§6.2.4#1τὰς δὲ Συρακούσσας Ἀρχίας μὲν ἔκτισεν ἐκ Κορίνθου πλεύσας περὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους οἷς ᾠκίσθησαν ἥ τε Νάξος καὶ τὰ Μέγαρα.
Archias founded Syracuse, having sailed from Corinth about the same time that Naxos and Megara were founded.
ἅμα δὲ Μύσκελλόν τέ φασιν εἰς Δελφοὺς ἐλθεῖν καὶ τὸν Ἀρχίαν· χρηστηριαζομένων δʼ ἐρέσθαι τὸν θεόν, πότερον αἱροῦνται πλοῦτον ἢ ὑγίειαν· τὸν μὲν οὖν Ἀρχίαν ἑλέσθαι τὸν πλοῦτον, Μύσκελλον δὲ τὴν ὑγίειαν· τῷ μὲν δὴ Συρακούσσας δοῦναι κτίζειν τῷ δὲ Κρότωνα.
They say that Myscellus and Archias went to Delphi at the same time; and when they were consulting the oracle, they asked the god whether they chose wealth or health; Archias, then, chose wealth, and Myscellus health; whereupon the god gave Syracuse to the one to found, and Croton to the other.
καὶ δὴ συμβῆναι Κροτωνιάτας μὲν οὕτως ὑγιεινὴν οἰκῆσαι πόλιν ὥσπερ εἰρήκαμεν, Συρακούσσας δὲ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἐκπεσεῖν πλοῦτον ὥστε καὶ αὐτοὺς ἐν παροιμίᾳ διαδοθῆναι, λεγόντων πρὸς τοὺς ἄγαν πολυτελεῖς ὡς οὐκ ἂν ἑξικνοῖτο αὐτοῖς ἡ Συρακουσσίων δεκάτη. πλέοντα δὲ τὸν Ἀρχίαν εἰς τὴν Σικελίαν καταλιπεῖν μετὰ μέρους τῆς στρατιᾶς τοῦ τῶν Ἡρακλειδῶν γένους Χερσικράτη συνοικιοῦντα τὴν νῦν Κέρκυραν καλουμένην, πρότερον δὲ Σχερίαν.
And indeed it came to pass that the Crotoniates inhabited so healthy a city as we have mentioned, while Syracuse reached such a degree of wealth that they themselves became a proverb, people saying to those who were excessively extravagant that "even the tithe of the Syracusans would not be enough for them." And they say that Archias, while sailing to Sicily, left Chersicrates, who was of the race of the Heracleidae, with a part of his army, to help colonize what is now called Corcyra, but formerly Scheria.
ἐκεῖνον μὲν οὖν ἐκβαλόντα Λιβυρνοὺς κατέχοντας οἰκίσαι τὴν νῆσον, τὸν δʼ Ἀρχίαν κατασχόντα πρὸς τὸ Ζεφύριον τῶν Δωριέων εὑρόντα τινὰς δεῦρο ἀφιγμένους ἐκ τῆς Σικελίας παρὰ τῶν τὰ Μέγαρα κτισάντων ἀναλαβεῖν αὐτούς, καὶ κοινῇ μετʼ αὐτῶν κτίσαι τὰς Συρακούσσας.
He, then, expelled the Liburnians who held it and colonized the island, while Archias, having touched at Zephyrium, found some of the Dorians who had arrived there from Sicily from the company of those who had founded Megara, and took them with him, and in common with them founded Syracuse.
ηὐξήθη δὲ καὶ διὰ τὴν τῆς χώρας εὐδαιμονίαν ἡ πόλις καὶ διὰ τὴν τῶν λιμένων εὐφυΐαν.
And the city grew both because of the fertility of the land and because of the natural advantages of its harbors.
οἵ τε ἄνδρες ἡγεμονικοὶ κατέστησαν, καὶ συνέβη Συρακουσσίοις τυραννουμένοις τε δεσπόζειν τῶν ἄλλων καὶ ἐλευθερωθεῖσιν ἐλευθεροῦν τοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων καταδυναστευομένους.
Its men became of a ruling disposition, and it befell the Syracusans both to rule over others when they were under tyrants, and to liberate those who were oppressed by the barbarians when they themselves were set free.
ἦσαν γὰρ τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ μὲν ἔνοικοι, τινὲς δʼ ἐκ τῆς περαίας ἐπῄεσαν, οὐδένα δὲ τῆς παραλίας εἴων οἱ Ἕλληνες ἅπτεσθαι, τῆς δὲ μεσογαίας ἀπείργειν παντάπασιν οὐκ ἴσχυον, ἀλλὰ διετέλεσαν μέχρι δεῦρο Σικελοὶ καὶ Σικανοὶ καὶ Μόργητες καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς νεμόμενοι τὴν νῆσον, ὧν ἦσαν καὶ Ἴβηρες, οὕσπερ πρώτους φησὶ τῶν βαρβάρων Ἔφορος λέγεσθαι τῆς Σικελίας οἰκιστάς.
For of the barbarians some were inhabitants, while others came over from the mainland; and the Greeks would not allow any of them to touch the seacoast, though they were not strong enough to keep them away entirely from the interior; indeed, the Sicels, Sicanians, Morgetes, and certain others have continued to inhabit the island down to this day, among whom were also the Iberians, whom Ephorus says are mentioned as the first of the barbarians to settle in Sicily.
καὶ τὸ Μοργάντιον δὲ εἰκὸς ὑπὸ τῶν Μοργήτων ᾠκίσθαι· πόλις δʼ ἦν αὕτη, νῦν δʼ οὐκ ἔστιν.
And Morgantium was likely founded by the Morgetes; this was a city, but now it does not exist.
ἐπελθόντες δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι καὶ τούτους οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο κακοῦντες καὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ἀντεῖχον δʼ ὅμως οἱ Συρακούσσιοι.
And when the Carthaginians came over, they did not cease to harass both these and the Greeks, but the Syracusans nevertheless held out.
Ῥωμαῖοι δʼ ὕστερον καὶ τοὺς Καρχηδονίους ἐξέβαλον καὶ τὰς Συρακούσσας ἐκ πολιορκίας εἷλον.
Later, the Romans both expelled the Carthaginians and took Syracuse by siege.
ἐφʼ ἡμῶν δὲ Πομπηίου τάς τε ἄλλας κακώσαντος πόλεις καὶ δὴ καὶ τὰς Συρακούσσας, πέμψας ἀποικίαν ὁ Σεβαστὸς Καῖσαρ πολὺ μέρος τοῦ παλαιοῦ κτίσματος ἀνέλαβε.
In our time, after Pompeius had ruined both the other cities and especially Syracuse, Augustus Caesar sent a colony and restored a large part of the old settlement.
πεντάπολις γὰρ ἦν τὸ παλαιὸν ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίων ἔχουσα τὸ τεῖχος.
For in ancient times it was a pentapolis, having a wall of one hundred and eighty stadia.
ἅπαντα μὲν δὴ τὸν κύκλον τοῦτον ἐκπληροῦν οὐδὲν ἔδει, τὸ δὲ συνοικούμενον τὸ πρὸς τῇ νήσῳ τῇ Ὀρτυγίᾳ μέρος ᾠήθη δεῖν οἰκίσαι βέλτιον, ἀξιολόγου πόλεως ἔχον περίμετρον·
Now there was no need to fill up this whole circuit, but he thought it better to inhabit the populated part near the island of Ortygia, which has the circumference of a noteworthy city.
ἡ δʼ Ὀρτυγία συνάπτει γεφύρᾳ πρὸς τὴν ἤπειρον οῦσα, κρήνην δʼ ἔχει τὴν Ἀρέθουσαν ἐξιεῖσαν ποταμὸν εὐθὺς εἰς τὴν θάλατταν.
Ortygia is connected to the mainland by a bridge, and it has the spring of Arethusa, which sends out a river straight into the sea.