distance of sixty stadia from Rhegium, and much less from the column.
κτίσμα δʼ ἐστὶ Μεσσηνίων τῶν ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ, παρʼ ὧν τοὔνομα μετήλλαξε καλουμένη Ζάγκλη πρότερον διὰ τὴν σκολιότητα τῶν τόπων (ζάγκλον γὰρ ἐκαλεῖτο τὸ σκολιόν), Ναξίων οὖσα πρότερον κτίσμα τῶν πρὸς Κατάνην·
It is a foundation of the Messenians of the Peloponnese, from whom it changed its name, having been formerly called Zancle because of the crookedness of the places (for "zanclon" was the word for what is crooked), being previously a foundation of the Naxians near Catana.
ἐπῴκησαν δʼ ὕστερον Μαμερτῖνοι Καμπανῶν τι φῦλον.
Later, the Mamertines, a tribe of Campanians, settled there.
ἐχρήσαντο δʼ ὁρμητηρίῳ Ῥωμαῖοι πρὸς τὸν Σικελικὸν πόλεμον τὸν πρὸς Καρχηδονίους, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Πομπήιος ὁ Σέξτος ἐνταῦθα συνεῖχε τὸ ναυτικὸν πολεμῶν πρὸς τὸν Σεβαστὸν Καίσαρα· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ καὶ τὴν φυγὴν ἐποιήσατο ἐκπεσὼν ἐκ τῆς νήσου.
The Romans used it as a base for the Sicilian war against the Carthaginians, and after this, Sextus Pompeius assembled his fleet here when waging war against Augustus Caesar; and from here he also made his escape when he was expelled from the island.
δείκνυται δὲ καὶ ἡ Χάρυβδις μικρὸν πρὸ τῆς πόλεως ἐν τῷ πόρῳ, βάθος ἐξαίσιον, εἰς ὃ αἱ παλίρροιαι τοῦ πορθμοῦ κατάγουσι φυσικῶς τὰ σκάφη τραχηλιζόμενα μετὰ συστροφῆς καὶ δίνης μεγάλης· καταποθέντων δὲ καὶ διαλυθέντων τὰ ναυάγια παρασύρεται πρὸς ᾐόνα τῆς Ταυρομενίας, ἣν καλοῦσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ συμπτώματος τούτου Κοπρίαν.
Charybdis is also shown a little before the city in the passage, an extraordinary depth into which the ebb-tides of the strait naturally draw vessels, which are turned upside down with spinning and a great whirlpool; and when they are swallowed up and shattered, the wreckage is swept away to the shore of Tauromenia, which they call Copria from this occurrence.
τοσοῦτον δʼ ἐπεκράτησαν οἱ Μαμερτῖνοι παρὰ τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις ὥστʼ ἐπʼ ἐκείνοις ὑπῆρξεν ἡ πόλις, καλοῦσί τε Μαμερτίνους μᾶλλον ἅπαντες αὐτοὺς ἢ Μεσσηνίους, εὐοίνου τε σφόδρα τῆς χώρας οὔσης οὐ Μεσσήνιον καλοῦσι τὸν οἶνον ἀλλὰ Μαμερτῖνον, τοῖς ἀρίστοις ἐνάμιλλον ὄντα τῶν Ἰταλικῶν.
The Mamertines gained such complete control over the Messenians that the city came under their power, and everyone calls them Mamertines rather than Messenians; and since the territory produces excellent wine, they do not call the wine Messenian but Mamertine, which rivals the best of the Italian wines.
οἰκεῖται δʼ ἱκανῶς ἡ πόλις, μᾶλλον δὲ Κατάνη· καὶ γὰρ οἰκήτορας δέδεκται Ῥωμαίους· ἧττον δʼ ἀμφοῖν τὸ Ταυρομένιον.
The city is well inhabited, but Catana even more so; for it has also received Roman settlers; but Tauromenium is less populated than either.
καὶ Κατάνη δʼ ἐστὶ Ναξίων τῶν αὐτῶν κτίσμα, Ταυρομένιον δὲ τῶν ἐν Ὕβλῃ Ζαγκλαίων·
Catana is also a foundation of the same Naxians, while Tauromenium is of the Zanclaeans at Hybla.
ἀπέβαλε δὲ τοὺς οἰκήτορας τοὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἡ Κατάνη, κατοικίσαντος ἑτέρους Ἱέρωνος τοῦ Συρακουσσίων τυράννου καὶ προσαγορεύσαντος αὐτὴν Αἴτνην ἀντὶ Κατάνης.
Catana lost its original inhabitants when Hieron, the tyrant of the Syracusans, settled others there and called it Aetna instead of Catana.
ταύτης δὲ καὶ Πίνδαρος κτίστορα λέγει αὐτὸν ὅταν φῇ
"
ξύνες ὅ τοι λέγω, ζαθέων ἱερῶν
ὁμώνυμε πάτερ, κτίστορ Αἴτνας.
Pindar also calls him its founder when he says: "Understand what I say to you, O father who sharest the name of the holy sacred rites, founder of Aetna.
"
μετὰ δὲ τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ Ἱέρωνος κατελθόντες οἱ Καταναῖοι τούς τε ἐνοίκους ἐξέβαλον καὶ τὸν τάφον ἀνέσκαψαν τοῦ τυράννου.
"But after the death of Hieron, the Catanaeans returned, expelled the inhabitants, and dug up the tyrant's tomb.
οἱ δὲ Αἰτναῖοι παραχωρήσαντες τὴν Ἴννησαν καλουμένην τῆς Αἴτνης ὀρεινὴν ᾤκησαν καὶ προσηγόρευσαν τὸ χωρίον Αἴτνην διέχον τῆς Κατάνης σταδίους ὀγδοήκοντα, καὶ τὸν Ἱέρωνα οἰκιστὴν ἀπέφηναν.
The Aetnaeans, having withdrawn, settled in the mountainous part of Aetna called Innesa and called the place Aetna, which is eighty stadia distant from Catana, and they declared Hieron to be their founder.
ὑπέρκειται δὲ μάλιστα τῆς Κατάνης ἡ Αἴτνη καὶ τῶν περὶ τοὺς κρατῆρας παθῶν πλεῖστον κοινωνεῖ· καὶ γὰρ οἱ ῥύακες εἰς τὴν Καταναίαν ἐγγυτάτω καταφέρονται, καὶ τὰ περὶ τοὺς εὐσεβεῖς ἐκεῖ τεθρύληται τὸν Ἀμφίνομον καὶ τὸν Ἀναπίαν, οἳ τοὺς γονέας ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων ἀράμενοι διέσωσαν ἐπιφερομένου τοῦ κακοῦ.
Aetna lies especially above Catana and shares most in the occurrences around the craters; for the lava streams are carried down closest to the territory of Catana, and the story of the pious sons, Amphinomus and Anapias, is celebrated there, who carried their parents on their shoulders and saved them when the disaster was approaching.
ὅταν δʼ, ὁ Ποσειδώνι φ, γίνηται τὰ περὶ τὸ ὄρος, κατατεφροῦται πολλῷ βάθει τὰ Καταναίων χωρία·
When, as Poseidonius says, the active events around the mountain occur, the lands of the Catanaeans are covered with volcanic ash to a great depth.
ἡ μὲν οὖν σποδὸς λυπήσασα πρὸς καιρὸν εὐεργετεῖ τὴν χώραν χρόνοις ὕστερον· εὐάμπελον γὰρ παρέχεται καὶ χρηστόκαρπον, τῆς ἄλλης οὐχ ὁμοίως οὔσης εὐοίνου·
The ash, though causing trouble for a time, benefits the land in later times; for it makes it productive of good vines and excellent fruit, whereas the rest of the land is not equally productive of good wine.
τάς τε ῥίζας, ἐκφέρει τὰ κατατεφρωθέντα χωρία, πιαίνειν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον τὰ πρόβατά φασιν ὥστε πνίγεσθαι· διόπερ ἐκ τῶν ὤτων ἀφαιροῦσιν αἷμα διʼ ἡμερῶν τεττάρων ἢ πέντε, καθάπερ τοῦτο καὶ κατὰ τὴν Ἐρύθειαν συμβαῖνον εἰρήκαμεν.
And they say that the roots which the ash-covered lands produce fatten the sheep to such an extent that they choke; therefore they draw blood from their ears every four or five days, just as we have said happens in Erytheia.
ὁ δὲ ῥύαξ εἰς πῆξιν μεταβάλλων ἀπολιθοῖ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς γῆς ἐφʼ ἱκανὸν βάθος, ὥστε λατομίας εἶναι χρείαν τοῖς ἀνακαλύψαι βουλομένοις τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐπιφάνειαν.
The lava stream, changing into a solid state, petrifies the surface of the ground to a considerable depth, so that there is need of quarrying for those who wish to uncover the original surface.
τακείσης γὰρ ἐν τοῖς κρατῆρσι τῆς πέτρας, εἶτʼ ἀναβληθείσης, τὸ ὑπερχυθὲν τῆς κορυφῆς ὑγρὸν πηλός ἐστι μέλας ῥέων κατὰ τῆς ὀρεινῆς· εἶτα πῆξιν λαβὼν γίνεται λίθος μυλίας τὴν αὐτὴν φυλάττων χρόαν ἣν ῥέων εἶχε.
For when the rock has melted in the craters and then has been cast up, the liquid overflowing from the summit is a black mud flowing down the mountain; then, taking on solidity, it becomes millstone, retaining the same color which it had when flowing.
καὶ ἡ σποδὸς δὲ καιομένων τῶν λίθων ὡς ἀπὸ τῶν ξύλων γίνεται· καθάπερ οὖν τὸ πήγανον τῇ ξυλίνῃ σποδῷ τρέφεται, τοιοῦτον ἔχειν τι οἰκείωμα πρὸς τὴν ἄμπελον εἰκὸς τὴν Αἰτναίαν σποδόν.
And the ash of the burning stones is like that from wood; therefore, just as rue is nourished by wood ash, so the Aetnaean ash is likely to have some natural affinity to the vine.